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WOOL  LiaSARr 


HISTORY 


OF 


Medicine  in  New  Jersey, 


AND  OF  ITS 


MEDICAL  MEN, 

From  the  Settlement  of  the  Province  to  A.  D.  1800. 


—BY- 


STEPHEN  WICKES,  A.  M.,  M.  D., 


Acting  and  Honorary  Member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey;  Honorary 
Member  of  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society;  Member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association ;    Fellow   and  Member  of  the  Council 
of   the   American  Academy  of  Medicine  ;  Life  Member 
of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  &c. 


NEWARK,  N.  J.: 

Martin  R.  Dennis  &  Co. 
1879. 


COPYRIGHT,     1879. 


NEWARK,  N.  J.: 
Vr^ITED    by    L.  J.    HARDHAM. 


vVl 


TO    THE 

MEDICAL  SOCIETY  OF  NEW  JERSEY, 

IN  OFFICIAL   RELATIONS  WITH   WHICH, 

FOR    A    SCORE    OF    YEARS 

HE  HAS  LEARNED  TO  KNOW   ITS  MEMBERS, 

TO    ADMIRE    THEIR     ATTAINMENTS    IN    MEDICAL     SCIENCE, 

AND  THEIR  INTELLIGENT  ZEAL   FOR  ITS  PROMOTION 

IN   NEW  JERSEY, 

THIS  WORK  IS   RESPECTFULLY  AND  MOST 

LOYALLY  DEDICATED  BY 

THE  AUTHOR. 


INTRODUCTION. 


In  the  year  1875  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey 
resolved  to  publish  its  "  Old  Transactions,"  from  its  insti- 
tution   in    1766    to    1800.     My    official    relations    to    the 
Society  involved  the  editorship  of   the  volume.     I  had 
--  previously  found,  after  much  enquiry,  that  nothing  was 
.       known  of  the  character  of  its  founders,   not   even   their 
"^    reside7tce  ;    nor  had  anything  been   published  heretofore, 
which  furnished  any  information  upon  the  condition  of 
Medicine    in     New    Jersey.       A    number    of    historical 
addresses  had  been  read  before  the  Society,  and  had  been 
published.     None   of  these  covered  the  ground  which  I 
found  myself  prompted  to  occupy  in  the  preparation  of 
this  work.     It  was  begun  with  the  purpose  of  making  a 
record  which  should  be  a  supplement  of  a  few  pages  to 
the  old  records  which  I  was  charged  with  editing.     I  soon 
discovered  that  I  had  entered  upon  a  new  historical  field, 
and  had  commenced  to  glean  "  even  among  the  sheaves." 
I  did  not  resist  the  inviting  opportunity  which  was  pre- 
sented,   and    have,    for  five    years,    found    pleasure    and 
profit  in  thus  employing  my  leisure  time. 


vi  INTRODUCTION. 

No  small  part  of  the  pleasure  derived  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  this  volume  has  come  from  the  cordial  co-operation 
of  those  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  information.  My 
acknowledgments  are  especially  due  to  Hon.  Judge 
Bradley,  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  whose 
unsolicited  and  unlooked  for  MSS.  notes  of  Essex 
County  first  led  me  to  broaden  my  original  plan.  To 
Mr.  Wm.  John  Potts,  of  Camden,  whose  aid,  (unsought 
also),  by  suggestions  as  to  sources  of  knowledge,  and 
numerous  MSS.  historical  and  genealogical  notes,  has 
been  of  special  value.  To  my  friend,  Dr.  Jos.  M.  Toner, 
of  Washington,  D.  C,  whose  accurate  and  extensive 
MSS.  historical  notes  have  been,  with  his  characteristic 
liberality,  placed  at  my  disposed.  I  owe  a  large  debt 
also  to  my  medical  associates  and  others  in  the  State. 
To  Drs.  H.  H.  James  and  A.  H.  Cory,  of  Union  County; 
Voorhees,  of  Middlesex  ;  Vought,  Pumyea,  Howell,  Long, 
Imlay,  and  Miss  Anna  M.  Woodhull,  of  Monmouth  ; 
Bodine,  of  Mercer  ;  Parrish,  Price,  and  Miss  Eliza  Nealc, 
of  Burlington  ;  Fithian,  of  Gloucester;  Gibbon,  of  Salem. 
Also  to  Hon.  Jno.  Clement,  of  Camden  County;  Prof. 
Cameron  and  Dr.  Maclean,  of  Princeton  ;  Prof.  W.  H. 
B.  Thomas,  of  New  York,  Edwin  Salter,  of  Washington, 
D.  C,  and  to  others  who  have  promptly  responded  to 
my  application  for  aid  in  my  researches. 

Credit  has  been  given  for  material  obtained  from 
printed  records.  When  no  credit  is  given  the  record  is 
derived  from  original  sources. 


INTRODUCTION.  Vll 

The  medical  history  of  Cumberland,  Monmouth,  Hun- 
terdon and  Essex  Counties  has  been  written,  and  pub- 
lished in  the  "  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
New  Jersey."  My  records  in  these  Counties  have  been 
only  supplementary.  The  District  Medical  Societies  of 
Warren  and  Sussex  have  appointed,  each,  its  historian. 
Their  histories  are  now  written,  and  will  soon  be  offered 
to  the  profession. 

I  shall  be  more  than  satisfied  if  the  readers  of  this 
volume  shall  derive  a  tithe  of  the  pleasure,  in  its  perusal, 
which  has  come  to  its  author  in  its  preparation. 

Orange,  New  Jersey, 
May,  iS-jg. 


PART   I. 


History  of  Medicine. 


CONTENTS  TO  PART  I. 


PAGE. 


Beginnings  of  Population,          -        -        -        -  13 

Medical  Practice, 14 

Disease  and  Pestilence,      -        -        -        -        -  17 

Inoculation,      ----.._  29 

Medical  Literature,   ------  32 

Medical  Education,         _        -        -        .        .  35 

Medical  Association,           -        .        .        .        _  43 

First  Medical  Societies,        -        -        -        -  51 

Legislation,  --------54 

Obstetrics,         -------  57 

Systems  of  Medicine,  ------  61 

Military   Hospitals,        _        -        -        .        .  63 

Revenues  of  Physicians,     -----  69 

Physicians  in  their  Relations  to  the  State,  ^6 


HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE. 


BEGINNINGS    OF    POPULATION. 


The  first  occupation  of  New  Jersey  by  Europeans  was 
made  in  Gloucester  County,  by  the  Dutch,  in  1623,  and 
by  the  Swedes,  in  1627.  The  settlements  were  small ; 
the  controversies  for  possession,  between  the  English  and 
Dutch  governments,  discouraged  immigration,  till  the 
final  conquest  of  the  English  in  1664.  At  this  date  the 
occupation  of  the  Dutch  "  had  been  of  so  little  avail  that 
in  1634  not  a  single  white  man  dwelt  within  the  bay  of 
the  Delaware.  "^  *  "  "'  Here  and  there,  in  the 
counties  of  Gloucester  and  Burlington,  a  Swedish  farmer 
may  have  preserved  his  dwelling  on  the  Jersey  side  of  the 
river,  and  before  1664  perhaps  three  Dutch  families  were 
established  about  Burlington  ;  but  as  yet  West  Jersey 
had  not  a  hamlet."  ^ 

The  royal  charter  executed  by  Charles  IT  in  1664  to 
the  Duke  of  York,  included  the  provinces  of  New  York 
and  New  Jersey  and  all  other  lands  appertaining,  with 
powers  of  government.-  The  Duke  immediately 
exercised  his  proprietary  powers  by  conveying  to 
Lord  Berkley  and  Sir  Geo.  Carteret,  all  that  part  of 
his  grant  which  is  now  embraced  within  the  limit  of 
the  State  of  New  Jersey.  From  this  time  its  permanent 
settlement  may  be  said  to  date.     The  tide  of  emigration 


'  Bancroft's  History. 
2  Smith's  N.J. 

3     ^. 


14  HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 

to  America  haviiii^  become  fully  established,  the  Proprie- 
tors by  judicious  measures  sought  to  guide  it  for  the 
occupation  of  lands  within  tlicir  own  domain.  The  coun- 
ties of  Essex,  Monmouth  and  Burlington  were  notably 
attractive;  the  two  former  to  the  Puritan  emigrants,  and 
the  latter  to  the  "  Friends,"  who,  equally  with  the  Puri- 
tans, sought  freedom  from  persecution  and  the  enjoyment 
of  an  enlarged  civnl  liberty. 

MEDICAL    PRACTICE. 

In  the  early  history  of  the  Colonies,  the  practice  of  the 
healing  art  was  chiefly  in  the  care  of  the  clergy.  Many 
of  them  were  men  of  profound  minds  and  highly  educa- 
ted. "  F"or  several  years  previous  to  their  leaving 
England,  anticipating  the  loss  of  their  situations  as 
clergymen,  many  of  them  turned  their  attention  to  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  for  upwards  of  a  century  after  the 
settlement  of  New  England,  numbers  of  the  native  clergy 
were  continually  educated  to  both  professions."'  The 
government  of  the  towns  at  first  was  that  of  the 
church,  as  none  but  church  members  had  a  vote  in 
town  affairs.  The  minister  of  religion  thus  became 
a  leader  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  public  weal, 
and  was  so  recognized  by  the  people.  He  was  relied 
upon  to  draw  wills,  instruments  of  agreement  and  con- 
veyance, and  State  papers  ;  to  settle  questions  of  differ- 
ence and  to  instruct  the  young.  The  wants  of  the  sick 
room  came  naturally  within  the  sphere  of  his  parochial 
duties.  Many  of  them  were  distinguished  for  their 
knowledge  in  medicine,  and  were  authors  of  some  of  the 
earliest  medical  papers  printed  in  America.  In  some 
instances  the  schoolmaster  was  also  the  physician  and 
surgeon   of    the   neighborhood.     When   the   literature   of 


'  Beck's  His.  of  Med. 


HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE.  1 5 

the  profession  was  confined  to  the  few  writers  of  those 
early  days,  it  was  easy  for  the  student  in  literature  and 
science  to  furnish  himself  with  the  theories  of  medicine 
and  practice.  1 

The  Quakers,  who  were  the  early  occupants  of  West 
Jersey,  brought  in  their  company  physicians  of  education, 
men  possessed  of  means,  who  came  with  their  associates 
to  settle  the  new  lands  and  improve  their  fortunes.  To 
the  latter  purpose,  it  would  appear  that  they  gave  them- 
selves assiduously  and  cjuite  successfully.  We  cannot 
doubt  that  the  function  of  physician  to  the  sick  and  suffer- 
ing was  also  maintained.  In  the  earliest  period  of  the  set- 
tlements, there  were  many  "  Doctors  "  who  took  part  in 
public  affairs  and  in  land  speculations.  As  with  the 
clergy  who  supplemented  their  limited  revenues  by  prac- 
tising medicine,  so  the  doctors  gave  attention,  as  oppor- 
tunities offered,  to  merchandise,  farming  and  other 
remunerative  pursuits.  How  those  in  New  Jersey  were 
regarded  by  one  observer  in  1685,  we  discover  from  a 
letter  from  Charles  Gordon  to  Dr.  John  Gordon  his 
brother,  dated  Woodbridge  in  East  Jersey,  7th  March, 
1685.  After  describing  the  salubrity  of  the  climate,  he 
says  :  "  If  you  design  to  come  hither  yourself,  you  ma}' 
come  as  a  planter,  or  a  merchant,  or  as  a  doctor  of  medi- 
cine. I  cannot  advise  you,  as  I  can  hear  of  no  diseases 
here  to  cure,  but  some  agues  and  some  cutted  fingers  and 
legs,  but  there  are  no  want  of  empiricks  for  these  already. 
I  confess  that  you  could  do  more  than  any  yet  in  America, 
being  versed  in  Chirurgery  and  Pharmacie,  for  here  are 
abundance  of  herbs,  shrubs  and  trees,  and  no  doubt 
medicinell  ones  for  making  drugs,  but  there  is  little  or  no 
Imployment  this  way."'^ 

'  Toners  Med  Progress. 

-  Whitehead's  Contributions  to  His.  of  .\nil)oy. 


l6  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

In  the  most  sparely  settled  regions  the  sick  were  largely 
cared  for  by  women.  Kalm,  in  his  travels,  published  in 
1748,  says:  "An  old  Swede  remembered  that  his  mother 
cured  many  people  of  dropsy  by  a  decoction  of  the  root 
of  sassafras  in  water,  but  she  used  at  the  same  time  to 
cup  the  patient  on  the  feet."  *  *  *  *  Patients  were 
brought  to  this  old  woman  "  wrapped  in  sheets."  Win- 
terbottom,  in  his  History  of  America,  1796,  says:  "It  is 
remarkable  that  in  Cape  May  County  no  regular  physician 
has  ever  found  support.  Medicine  has  been  administered 
by  women,  except  in  extraordinary  cases." 

Dr.  Douglass,  who  settled  as  a  physician  in  Boston,  in 
1718,  in  his  "Settlements  in  North  America,"  remarking 
upon  the  medical  practice  in  the  Colonies,  says:  "  In  our 
plantations,  a  practitioner,  bold,  rash,  impudent,  a  lyar, 
basely  born  and  uneducated,  has  much  the  advantage  of 
an  honest,  cautious,  modest  gentleman.  In  general,  the 
physical  practice  in  our  Colonies  is  so  perniciously  bad, 
that  excepting  in  surgery  and  some  acute  cases,  it  is 
better  to  let  nature  take  her  course  than  to  trust  to  the 
honesty  and  sagacity  of  the  practitioner;  our  American 
practitioners  are  so  rash  and  officious,  that  the  saying  of 
the  Apocrypha  may,  with  propriety,  be  applied  to  them  : 
'  He  that  sinneth  before  his  maker,  let  him  fall  into  the 
hands  of  the  physician.'  *  *  *  *  Frequently  there 
is  more  danger  from  the  ph}-sician  than  from  the  distem- 
per, ■"  *  *  ■"  In  the  most  trifling  cases  there  are  a 
routine  of  practice.  When  I  first  arrived  in  New  England 
I  asked  a  noted  and  facetious  practitioner  what  was  their 
general  method  of  practice.  He  told  me  it  was  very  uni- 
form— bleeding,  vomiting,  blistering,  purging,  anodynes, 
&c.  If  the  illness  continued,  there  was  repetendi  and 
finally  murderandi.  Nature  was  never  to  be  consulted  or 
allowed  to  have  any  concern  in  the  affair.     '■'      "      *     * 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  \J 

Bloodletting  and  anodynes  are  the  principal  tools  of  our 
practitioners."!  Allowing  a  grain  of  exaggeration  for 
these  statements,  we  infer  that  Douglass'  account  of  the 
state  of  medical  knowledge  and  methods  of  practice  of 
his  time  is  substantially  correct. 

Smith,  in  his  History  of  New  York,  p.  326,  says  :  "  Few 
physicians  amongst  us  are  eminent  for  their  skill.  Quacks 
abound  like  the  locusts  in  Egpyt,  and  too  many  have 
recommended  themselves  to  a  full  practice  and  profitable 
subsistence.  This  is  the  less  to  be  wondered  at,  as  the 
profession  is  under  no  kind  of  regulation.  "^  '"  '" 
Any  man  at  his  pleasure  sets  up  for  physician,  apothecary 
or  chirurgeon.  No  candidates  are  either  examined  or 
licensed,  or  even  sworn  to  fair  practice. "^ 

DISEASE  AND   PESTILENCE. 
The  early  occupants  of  the  provinces,  when  correspond- 
ing with  their  friends  in    England,    uniformly  expressed 
their  delight  with    the    climate    of  the    country  and    its 


'  It  is  but  justice  to  note  that  a  biographer  of  Douglass  says  of  him  :  "  He  was 
a  man  of  considerable  learning,  but  his  writings  are  filled  with  sarcastic  remarks 
upon  the  magistrates,  clergy,  physicians  and  the  people  of  New  England.  He 
lacked  judgment  and  taste,  and  was  apt  to  measure  the  worth  of  men  by  his 
friendship  for  them." — Allibone. 

'^  An  illustration  of  Colony  quackery  is  noted  by  Douglass,  in  an  advertisement 
in  the  N.  York  Gazette,  Dec.  6,  1751 :  "In  July,  1751,  was  committed  to  the  care 
of  Dr.  Peter  Billings,  an  experienced  physician  and  man-midwife,  and  formerly  in 
the  King's  service,  the  most  e.xtraordinary  and  remarkable  cure  that  ever  was  per- 
formed in  the  world,  upon  one  Mrs.  Mary  Smith,  single  woman,  sister  to  Captain 
Arthur  Smith,  on  James'  River,  ("ounty  of  Surry,  in  Virginia,  aet.  46.  She  had 
been  upwards  of  eighteen  years  out  of  her  senses  (most  of  the  time  raving  mad), 
eating  her  own  excrements,  and  was  completely  cured  by  him  in  two  months,  con- 
trary to  the  opinion  of  all  who  knew  her,  no  doctor  in  the  province  daring  to 
undertake  her. 

N.  B.  The  contagious  distemper  so  frequently  happening  to  the  bold  adven- 
turers in  the  wars  of  Venus,  when  recent,  will  be  cured  by  him  for  three  pistoles 
in  hand,  tho'  the  common  price  is  five  pounds  all  over  North  America.  And  all 
other  cases  curable  in  Physick  and  Surgery  proportionable  to  the  circumstances 
of  the  people." 


1 8  HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE. 

salubrity.  They  declared  it  to  be  "  wholesome  of  air 
and  fruitful  of  soil.  "  '^  '•  "^  It  is  not  right  in  any 
to  despise  or  dispraise  it,  or  dissuade  those  that  find 
freedom  from  the  Lord,  and  necessity  put  them  on 
going." ^  "  It  was  in  those  days  (1665,  when  Philip  Car- 
teret was  appointed  Governor),  accounted  by  men  of 
peculiar  dispositions  as  worthy  of  the  name  of  paradise, 
because   it  had   no  lawyers,   or  physicians,  or  parsons. "^ 

Notwithstanding  their  confidence  in  the  healthfulness 
of  their  new  home,  they  were  not  unmindful  that  sickness 
and  plague  might  visit  them  in  judgment.  "  Towards 
the  close  of  the  year  1680,  the  people  were  greatly 
alarmed  by  the  appearance  of  a  '  DreadfuU  Comett  Starr, ^ 
which  was  visible  in  broad  daylight,  with  a  very  fiery 
Tail  or  Streamer.'  It  was  accepted  universally  as  an 
omen  of  '  DreadfuU  Punishments.'  A  day  of  fasting  and 
prayer  was  asked  for.  that  by  the  penitence  of  the  people, 
Hea\en  might  be  induced  to  avert  the  impending  calami- 
ties. Lieut.  Gov.  Brockholst,  of  the  Colony  of  New 
York,  in  reply  to  the  application,  informed  the  petitioners 
that  it  certainly  threatens  God's  vengeance  and  judg- 
ments, but  recommended  that  each  one  should  keep  his 
own  day  of  fasting  and  humiliation  and  perform  his  duty 
by  prayer,  &c.,  as  became  good  Christians."^ 

Kalm,  in  his  travels  published  1748,  says  of  Raccoon 
(a  settlement  of  Swedes  in  Gloucester  County),  that  the 
disease  called  by  the  English,  Fever  and  Ague,  was  more 
common  than  any  other.  It  was  quotidian,  tertian  and 
quartan ;  prevailed  the  last  of  August  and  continued  till 
Spring.     It  raged  o\'er  a  great  part  of  the  country  during 

'  Smith's  His.  of  N.  J. 
-Hilton's  His.  U.  S. 

»  The  same  that  liad  appeared   in  the  reign  of  Justinian.     (Webster  on  Pesti- 
lence.) 

*  Chue's  His.  of  S.  Island. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  19 

some  years,  and  in  others  "  scarcely  a  single  person  was 
taken  ill."  Its  cause  was  deemed  by  the  physicians  to  be 
obscure.  By  some  it  was  charged  to  "  the  peculiar  quali- 
ties of  the  air"  of  the  country.  Others,  and  the  most  of 
them,  asserted  that  it  was  generated  by  putrid  and  stand- 
ing water,  as  they  observed  that  those  residing  "near 
morasses  and  swamps,  or  where  stagnant  and  stinking 
water  is  met  with,"  were  affected  every  year.  It  was 
most  prevalent  when  the  heat  of  the  sun  caused  evapora- 
tion and  filled  "  the  air  with  noxious  vapors."  The  fever 
was  very  violent  in  all  places  which  have  a  low  situation, 
and  when  the  salt  water  comes  up  with  the  tide  and 
unites  with  the  fresh  water  of  the  country.  "  If  an 
inhabitant  of  the  higher  part  of  the  country,  where  the 
people  are  free  from  the  fever,  removes  into  the  lower 
parts,  he  may  be  well  assured  that  the  fever  will  attack 
him  at  the  usual  time,  and  that  he  will  get  it  every  year 
as  long  as  he  continues  in  that  country."  Diet  was  also 
charged  with  causing  the  disease,  in  the  use  of  fruits, 
melons,  &c.,  teas,  rum  and  other  ardent  spirits,  and 
"  largely,  the  loss  of  oderiferous  plants  with  which  the 
woods  were  filled  at  the  arrival  of  the  Europeans,  but 
which  the  cattle  have  extirpated.  These  occasioned  a 
pleasant  scent  to  rise  in  the  woods  every  morning  and 
evening.  It  is  not  unreasonable  to  think  that  this  cor- 
rected the  noxious  effluvia  from  putrifying  substances." 

The  remedies  used  were  Jesuit's  Bark,  Bark  of  the 
Siriodendron  Tulipfera,  Root  of  the  Cornus  Florida, 
"  Brimstone  and  Vinegar  every  night  upon  going  to  bed 
and  in  the  morning  before  getting  up,  and  three  or  four 
times  in  the  interval,  drinking  some  warm  liquid  to  wash 
it  down."  The  people  in  the  Mohawk  valley  used  the 
Geum  Rivale,  and  found  it  one  of  the  surest  remedies, 
and  as  certain  in  its  curative  effects  as  the  Jesuit's  Bark. 


20  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

The  foregoing  observations,  so  much  in  correspondence 
with  those  of  this  day,  are  recorded  by  Peter  Kahn,  a 
Professor  in  the  University  of  Arbo,  in  Swedish  Finland, 
who  was  sent  by  his  government  to  this  and  other 
countries  to  make  scientific  and  general  observations  in 
i747-'49.  He  further  records  that  Pleurisy  in  Raccoon 
"  is  a  disease  which  the  people  are  subject  to."  The 
Swedes  call  it  "  stitches  and  burning,"  very  common  now 
(1748).  In  1728  it  swept  away  many  at  Penn's  Neck. 
Almost  all  the  Swedes  there  died  of  it,  though  they  were 
not  numerous.  "  It  rested,  as  it  were,"  till  1748,  and 
then  "  made  dreadful  havoc,  and  every  week  six  or  ten  of 
the  old  people  died."  It  was  so  violent  that  those 
attacked  seldom  lived  more  than  two  or  three  days  ;  very 
few  recovered.  It  killed  most  of  the  old  people.  It  was 
not  a  true  pleurisy,  but  it  had  a  peculiarity  of  beginning 
with  a  great  swelling  under  the  throat  and  in  the  neck, 
with  great  difficulty  of  swallowing.  Some  said  it  was 
contagious.  It  began  in  November,  yet  some  died  in  the 
Winter.  Children  were  less  subject  to  it.  The  physicians 
did  not  know  "  what  to  make  of  it,"  nor  how  to  treat  it. 
As  to  the  cause,  an  old  English  surgeon  who  lived  then 
in  Raccoon,  gave  the  following  reason  :  "  The  inhabitants 
drink  great  quantities  of  punch  and  other  strong  liquors 
in  Summer,  when  it  is  very  hot  ;  by  that  means  the  veins 
in    the    diaphragm  contract  and  the  blood  grows  thick. 

'■'  "  ^''  *  When  the  people  during  the  changeable 
weather  are  in  the  open  air,  they  commonly  get  the 
disease." 

The  southern  part  of  New  Jersey  was  for  many  years 
an  unhealthy  region.  Fever  and  ague  was  almost  univer- 
sal.* Judge  Elmer,  in  his  history,  quotes  from  a  journal 
of  Ephriam  Harris,  of  Fairfield,  born  1732,  died  1794.     It 

'  Elmer's  Ciimberlaiul  County. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  21 

records  :  "  That  fatal  and  never-to-be-forgotten  year,  1759, 
when  the  Lord  sent  the  destroying  angel  to  pass  through 
this  place,  and  removed  many  of  our  friends  into  eternity 
in  a  short  space  of  time  ;  not  a  house  exempt,  not  a  family 
spared  from  the  calamity.  So  dreadful  was  it,  that  it  made 
every  ear  tingle,  and  every  heart  bleed  ;  in  which  time  I  and 
my  family  was  exercised  with  that  dreadful  disorder,  the 
measles  (smallpox?)  But  blessed  be  God  our  lives  are 
spared."  The  same  author  says  :  "  Mr.  Fithian  enters  in 
his  journal,  July  4,  1774,  when  he  was  in  Virginia:  '  With 
us  in  Jersey,  wet  weather  about  this  time  is  generally 
thought,  and  I  believe  almost  never  fails  being  a  forerun- 
ner of  agues,  fall  fever,  fluxes  and  our  horse  distempers.'  " 
Date  of  August  9,  1775,  when  in  western  Maryland,  he 
records  :  "  News  from  below  that  many  disorders,  chiefly 
the  flux  (dysentery),  are  now  raging  in  the  lower  counties 
— Chester,  &c.  I  pray  God  Delaware  may  be  a  bar  and 
stop  that  painful  and  deadly  disorder.  Enough  has  it 
ravaged  our  poor  Cohansians  ;  enough  are  we  in  Cohansey 
every  Autumn  enfeebled  and  wasted  with  fever  and  ague. 
Our  children  grow  pale,  puny  and  lifeless." 

Kalm  also  noticed  that  Europeans  in  North  America, 
whether  born  in  Sweden,  England,  Germany  or  Holland, 
or  in  America  of  European  parents,  always  lost  their 
teeth  sooner  than  common.  This  was  especially  true  of 
women.  The  Indians,  as  he  had  observed,  always  had 
fine  teeth.  It  did  not  therefore  arise  from  the  climate. 
He  ascribed  it  to  the  use  of  tea  and  to  the  custom  of  eating 
and  drinking  everything  hot.  The  same  effect  was  pro- 
duced upon  the  Indian  women,  after  they  become  addicted 
to  the  use  of  tea.  "I  asked,"  says  Kalm,  "  the  Swedish 
church  warden  in  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Bengston,  and  other 
old  Swedes,  whether  their  parents  and  countrymen  had 
likewise  lost  their  teeth  as  soon  as  the  American  colonists, 


22  HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE. 

but  they  told  me  that  the\'  hdcl  preserved  them  to  a  very 
great  age.  Bengston  assured  me  tliat  his  father,  at  the  age 
of  seventy,  cracked  peach-stones  and  black  walnuts  with 
his  teeth,  notwithstanding  their  hardness,  which  at  this 
time  nobody  dares  to  venture  at  that  age.  This  confirms 
what  I  have  before  said,  for  at  that  time  the  "  use  of  tea 
was  not  known   in  North  America." 

One  of  the  earliest  pestilential  diseases  in  vVmerica,  of 
which  we  have  any  record,  was  the  small  pox,  which 
wasted  the  Indians  just  before  our  ancestors  landed  at 
Plymouth.  Some  years  after,  in  1633,  it  was  again  fatal 
among  the  Indians,  spreading  from  Narragansett  to 
Piscataqua,  and  westward  to  the  Connecticut  river.* 
The  nomadic  habits  of  this  people  was  doubtless  one  of 
the  causes  of  the  spread  of  this  disease.  Upon  the 
permanent  settlement  of  West  Jersey,  in  1677,  endeavors 
were  made  to  excite  the  hostility  of  the  natives  against 
the  English,  by  insinuations  that  the  latter  sold  them  the 
small  pox  in  their  match  coats.  The  distemper  was 
among  them,  and  in  a  company  who  came  together  to 
consult  about  it  and  its  origin,  one  of  their  chiefs  said: 
"  In  my  grandfather's  time  the  small  pox  came,  and  now 
in  my  time  the  small  pox  has  come."  Then  stretching 
forth  his  iiands  towards  the  skies,  said  :  "  It  came  from 
thence."     To  this  the  rest  assented.- 

The  Europeans  were  nevertheless  the  instrumental 
cause  of  the  spread  of  small  pox  and  the  venereal  disease 
among  the  native  inhabitants  of  America.-'  The  New 
■^ York  Gazette,  January  18,  1732,  notes:  "The  small  pox 
spreads  very  much  in  this  Province,  and  in  New  Jersey, 
also  at  Amboy,  New  Brunswick  and  there   away.      Many 


'  Webster  on  Pestilence. 
2  Smiths  His.  of  N.  J. 
'  Rusli's  Inquiries. 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE.  23 

liave  been  inoculated,  and  not  one  of  them  have  died, 
but  have  had  the  distemper  very  easy." 

The  year  1638  was  very  sickly  in  America,  with  "  Small 
Pox  and  Fevers."  ^  The  Winter  of  1641  was  very  severe 
and  was  followed  by  a  very  sickly  Summer.  The  mor- 
tality on  the  Delaware  river,  among  the  settlers  in  West 
Jersey  who  had  recently  migrated  from  the  New  Haven 
Colony,  was  so  great  that  it  broke  up  the  settlement.- 
A  catarrh  appeared  in  America,  the  first  of  which  we 
have  any  account.  It  is  thus  described  in  Hubbard's 
manuscript,  quoted  by  Webster  :  "In  1647  an  epidemic 
sickness  was  prevalent  over  the  whole  country,  affecting 
the  colonists,  English,  Dutch  and  French,  and  also  the 
natives.  It  began  with  a  cold,  and  in  many  accompanied 
with  a  light  fever.  Such  as  bled  or  used  cooling  drinks, 
died.  Such  as  made  use  of  cordials  and  more  strength- 
ening things,  for  the  most  part  recovered.  It  extended 
through  the  plantations  in  America  and  the  West  Indies. 
There  died  in  Barbadoes  and  St.  Kitts  five  or  six 
thousand  each."  In  1767  catarrh  was  prevalent  in 
Europe,  and  diseases  among  horses  in  New  England  and 
New  Jersey.'* 

In  1735,  in  the  month  of  May,  during  a  wet  cold  season, 
began-*  "at  Kingston,  an  inland  town  in  New  Hampshire, 
situated  in  a  low  plain,  a  disease  among  children,  com- 
monly called  the  '  Throat  Distemper,'  of  a  most  malignant 
kind,  and  by  far  the  most  fatal  at  that  period  known  in 
this  country.  Its  symptoms  generally  were,  a  swelled 
throat  with  white  or  ash  colored  specks,  an  efflorescence 
on  the  skin,  great  debility  of  the  whole  system,  and  a 
tendency  to  putridity."     Its  first  victim  was  a  child,  who 

'  Webster. 

2  Ibid. 

^  Webster. 

■*  Webster  011  Pestilence. 


24  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE, 

died  in  three  days.  Soon  after,  three  children  in  another 
family,  distant  four  miles,  were  seized,  and  died  in  three 
days.  It  now  became  epidemic.  Of  the  first  forty  cases, 
none  recovered.  In  three  months  thereafter  it  appeared 
in  Exeter,  a  town  six  miles  distant,  and  in  a  month  there- 
after in  Boston,  fifty  miles  distant.  In  Chester,  six  miles 
from  the  place  of  its  first  invasion,  it  did  not  appear 
until  the  following  October.  It  continued  its  ravages 
through  that  year  and  the  next,  graduall)'  extending 
southward,  almost  stripping  the  country  of  children. 
The  disease  was  infectious,  but  its  spread  was  inde- 
pendent of  that  element.  Those  in  the  most  seques- 
tered situations,  and  without  the  possibility  of  contact 
with  the  sick,  were  the  subjects  of  attack.  Its  fatality 
was  not  uniform.  Country  hamlets  suffered  more  than 
larger  towns.  We  may  note  here  that,  Boston  excepted, 
there  was  not,  at  that  date,  a  town  or  city  in  America 
which  had  a  population  of  seven  thousand.  It  is  mani- 
fest that  the  disease  did  not  depend  for  its  existence  and 
spread  upon  local  and  artificial  conditions. 

The  pestilence  extended  its  ravages  through  Connec- 
ticut and  reached  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  In 
Elizabethtown,  and  the  country  surrounding,  and  at 
Crosswicks  it  was  very  fatal.  In  Zoigcr  s  Weekly,  N. 
York,  Feb.  9,  1735-6,  is  the  following  notice:  "  Throat 
Distemper^  "  We  are  informed  that  at  Crosswicks  in 
West  Jersey,  divers  persons  have  died  lately  with  a 
distemper  in  the  throat,  and  that  that  Distemper  prevails 
there.  We  are  therefore  desired  to  publish  the  following 
remedy  (which  has  proved  successful)  for  the  advantage 
of  those  who  may  hereafter  be  visited  with  the  like 
distemper: — Take  some  Honey  and  the  sharpest  Vinegar 
with  Allom  dissol\-ed  therein,  and  let  the  patients  often 
gargle  it    in   their   throats  ;  or   if   they   be   children,  then 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  2$ 

take  a  feather  and  dip  it  in  said  liquor,  and  so  wash  their 
throats."  We  give  another  extract  from  Zcngcr  of  March 
1 8,  1735-6.  It  is  a  notice  copied  from  the  Boston  Gazette^ 
evidently  written  by  a  physician  : — "  Method  of  Cure  of 
Throat  Distemper.  What  is  used  is  as  follows.  First  be 
sure  that  a  vein  be  opened  under  the  tongue,  and  if  that 
can't  be  done,  open  a  vein  in  the  arm,  which  must  be  first 
done,  or  all  other  means  will  be  ineffectual.  Then  take 
borax  or  honey  to  bathe  or  anoint  the  mouth  and  throat, 
and  lay  on  the  Throat  a  plaister  Unguintum  Dialths.  To 
drink  a  decoction  of  Devil's  bitt  or  Robbin's  Plantain, 
with  some  Sal  Prunelle  dissolved  therein,  as  often  as  the 
patient  will  drink.  If  the  body  be  costive,  use  a  clyster 
agreeable  to  the  nature  of  the  Distemper.  I  have  known 
many  other  things  used,  especially  a  root  called  Physick 
Root,  filarie  or  five-leaved  physick  ;  also  a  root  that  I 
know  no  name  for,  only  Canker  Root.  But  be  sure,  and 
let  blood,  and  that  under  the  tongue.  We  have  many 
times  made  Blisters  under  the  arms,  but  that  has  proved 
sometimes  dangerous.  '^'  *  *  *  It  is  a  distemper 
which  has  spread  in  many  places  in  this  Colony,"  (Mass.) 
From  Zcngcr,  March  15,  1735-6. 

Boston,  Mar.  i .  "  The  Distemper  that  so  long  prevailed 
to  the  Eastward  is  now  got  to  the  Western  part  of  Con- 
necticut."   Families  there  lost  from  three  to  five  children.  ^ 

This  fatal  disease  was  epiderryc  at  the  same  time  in 
France  and  in  the  British  Isles.  This  disease  and  Scar- 
latina resembled  the  plague  in  Europe  in  this  that  their 
general  course  was  Westward.  "  They  were  most  mortal 
at  first ;  and  they  affected  families  with  very  different 
degrees  of  violence,  slightly  troubling  some,  and  extin- 
guishing the  lives  of  all  the  children  in  others."^ 


*  Webster. 
2  Webster. 


26  IIISTOKV    OF    .MEDICINE. 

Rc\'.  Jonathan  Dickinson  who  saw  and  treated  many 
cases  of  this  disease,  wrote  iq^on  its  nature  and  treatment.' 

It  remains  to  notice  the  Yelloiv  Fever,  the  records  of 
which  carry  us  back  to  a  very  early  date.  In  his  history 
of  Pestilence,  Webster  describes  a  fatal  plague  which  in 
1618  destroyed  the  natives  in  Massachusetts.  It  was  so 
fatal  that  the  warriors  from  Narragansett  to  Penobscot 
were  reduced  from  9,000  to  a  few  hundreds. ^  When  our 
ancestors  arrived  at  Plymouth,  they  found  the  bones  of 
those  who  had  perished  in  man\'  places  unburied.  The 
Indians  described  it  to  the  English  as  a  pestilential  fever. 
A  subsequent  writer  of  authority  (Gookin)  says  of  it, 
"  doubtless  it  was  some  pestilential  disease.  I  have 
discoursed  with  some  old  Indians  who  were  then  youths 
who  say,  that  the  bodies  all  over  were  exceeding  yellow 
both  before  they  died  and  afterwards."  Further  testi- 
mony upon  the  disease  says,  that  it  "  produced  hemor 
rhages  from  the  nose." 

Webster  in  summing  up  his  observations  remarks  that 
'•  the  evidence  of  the  origin  of  Yellow  Fever  in  this 
country  between  the  41st  and  44th  degrees  of  latitude  is 
complete,  leaving  no  room  for  doubt  or  controversy.  No 
intercourse  existed  in  161 8  between  New  England  and 
the  West  Indies — nor  did  a  single  vessel  pass  between 
New  England  and  these  Islands  till  twenty  years  after 
that  pestilence." 

The  plague  is  noticed  as  occurring  in    1699,  in   which 


'  See  early  Med'l  Writings,     iiifia. 

2  Cotton  Mather  when  writing  of  tlie  arrival  of  the  Pilgrims  in  1620  says.  "  The 
Indians  in  these  parts,  (Cape  Cod  and  vicinity)  had  newly,  even  about  a  year  or 
two  before,  been  visited  with  such  a  prodigious  pestilence  as  carried  away  not  a 
Tenth  but  Nine  Parts  out  of  ten:  (yea  'tis  said  Nineteen  out  of  twenty)  among 
them.  So  that  the  woods  were  almost  cleansed  of  those  pernicious  creatures,  to 
make  room  for  a  hette)\^r(nuth."     Magnalin,  R3ok  i,  p.  7. 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE.  2/ 

\-ear  "raged  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  and  Philadelphia^  the 
most  deadly  bilious  plague  that  probably  ever  affected 
ihe  people  of  this  country."^  It  is  described  in  a  letter 
from  the  former  city  as  the  "  Barbadoes  Distemper,"  tho' 
it  is  not  intimated  that  it  was  communicated  from  thence 
by  infection. 

It  again  appeared  in  Philadelphia  and  New  York  in 
1741,  and  in  the  latter  city  in  1762.-*  It  did  not  again 
visit  either  New  York  or  Philadelphia  till  the  last  decade 
of  the  century,  when  it  occurred  in  mortal  form  and  in 
extensive  ravages  during  a  succession  of  years.  During 
one  of  the  epidemics  (1798)  it  prevailed  to  some  extent 
on  the  shores  of  the  Delaware  in  New  Jersey,  where  it 
seemed  to  find  its  origin."*  Dr.  Lummis,  of  Woodbur\', 
in  a  letter  to  a  physician  of  Philadelphia,  December  4, 
1798,  thus  writes:  "During  the  late  autumn,  in  the 
months  of  September  and  October,  I  visited  several 
persons  affected  with  the  bilious  yellow  fever,  who  had  no 
possible  opportunity  of  deriving  their  disease  from  any 
foreign  source.  *  *  ^  *  *  I  have  no  hesitation  in 
beHeving  their  disease  to  have  been  the  offspring  of  local 
causes.  The  majority  of  these  cases  have  occurred  in 
families  living  on  farms  situated  on  the  Jersey  shore  of 
the  Delaware.  The  most  valuable  part  of  these  farms-'' 
consist  of  meadows.  The  proximity  of  these  situations 
to  the  Delaware  and  large  tracts  of  meadow-land  lead  me 
to  ascribe  their  disease  (aided  by  a  peculiar  state  of  the  air) 
to  the  exhalations  or  marsh  effluvia  arising  from  the  low 
grounds  situated  near  the  banks  and  the  meadows  in  the 


'  Philadelphia  had  then  been  founded  about  17  years,  and  the  population  must 
have  been  small  and  nowhere  crowded. 
2  Webster.     Also  noted  by  Rush  in  his  Inquiries. 
•'  Rusli's  Inquiries. 
*'  Rush. 
''The  best  soil  furnishes  the  worst  air. —Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy. 


28  HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE. 

vicinity  of  the  Delaware.  The  peculiar  disposition  of 
these  exliaiatioiis  to  produce  disease  and  death  was 
around  early  in  the  season,  by  the  mortality  which 
prevailed  among  the  fowls  and  cats  in  this  neighborhood. 
I  am  not  alone  in  having  seen  cases  of  yellow  fever  which 
cannot  be  traced  to  contagion,  similar  facts  having  been 
witnessed  this  season  by  other  physicians,  in  various 
parts  of  New  Jersey. "^  Rush^  in  noticing  the  production 
by  contagion  of  yellow  fever,  wlien  the  exhalations  from 
the  secretions  of  a  patient  act  as  an  exciting  cause  in 
persons  previously  impregnated  with  iTiarsh  miasmata 
states,  that  "  in  the  autumn  of  1798  it  prevailed  upon  the 
shores  of  the  Delaware,  in  Gloucester  County,  N.  J.  A 
mild  remittent  prevailed  on  the  high  grounds,  a  few  miles 
from  the  river  during  this  time.  If  a  person  who  had 
inhaled  the  seeds  of  the  yellow  fever  in  Philadelphia, 
afterwards  came  into  a  family  Jiear  the  river,  the  same 
disease  appeared  in  several  instances  in  one  or  more 
branches  of  that  famih'  ;  but  when  persons  brought  the 
fever  from  the  city,  and  went  into  a  family  on  the  high 
grounds,  where  mild  remittents  prevailed,  there  was  not 
a  single  instance  of  yellow  fever  being  excited  in  any  of 
its  members." 

Webster  in  a  note.  vol.  ii,  p.  151,  remarks:  "  In  1798 
the  first  cases  of  the  fever  in  Chester  and  Wilmington 
originated  from  Philadelphia  ;  but  the  atmosphere  also  of 
the  country  in  New  Jersey  and  Delaware  actually ^^//^^rrt'/'^^:/ 
the  disease,  in  the  neighboring  districts,  and  so  it  did  in 
Connecticut." 

Before  leaving  the  subject  of  pestilence  we  make  note 
that  the   year    1701    was  excessively  dry  in   this  part  of 


'  Account  of  the  malignant  fever  lately  prevalent  in  the  city  of  Xew  \ork  :  by 
James  Hardie,  A.  M.,  N.  Y.     1799. 
-  Inquiries,     p.  149,  vol.  ii. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  29 

America.  It  proved  to  be  a  pestilential  period.  During 
the  dry  summer  of  1782,  a  rock  in  the  Schuj'lkill  river 
appeared  above  the  surface  of  the  water  on  which  was 
engraven  the  date,  1701.^  The  engraver  employed  his 
chisel  better  than  he  knew,  as  it  marked  a  fact  noted  by 
observers  81  years  afterwards.  In  that  year,  1782,  a 
cedar  swamp  in  New  Jersey  20  miles  in  length  and  8  in 
breadth,  taking  fire  by  accident,  was  totally  consumed  ; 
the  fire  penetrating  among  the  roots  to  the  depth  of  six 
feet  :  corn,  grass  and  the  forests  withered.  ^ 

INOCULATION. 

In  the  year  1721,  Cotton  Mather  met  with  an  account 
in  the  Philos.  Transactions  printed  in  London,  of  inocu- 
lation for  the  small  pox,  in  Turkey.  Being  impressed 
with  the  importance  of  the  method  as  a  protection  against 
the  severity  of  the  disease,  he  asked  the  attention  of  the 
physicians  in  Boston  to  the  subject.  They  treated  it 
with  contemptuous  indifference.  He  then  recommended 
his  friend  Dr.  Zabdiel  Boylston  to  adopt  the  practice. 
The  Dr.  in  the  face  of  the  most  violent  opposition,  on 
January  27.  1721,  inoculated  first,  his  only  son  of  thirteen 
years  of  age,  and  two  negro  servants.  His  success  in 
these  cases  confirmed  him  as  to  the  safety  and  value  of 
the  operation,  and  quieted  the  fears  of-  others.  During 
the  same  year  and  in  the  early  part  of  the  next,  he  inocu- 
lated 247  persons,  and  39  were  treated  by  others,  in 
Boston  and  its  vicinity.  Of  this  number  six  died,  the 
most  of  whom  were  supposed  to  have  taken  the  disease 
before  inoculation.  During  the  same  period  5,759  took 
the  natural  disease,  of  whom  844  died.  The  opposition 
to  the  practice  of  inoculation  was  intelnse.    The  physicians, 

»  Rush, 
■•i  Webster. 


30  HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE. 

led  by  Dr.  Douglass,  the  newspapers  and  the  people 
generally  were  hostile.  The  clergy  alone  supported  the 
new  method,  and  the  popular  feeling  against  them  was 
such  that  they  were  exposed  to  injur}'  in  their  persons 
and  property.  They  were  not  safe  in  their  own  houses. 
One  clergyman  at  least  was  on  the  popular  side.  It  is 
related  of  him  that  he  preached  to  the  people  from  the 
text,  "  So  Satan  went  forth  from  the  presence  of  the  Lord 
and  smote  Job  with  sore  boils — from  the  sole  of  his  foot, 
unto  his  crown."  From  this  the  doctrine  was  deduced  that 
Job  had  the  small  pox,  and  Satan  was  the  j^rst  inoculator.'^ 

Religious  scruples  doubtless  influenced  the  minds  of 
some.  When  the  practice  was  proposed  in  Philadelphia, 
a  manuscript  Journal  of  John  Smith,  Esq.,  notes  his 
disapprobation  of  the  operation  as  follows  : — "  Two  or 
three  persons  (in  one  month)  have  the  small  pox,  having 
got  it  in  New  York."  He  disliked  inoculation,  because  it 
was  clear  to  him  that  we  who  are  only  tenants  have  no 
right  to  pull  down  the  house  that  belongs  to  the  landlord 
who  built  it. 2 

The  newspaper  press  in  Boston  teemed  with  articles  in 
opposition  to  the  measure.  Franklin,  who  at  that  time 
was  in  his  brother's  printing  office,  employed  his  pen  in 
its  condemnation.  In  after  years  his  opinions  underwent 
a  change,  but  not  until  the  scourge  entered  his  own 
famil}-  and  took  from  his  embrace  a  loved  boy  of  four 
years  of  age.  In  his  memoirs  he  alludes  to  his  loss  as 
follows:^ — "  In  1736  I  lost  one  of  my  sons,  a  fine  boy  of 
four  years,  b)'  the  small  pox,  taken  in  the  common  way.  I 
long  regretted  him  bitterly,  and  still  regret  that  I  had  not 
given  it  to   him   by  inoculation.     This  I  mention  for  the 


'  N.  Y.  Observer,  May,  1877, 

2  J.  M.  Toner.     "  Inocul.ition  in  Pa." 

>  Toner. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  3 1 

sake  of  parents  who  omit  that  operation,  in  the  supposi- 
tion that  they  should  never  forgive  themselves  if  a  child 
died  under  it.  My  example  shows  that  the  regret  maybe 
the  same  either  way,  and  therefore  that  the  safer  should 
be  chosen." 

Cotton  Mather  wrote  and  preached  in  favor  of  the 
practice.  Among  the  physicians  Dr.  Boylston  stood 
alone  in  its  support.  It  conquered  opposition  notwith- 
standing, and  maintained  its  claim  as  a  valuable  protective 
agent.  ^ 

At  first,  the  treatment  of  those  inoculated  was  warm 
clothing  in  bed,  with  heating  and  stimulating  medicines 
to  keep  up  the  eruption  and  promote  profuse  perspiration. 

Boerhave  early  suggested  that  mercury  would  prove  an 
antidote  to  small  pox.  In  1724,  Dr.  Huxhum  recom- 
mended its  use  in  inoculation.  It  did  not  immediately  meet 
with  favor  in  England,  but  was  tried  on  a  large  scale  in 
the  Colonies.  Dr.  Benj.  Gale  gave  a  detailed  account  of 
its  effects  in  a  paper  published  in  the  Philos.  Trasactions 
for  1765.  He  gives  the  credit  of  the  practice  to  Dr. 
Thomas,  of  Virginia,  and  Dr.  Munson,  of  Long  Island, 
by  whom  it  was  adopted  in  1745.^  In  1764,  3,000 
recovered  from  the  operation  under  this  method  and  8 
only  died.  [Appendix  A.]  In  or  about  1766,  exposure 
to  cool  air,  cold  drinks,  with  mercurial  purgatives  and 
refrigerant  medicines  were  introduced.  Former  prejudices 
soon  vanished  and  the  new  plan  became  general. 

The  first  Public  Hospitals  for  small  pox  were  opened  in 
Boston  in  1764.  One  at  Point  Shirley,  by  Dr.  Barnet,  of 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  and  another  in  Boston  Harbor,  by 
Dr.  Gelston,  of  Nantucket.  That  Dr.  Barnet  was  an 
enthusiast    in    the    promotion   of  the    practice,   and    had 


'  Cotton  Mather's  Writings.     Miller's  Retrospect,  &c. 
■^  Beck's  Hist,  of  Med. 


32 


HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 


acquired  reputation  as  a  skillful  inoculator,  appears  in  the 
fact  that  in  1759  he  was  invited  from  EHzabethtown  to 
Philadelphia  to  inoculate  for  the  small  pox.  The  practice 
was  much  opposed  but  soon  became  general.  1 

It  was  the  custom  in  New  Jersey  and  in  the  other  Colonies 
to  appoint  houses  in  secluded  places  as  temporary  pest- 
houses,  to  which  those  to  be  operated  upon  should  be 
sent  and  carried  through  the  disease.  Their  existence  in 
the  cities  of  commerce  at  times  became  sources  of  alarm 
and  were  regarded  by  the  authorities  as  injurious  to  trade 
in  terrifying  the  inhabitants  of  the  adjacent  country  and 
preventing  their  visits.  In  June  9,  1747,  Gov.  Clinton,  of 
New  York,  issued  a  proclamation  "  strictly  prohibiting 
and  forbidding  all  and  every  of  the  Doctors,  Physicians, 
Surgeons  and  Practitioners  of  Physick,  and  all  and  every 
other  person  within  this  Province,  to  inoculate  for  the 
small  pox  any  person  or  persons  within  the  City  and 
Count}'  of  New  York,  on  pain  of  being  prosecuted  to  the 
utmost  rigor  of  the  law."^ 

MEDICAL   LITERATURE. 

Medical  writers  in  the  Colonies  began  their  literary 
efforts  in  the  modest  form  of  communications  to  the 
journals  of  their  day,  and  by  pamphlets  containing  their 
observations  upon  particular  forms  of  disease.  The  first 
contribution  to  medical  literature  in  America  is  said  to  be 
a  paper  published  in  1677,  by  Dr.  Thomas  Thatcher,  also 
a  clergyman,  with  the  title  "  Brief  Rule  to  Guide  the 
Common  People  of  New  England  how  to  Order  them- 
selves and  theirs  in  the  Small  Pocks  or  Measles."-''  This 
was  soon  followed  bv  a  work  on  the  "  Good  management 


'  Rusli's  Inquiries. 
»  Provincial  Laws. 
'Toner's  Medical  I'rogress.  whicli  contains  (p.  20)  a  transcript  of  the  Guide,  &c. 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE.  33 

under  the  Distemper  of  the  Measles,"  by  a  clergyman 
also.  1  Cotton  Mather  and  Dr.  Boylston  in  Boston 
published  their  writings  in  172J,  upon  the  value  of  inocu- 
lation. Dr.  Douglas  wrote  in  opposition  to  the  operation. 
Franklin,  who  was  then  an  apprentice  in  his  brother's 
printing  office  in  Boston,  wrote  articles  in  the  Coiirant 
against  the  practice.-  Dr.  John  Walton  published  in 
Boston,  in  1732,  an  Essay  on  Fever. ^  Dr.  Cadwalader 
Golden,  a  physician  and  naturalist,  published  in  1720  an 
account  of  the  climate  of  New  York.  In  1753,  he  wrote 
a  paper  on  the  Sore  Throat  Distemper.'^  He  also 
published  his  Observations  on  the  Yellow  Fever  in  New 
York,  1741-2.5  When  the  "Throat  Distemper"  became 
epidemic  its  character  was  noticed  first  in  printed  form,  (so 
far  as  we  can  discover,)  by  Rev.  Jonathan  Dickinson,  a 
practitioner  of  the  healing  art  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 
His  notice  is  found  in  Zeiiger  s  Weekly  Journal,  Feb.  16, 
1735-6.  Soon  after,  in  1736,  Dr.  Douglass,  of  Boston, 
wrote  "A  Practical  History  of  a  New  Epidemical  Miliary 
Fever,  with  an  Angina  Ulcuscatoria,  which  prevailed  in 
Boston  in  the  years  1735-6."  It  is  addressed  to  "A 
Medical  Society  in  Boston."  He  speaks  in  his  introduc- 
tion of  the  Distemper: — "It  continues  to  spread  and 
prevail  in  several  towns  of  this  and  the  neighboring 
Provinces ; "  and  says  that  he  writes  to  induce  some 
"gentlemen  of  the  profession  in  our  own  and  other 
Provinces  where  the  disease  does  or  may  prevail,"  to 
notice  its  characteristics,  and  communicate  their  obser- 
vations. This  pamphlet  is  in  the  library  of  the  Academy 
of  Medicine,  New  York. 


'  Carson's  Hi.  of  the  Med.  Depart,  of  tlie  U.  of  Pa. 

*  Miller's  Retrospect. 

3  Thatcher's  Hist,  of  Med. 

■<  Beck's  Hist,  of  Medicine. 

^  Toner's  Med.  Progress. 


34  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

Jonathan  Dickinson  wrote  his  observations  on  the 
Throat  Distemper,  in  a  letter  to  *'  a  Friend  in  Boston," 
in  1738-9.  It  was  published  in  1740.  This  pamphlet 
is  exceedingly  rare.  The  author  of  this  history  made 
diligent  search  among  the  leading  libraries  for  a  series  of 
months  without  finding  it,  and  was  assured  by  distin- 
guished bibliographers  that  Dickinson's  obser\'ations  had 
never  been  published  in  pamphlet  form.  A  letter  of 
inquiry  to  the  Librarian  of  the  Am.  Antiquarian  Society 
called  forth  the  information  that  such  a  paper  was  in  their 
catalogue,  but  it  was  lost  from  the  shelves  of  the  library. 
It  was  subsequently  found  in  the  librar\-  of  the  Historical 
Society  of  Massachusetts,  and  an  authenticated  copy  was 
obtained.  The  writer's  "  Observations  "  evidence  a  mind 
skilled  in  the  appreciation  of  morbid  phenomena,  which, 
in  the  distemper  noticed,  he  verified  by  dissection,  and  an 
enlarged  knowledge,  for  his  time,  of  the  principles  of  cure. 
No  reader  of  the  paper  will  doubt  that  the  disease  which 
he  describes  was  the  Diphtheria  of  our  own  day.  (See 
Appendix  B. » 

Dr.  Thomas  Cadwalader  wrote  in  1740,  an  essay  on  the 
'•Iliac  Passion,"  and  in  1745.  on  the  West  India  "  Dr\- 
Gripes."  These  contributions  were  also  from  a  citizen  of 
New  Jersey,  though  all  the  biographers  of  Dr.  Cadwalader 
speak  of  him  as  a  resident  of  Philadelphia.  The  sketch 
of  his  life,  infra,  will  show  the  reader  that  the  above  essays 
were  penned  while  the  writer  was  a  resident  of  Trenton. 

Dr.  John  Bard  wrote  upon  '•  A  Malignant  Pleurisy" 
which  prevailed  on  Long  Island  in  1749;  and  Dr.  Samuel 
Bard,  on  the  "  Angina  Suffocativa,  or  Sore  Throat  Dis- 
temper," in  1 77 1.  It  is  published  in  vol.  i,  p.  388,  of  the 
Transactions  of  the  Am.  Philos.  Soc.  It  also  appeared  in 
pamphlet.  His  description  clearly  demonstrates  the 
disease    as    identical    with    Diphtheria.     Dr.  Tennent,  of 


HISTORY   OF    MEDICINE. 

Virginia,  wrote  on  the  Pleurisy,  about  1740.  A  letter  of 
his  to  Dr.  Richard  Mead,  of  London,  concerning  the 
Seneca  Rattlesnake  Root,  was  published  in  Edinburgh, 
1738.^  Dr.  John  Mitchell,  of  Virginia,  in  1743,  published 
an  essay  on  the  causes  of  different  colors  of  people  in 
different  climates  ;  also,  an  account  of  the  Yellow  Fever 
which  prevailed  in  Virginia  in  1741.  A  "  History  of  the 
American  Yellow  Fever  "  was  written  and  published  in 
1753  by  Dr.  Lining,  of  S.  C. ;  and  in  1764,  Dr.  Garden, 
of  the  same  Colony,  wrote  on  the  medical  properties  of 
Pink  Root.2 

MEDICAL   EDUCATION. 

In  the  early  years  of  its  history.  New  Jersey  had  among 
its  medical  men  a  very  limited  few  who  had  received  their 
training  in  the  schools  of  Europe.  The  profession  was, 
at  the  first,  largely  composed  of  those  who,  without 
liberal  education,  lived  a  year  or  two  "  in  any  quality 
with  a  practitioner  of  any  sort,"^  read  the  few  books  upon* 
medicine  which  came  within  their  reach,  and  then, 
assuming  the  title  of  Doctor,  offered  themselves  to  the 
people  as  competent  to  cure  disease.  They  relied  much 
upon  the  use  of  herbs  and  roots.  Books  which  treated 
of  their  virtues  were  much  studied.  We  have  seen  a  copy 
of  Salmon's  Herbal,  published  in  1696,  which  was  the 
text  book  of  a  New  Jersey  physician  of  large  practice 
and,  in  his  day,  of  much  reputation.  Being  a  man  of 
property  he  paid  the  expenses  of  a  messenger  to  England 
to  obtain  the  volume.  It  is  a  folio  of  1,300  pages;  cost 
^50.  AUibone  says  of  the  author:  "  He  was  a  noted 
empiric."     It    was   the   text   book    of    our   New    Jersey 


'  Beck's  History. 
'•'  Miller's  Retrospect. 
'  Douglass. 


36  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

Doctor  between  1758  and  1777.  Its  voluminous  pages 
are  wholly  made  up  of  descriptions  of  plants  and  their 
virtues.     (Appendix,  C.) 

In  the  Old  World  it  had  been  the  practice  for  centuries 
for  the  medical  student  to  be  apprenticed  to  his  preceptor 
for  a  term  of  years. ^  Students  both  of  Law  and  Physic, 
and  sometimes  of  Divinity,  were  bound  by  indenture  to 
their  instructors.^  As  a  result  of  this  it  was  not  uncom- 
mon that  the  pupils,  in  their  relation  to  their  employers, 
were  subjected  to  the  most  menial  employments. 
Being  received  into  the  family,  they  were  in  many 
instances  servants  as  well  as  students  of  their  master. 
The  practical  effect  of  the  system  upon  their  future  lives 
is  manifest  in  the  frequent  marriages  of  the  students  with 
the  daughters  of  their  instructors.  More  fortunate  than 
the  apprentice  of  Scripture  record,  they  received  their 
Rachels  when  the  "  days "  of  their  service  were 
"fulfilled." 

In  the  earlier  period  preliminary  study  was  not  required 
by  those  giving  instruction.  One  of  the  first  acts  of  the 
New  Jersey  Medical  Society  after  its  organization  was  to 
ordain  that  "  hereafter  no  student  be  taken  an  apprentice 
by  any  member  (of  the  Society)  unless  he  has  a  competent 
knowledge  of  Latin,  and  some  initiation  in  the  Greek." 
It  was  also  agreed  that  "  no  member  hereafter  take  an 
apprentice  for  less  than  four  years,  of  which,  three  shall 
be  with  his  master,  and  the  other  may,  with  his  master's 
consent,  be  spent  in  some  school  of  physic  in  Europe  or 
America."  The  Society  also  fixed  the  fee  at  One 
Hundred  Pounds  a  year.  Proclamation  money.  (For 
forms  of  indenture,  see  Appendix  D.)  The  apprenticeship 
system    was    by    no    means    universal.     The    following 

'  Toner's  Med.  Progress. 
•■I  [bid. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  37 

sketches  make  it  apparent,  that  about  the  middle  of  the 
last  century  there  were  a  number  of  physicians  in  East 
and  West  Jersey  who  acquired  reputation  as  instructors, 
whose  offices  were  resorted  to  in  considerable  numbers  by 
students  in  Medicine.  Here  they  read  such  works  as  the 
library  of  their  preceptor  afforded,  compounded  medicines 
for  use  in  the  current  demands  of  his  practice,  and 
received  such  instruction  as  might  be  afforded  by  his 
familiar  intercourse  with  them,  and  by  occasional  visits  to 
his  patients,  with  abundant  opportunities  for  blood-letting 
and  tooth-drawing.  Giles  Firman,  in  1647,  delivered 
lectures  or  readings  on  human  Osteology,  and  is  said  to 
have  had  the  first  "Anatomy"  in  the  country,  "which  he 
did  make  and  read  very  well."  He  returned  to  England, 
was  ordained  as  a  minister,  and  died  in  1697.^ 

The  first  course  of  lectures  on  medical  subjects  delivered 
in  America  is  believed  to  be  a  course  on  Anatomy,  by  Dr. 
Wm.  Hunter,  a  Scotch  physician  and  a  relative  of  the  cele- 
brated Hunters  in  England,  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  in  1754-5-6. 
The  first  attempt  of  which  we  have  any  record,  to  impart 
instruction  by  dissection  was  made  in  New  York  in  1750, 
by  Drs.  Bard  and  Middleton.  They  obtained  the  cadaver 
of  an  executed  criminal,  and  used  it  in  teaching  Anatomy 
to  a  class  of  young  men. 

Dr.  Thomas  Cadwalader,  of  Philadelphia,  who  com- 
menced his  practice  there  in  1731,  after  a  course  of  study 
in  London,  was  the  first  lecturer  upon  Anatomy  in  that 
city,  and  probably  the  first  in  America.  Corson  (p.  40) 
says: — "As  Dr.  Ca^dwaladcr  had  been  established  in 
Philadelphia  some  time  before  the  year  1 751,  at  which 
date  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  physicians  of  the  hos- 
pital, and  gave  lectures  upon  his  return  from  Europe,  the 


Toner's  Med.  Pro?. 


38  HISTORY   OF    MEDICINE. 

probability  is  in  favor   of  his   having   first  entered   upon 
this  branch  of  teaching." 

The  foundation  of  a  regular  school  in  medicine  was  laid 
in  Philadelphia,  in  a  course  of  lectures  on  Anatomy,  by 
Dr.  Wm.  Shippen,  in  1762-3-4.  Those  who  attended  his 
lectures  received  a  certificate  as  a  credential.  (See 
Appendix  E.)  Drs.  Shippen  and  Morgan,  both  natives  of 
Philadelphia,  while  pursuing  their  studies  abroad,  con- 
certed a  plan  of  "  establishing  a  medical  school  "  in  their 
native  cit)'.^  The  former  returned  one  year  before  his 
associate,  and  immediately  entered  upon  the  work  of 
systematic  instruction.  The  trustees  of  the  College  of 
Philadelphia,  which  was  founded  in  1759,  in  May  3,  1765, 
elected  Dr.  Morgan  "  Prof,  of  the  Theory  and  Practice 
of  Physic  ;  "  and  in  September  following,  Shippen  was 
elected  "  Prof,  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery.'  A  medical 
school  was  thus  engrafted  upon  the  college.  2 

A  more  complete  organization  of  the  medical  depart- 
ment was  effected  in  1767.  An  enlarged  course  of  studies 
was  agreed  upon,  and  rules  were  adopted  for  conferring 
medical  honors.  Additional  lecturers  were  also  appointed 
upon  Materia  Medica,  Chemistry,  and  Clinical  Study. 
In  June,  1768,  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  was 
conferred  upon  ten  candidates,  two  of  whom,  Jonathan 
Elmer  and  John  Lawrence,  were  from  New  Jersey.  They 
remained  in  their  native  State  and  became  an  honor  to  it 
and  to  their  Alma  Mater  as  well. 

A  medical  school  was  founded  in  New  York,  in  connec- 
tion with  King's  College,  in  1767.  Its  organization  was 
at  first  more  complete  than  that  of  the  Philadelphia 
school.  It  established  chairs  of  Anatomy,  Pathology  and 
Physiology,    Surgery,    Chemistry    and     Materia   Medica, 


>  Rush. 
2  Carson. 


HISTORY   OF    MEDICINE.  39 

Theory  and  Practice,  and  Midwifery,  and  elected  professors 
to  fill  the  same  respectively.  Medical  honors  were 
conferred  in  1769  upon  two  students.  Between  the  latter 
date  and  1774,  eleven  degrees  were  conferred.  The 
occupation  of  New  York  by  the  British  during  the  war 
arrested  all  efforts  at  giving  instruction,  and  for  a  time 
practically  destroyed  the  enterprise.  In  1784  an  attempt 
was  made  to  revive  the  Medical  School,  so  far  as  to  appoint 
several  professors  according  to  the  original  plan.  It  proved 
a  failure  as  well  as  other  efforts  made  from  time  to  time 
till  in  1792  the  trustees  succeeded  in  effecting  a  more 
permanent  organization. 

In  January  11,  1791,  Dr.  Nicholas  Romaine,  a  distin- 
guished physician  and  instructor  in  medicine  in  New 
York,  presented  a  memorial  to  the  Regents  of  the 
University,  representing  that  he  had  established  a  medical 
school  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  prayed  the  Regents 
to  take  it  under  their  protection.  The  prayer  was  favor- 
ably received,  but  the  project  was  opposed  by  the 
trustees  of  Columbia  College,  who  were  engaged  in 
re-establishing  a  Medical  Department  in  their  institution. 
The  petitioners  were  therefore  unsuccessful.  ^  The 
petitioners  thereupon  applied  to  Queen's^  College  in  New 
Jersey,  and  in  1792  received  therefrom  the  necessary 
authority  under  its  charter  for  the  completion  of  their 
organization.  Their  connection  with  Queen's  College  was 
continued  with  varying  degrees  of  success  in  the  process  of 
Medical  Instruction  from  1792  to  18 16,  when  the  opponents 
of  the  school  obtained  an  act  from  the  Legislature  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  "  declaring  all  degrees  conferred  by  any 
college  out  of  the  State  on  students  studying  within 
the  State,  null  and  void,  as  licenses  to  practise  medicine. ^ 

'  Hosack. 

-  Chartered  name  changed  to  Rutgers  in  1825. 

'■>  McNaughtons  address  on  tlie  Progress  of  Medicine.     1837. 


40  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

Thirty-six  medical  de<^ree.s  were  conferred  between  1792 
and  1816,  when  the  trustees  "deemed  it  inexpedient 
thereafter  to  confer  medical  degrees.^  Upon  this  the 
School  availed  itself  of  the  chartered  privileges  of  Geneva 
College,  which  had  been  about  that  time  organized  in 
Western  New  York.  This  institution  agreed  for  a  pecu- 
niary consideration  to  confer  the  degree  of  M.  D.  upon 
such  as  the  faculty  of  the  School  in  the  city  of  New  York 
should  recommend.  It  had  no  other  connection  with  it. 
This  arrangement  was  soon  dissolved  by  a  law  declaring 
that  no  college  should  "  have  or  institute  a  medical 
faculty  to  teach  the  science  of  medicine  in  any  other 
place  than  where  the  charter  locates  the  college. "^ 

The  students  who,  upon  examination  were  deemed 
worthy,  did  not  betake  themselves  to  the  academic  groves 
of  New  Jersey  or  Western  New  York,  there  to  be  crowned 
with  laureate  honors,  nor  did  the  groves  go  to  them. 
The  diplomas  were  prepared  by  the  medical  faculty,  and 
sent  to  the  respective  presidents  of  the  colleges,  which 
was  by  them  returned  duly  signed.  They  were  then 
delivered  with  some  ceremonial  by  the  facult)'  to  the 
accepted  candidates. 

The  early  history  of  the  medical  schools  in  New  York  ^ 
reveals  a  state  of  discord  and  rivalship  among  the 
members  of  the  profession,'*  intensified  also  b)-  the  state  of 
political  parties  at  that  time,  which  arrested  harmonious 
and  successful  efforts  in  promoting  the  cause  of  medical 
education.  Added  to  all  this  its  municipal  authorities 
gave  no  encouragement,  as  in  Philadelphia,  either  by 
appropriation  of  funds,  or  by  grant  of  facilities  for 
anatomical  study. 


'  College  catalogue. 

»  .McNaughton's  Address. 

3  See  writings  of  Hosack,  McNaugliton,  Beck,  &c. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  4I 

During  the  last,  and  for  the  greater  part  of  the  present 
century,  students  of  medicine  in  New  Jersey  very  gcner- 
all}'  sought  instruction  in  the  Philadelphia  school,  and  to 
the  present  day  all  from  West  Jersey,  and  the  largest 
proportion  of  those  in  East  Jersey,  still  receive  their 
degrees  in  Philadelphia,  excepting  those  who  are  more 
immediately  contiguous  to  the  Hudson  river. 

In  1752,  Thomas  Wood,  surgeon,  advertised  in  a  New 
York  paper  "a  course  on  Osteology  and  Myology  in  the 
city  of  New  Brunswick,"  N.  J.,  of  about  one  month's 
continuance,  to  be  followed,  if  encouragement  was  given, 
by  a  "  course  on  Angiology  and  Neurology,"  and  conclude 
with,  performing  all   the   operations   on   the  dead  body.^ 

In  1790,  a  course  of  medical  lectures  was  given  in 
Elizabethtown,  by  Dr.  Paul  Micheau,  (see  his  memoir,) 
and  in  1795,  the  trustees  of  Princeton  College  entertaining 
the  design  of  founding  a  medical  school  in  connection 
with  that  institution,  appointed  Dr.  John  Maclean,  the 
father  of  ex-Pres.  Maclean,  to  the  professorship  of  Chem- 
istry, as  preliminary  to  a  more  complete  organization.  The 
president  of  the  College  communicated  this  action  and  its 
design  to  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  which  adopted 
a  resolution  giving  assurance  of  its  aid  and  sympathy  in 
the  measure.  The  project  failed  of  execution  at  that 
time,  and  was  again  renewed  in  1825.2  It  was  again 
arrested  by  the  death  of  Dr.  John  Van  Cleve,  on  whose 
ability  as  a  distinguished  physician,  the  College  relied  to 
carry  their  plan  into  execution.'' 

•  Toner's  Med.  Progress. 

2  History  of  the  College  by  Pres.  Maclean. 

3  The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  in  May,  1818,  appointed  a  committee  "  to 
devise  some  method  by  which  the  degree  of  Medicinal  Doctor  maybe  conferred" 
in  New  Jersey.  The  subject  was  presented  to  the  trustees  of  the  College  by  Dr. 
Vancleve,  a  trustee,  who  was  also  one  of  the  Committee  of  the  Society,  with  the 
inquiry  "whether  any  arrangement  could  be  made  by  the  Board  with  regard  to 
conferring  degrees."  A  committee  to  whom  the  subject  was  referred  reported 
April  13,  1819,  "  That,  in  their  opinion  it  would  be  inexpedient  to  enter  into  such 
an  arrangement  previous  to  the  establishment  in  the  institution  of  a  course  of 
instruction  ill  Medical  Science." — Macleans  His. 


42  HTSTOKV   OF   MEDICINE. 

MEDICAL    TROGKESS. 

In  the  earlier  da}\s  of  New  Jersey's  history,  as  in  that 
of  the  other  Colonies,  the  supply  of  their  material  wants 
claimed  the  attention  of  the  people.  As  the  population 
increased  and  the  land  was  subdued,  progress  in  wealth 
and  prosperity  fostered  adv^ancement  in  knowledge. 
Many  of  the  young  men  to  secure  a  medical  education 
sought  the  advantages  of  European  institutions  of  learn- 
ing. Those  settling  in  the  larger  cities  acquired  reputa- 
tion. It  was  in  the  centres  of  population  alone  that 
encouragements  presented  for  young  men  of  education. 
In  the  country  at  large,  sparsely^  settled  and  without 
opportunities  of  intellectual  culture,  the  physician's  call- 
ing was  a  trade,  and  those  who  pursued  it  were  of  a  low 
grade  of  literary  and  medical  culture.  Down  to  the 
middle  of  the  i8th  century,  three  institutions  had  been 
founded  for  the  higher  grades  of  learning,  viz:  Harvard 
College  in  1640,  Yale  in  1701,  and  Princeton  in  1746. 
These  were  followed  by  King's  College  in  1754,  and 
Queen's  in  1770. 

These  institutions  graduated  large  numbers  of  Ameri- 
can youth,  who  became  distinguished  as  statesmen  and 
learned  in  law,  theology  and  a  limited  few  in  medicine. 
We  date  a  positive  advance  in  medicine  in  New  Jersey 
from  the  French  and  English  war,  1758- 1766.  "  The 
Province  of  New  Jersey,  in  a  Continental  war,  dreaded 
most  an  attack  from  Canada  by  way  of  New  York."^ 
They  felt  no  apprehension  from  the  French  and  Indians 
on  the  Ohio.-*  The  people  thus  inspirited  by  fear  were 
also  roused  by  sentiments  of  patriotism.  New  Jersey 
raised  a  complement  of  one  thousand  men,  built  barracks 

•  At  the  close  of  the  17th  century,  the  population  of  New  Jersey  did  not  num- 
ber more  than  15,000. — Gordon. 
'  Gordon. 
»  Ibid. 


HISTORY   OF    MP:dICINE. 


43 


at  Buiiington,  Trenton,  New  Brunswick,  Ainboy  and 
Eliz'town,  each  for  the  accommodation  of  three  hundred 
men.  It  maintained  this  complement  for  the  years 
1758-9  and  '60 ;  and  in  the  two  succeeding  years  furnished 
six  hundred,  besides  men  and  officers  for  garrison  duty. 
By  these  measures  it  incurred  an  average  expense  of 
40,000  pounds  per  annum. ^  These  popular  measures  fur- 
nished the  school  much  needed — for  training  a  soldiery 
to  be  available  for  the  defence  of  American  liberty,  a 
decade  afterwards,  and  for  the  training  of  medical  men 
no  less.  The  physicians  who  were  commissioned  as  sur- 
geons and  surgeon's  mates,  being  brought  into  association 
with  the  British  officers,  were  led  to  know  their  inferiority, 
and  were  stimulated  to  improve  their  opportunities  of 
practice  and  of  intercourse  with  their  more  cultivated 
compeers.  The  memoirs  which  follow  furnish  abundant 
evidence  of  the  advance  of  New  Jersey  physicians  in 
medical  and  surgical  knowledge  in  this  period  of  the 
Colony's  history. ^ 

MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 
The  stimulus  to  medical  progress,  incident  to  the  con- 
quest of  Canada,  was  speedily  followed  in  New  Jersey  by 
a  measure  still  more  potent  in  its  influence — the  organi- 
zation in  1766  of  a  Medical  Society  for  the  pro\^ince.  As 
this  was  the  first  society  of  the  kind  in  the  Colonies,  and 
the  basis  upon  which  it  was  formed  is  so  honorable  to  the 
scientific  aims  and  high-toned  ethical  sentiments  of  its 
founders,  a  careful  record  of  its  institution  is  appropriate 
in  our  history.     The  original  book  of  minutes  is  still  in 


•  Gordon. 

-  "  The  war  wliicli  resulted  in  the  conquest  of  Canada,  gave  perhaps  the  first 
material  improvement  to  the  condition  of  medicine  in  America.  The  English 
army  was  accompanied  by  a  liighly  respectable  medical  staff,  most  of  whom  landed 
in  the  City  of  New  York,  and  continued  for  some  years  in  the  neighboring  terri- 
tory, affording  to  many  young  .Americans  opportunity  of  attending  militarv  hos- 
pitals and  receiving  professional  instruction." — Toner s  Med.  Progress. 


44  IIISTORV    OF   MEDICINE. 

tlic  possession  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  in 
good  preservation.^ 

The  volume,  in  its  introduction,  notices  the  low  state 
of  medicine  and  the  difficulties  and  discouragement  which 
had  opposed  its  advancement  in  dignity  and  utility  to 
the  public.  These  considerations  led  to  the  project  of 
founding  a  voluntary  association  of  the  principal  practi- 
tioners, independent,  for  the  time,  of  legislative  protec- 
tion or  interposition.  It  was  at  first  deemed  best  thus  to 
organize,  but  with  a  view  to  a  more  authoritative  estab- 
lishment in  the  future.  To  carry  out  the  purpose,  the  fol- 
lowing advertisement  was  published  in  the  A^.  V.  Mercury  : 

"  A  considerable  number  of  the  Practitioners  of  Physic  and 
Surgery,  in  East  New  Jersey,  having  agreed  to  form  a  Society  for 
their  mutual  improvement,  the  advancement  of  the  profession  and 
promotion  of  the  public  good,  and  desirous  of  extending  as  much  as 
possible  the  usefulness  of  their  scheme,  and  of  cultivating  the  utmost 
harmony  and  friendship  with  their  brethren,  hereby  request  and  invite 
veery  gentleman  of  the  profession  in  the  province,  that  may  approve 
of  their  design,  to  attend  their  first  meeting,  which  will  be  lield  at  Mr. 
Duff's,  in  the  city  of  New  Brunswick,  on  Wednesday,  the  23d  of  July, 
at  which  time  and  place  the  Constitution  and  Regulations  of  the 
Society  are  to  be  settled  and  subscribed. 

East  New  Jersey,  June  27th,  1766. 

On  the  appointed  day  sixteen  physicians  "  met  at  New 
l^runswick  and  formed  themselves  into  a  Standing  Society 
and  Voluntary  Incorporation  according  to  the  following 
plan." 

INSTRUMENTS  OF  ASSOCIATION   AND  CONSTITUTIONS 

OF    THE 

New  Jersey  Medical  Society. 
Whereas,  Medicine,  comprehending  properly  Phvsic  and   .Surgery, 
is  one  of  the  most  useful  sciences  to  mankind,  and  at  the  same  time 
the  most  difificult  to  be  fully  attained,  so  much  so  that,  indeed,  perfec- 

'  The  Society,  in  1875,  published  as  a  supplement  to  the  Transactions  of  that 
year,  the  old  transactions  froin  the  institution  of  the  Societv  to  the  close  of  the 
century. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  45 

tion  therein  is  perhaps  never  to  be  acquired,  the  longest  life  spent  in 
its  pursuit  always  finding  something  new  to  occur,  and  lamenting 
something  still  wanting  to  perfect  the  art. 

And,  as  every  means,  therefore,  that  will  tend  to  enlarge  the  stock 
of  knowledge  and  experience  of  the  pursuit  of  this  science,  should  be 
eagerly  sought  after  and  prosecuted  ;  and  whereas,  among  those 
gentlemen  of  particular  towns,  neighborhoods  or  districts,  who  have 
already  been  initiated  in  the  healing  arts  and  engaged  in  the  practice, 
nothing  seems  better  adapted  to  such  a  desirable  end  than  a  friendly 
correspondence  and  communication  of  sentiment,  especially  if  united 
in  a  well-regulated  society ;  the  improvements  of  each,  either  from 
study  or  observation,  being  by  this  method  diffused  to  many,  and  each 
member,  as  well  as  the  public,  thereby  being  essentiallv  benefited — 
exclusive  of  the  pleasures  of  social  intercourse  and  the  many  useful 
refinements  that  might  flow  from  thence.  And  whereas,  further  con- 
siderable advantages  of  societies  of  this  kind,  properlv  instituted,  might 
frequently  arise,  particularly  where  the  laws  or  custom  has  not  estab- 
lished necessary  regulations  respecting  the  admission  of  candidates, 
the  due  rewards  for  practitioners'  services,  the  maintenance  of  the 
dignity  of  the  profession,  and  the  security  of  the  public  from  imposi- 
tions and  the  like,  it  being  in  such  cases,  till  better  remedies  be  pro- 
vided, in  the  power  of  a  society,  including  the  respectable  practitioners 
of  a  city,  county,  or  larger  district,  to  do  much  for  the  advancement  of 
their  art,  and  the  interest  of  the  people  among  whom  thev  reside. 

Moved  by  sentiments  of  this  kind,  and  with  the  most  upright  and 
sincere  intention  of  promoting  the  above-mentioned  and  other  good 
purposes,  we,  the  subscribers.  Practitioners  of  Phvsic  and  Surgery  in 
New  Jersey,  now  assembled,  havk  a(;reed  to  form  ourselves,  and  do 
hereby  form  and  unite  ourselves  into  an  amicable  and  brotherly 
Society,  to  be  called  and  known  by  the  name  of  THE  New  Jersey 
Medical  Society.  And  for  the  better  carrying  our  said  good 
designs  into  execution,  have  voluntarily  and  unanimously  consented  to, 
ratified  and  confirmed  the  following  Articles  or  Laws  as  the  funda- 
mental Constitutions  of  our  Association  ;  which  Constitutions  we  do 
hereby  engage,  each  for  himself,  to  the  whole,  and  to  one  another,  as 
far  as  possible,  inevitably  to  observe  and  full)-  to  submit  to,  as  obliga- 
tory on  us. 

istly.  That  we  will  never  enter  anv  house  in  qualitv  of  our  jirofes- 
sion,  nor  undertake  any  case,  either  in  physic  or  surgery,  but  with  the 
purest  intention  of  giving  the  utmost  relief  and  assistance  that  our  art 


46  H  J  STORY    OF    MEDICINE. 

shall  enable  us,  which  we  will  diligently  and  faithfully  exert  for  that 
purpose. 

2dly.  That  we  will  at  all  times  when  desired,  be  ready  to  consult  or 
be  consulted  by  any  of  our  brethren,  in  any  case  submitted  to  us. 
And  that  in  all  cases  where  we  conceive  difficulty,  and  circumstances 
will  admit,  we  will  advise  and  recommend  such  consultation. 

3dly.  That  we  will  not  pretend  to  or  keep  secret  any  nostrum  or 
specific  medicine  of  any  kind,  as  being  inconsistent  with  the  generous 
spirit  of  the  profession,  but  will  at  all  times  be  ready  to  disclose  and 
communicate  to  any  member  of  the  Society,  any  discovery  or  improve- 
ment we  have  made  in  any  matter  respecting  the  healing  art.  Partic- 
ularly, we  each  engage  that  we  will  in  all  consultations,  openly,  freely, 
candidly  and  without  reserve,  give  to  each  other  our  sincere  opinion 
of  the  case,  and  of  the  means  we  think  most  likely  to  effect  a  cure. 

4thly.  That  we  will  on  all  occasions  treat  one  another  as  become 
the  medical  character,  and  that  each  of  us  will  respectively  do  our 
utmost  to  maintain  harmony  and  brotherly  affection  in  the  Society,  to 
promote  the  usefulness  of  it  both  to  the  profession  and  the  public,  and 
at  all  times  to  support  this  Institution  and  advance  the  dignity  of 
medicine. 

jthly.  That  as  we  have  separated  ourselves  to  an  office  of  benevo- 
lence and  charity,  we  will  always  most  readily  and  cheerfully,  w'hen 
applied  to,  assist  gratis,  by  all  means  in  our  power,  the  distressed 
poor  and  indigent  in  our  respective  neighborhoods,  who  may  have  no 
legal  maintenance  and  support  from  their  county  ;  but  where  such 
legal  provision  takes  place,  there  we  shall  expect  a  resonable  reward 
from  the  particular  town  or  county  to  which  such  poor  may  belong. 

6thly.  That  we  will  hold  meetings  twice  ever)"  year,  at  such  time 
and  place  as  the  majority  shall  determine,  at  which  meetings  all 
matters  not  hereafter  excepted  or  agreed  to,  be  otherwise  particularly 
decided,  shall  be  determined  by  a  majority  of  votes,  everv  member 
meeting  on  an  equal  footing ;  and  each  of  us  for  himself  engages 
punctually  to  attend  the  said  half-yearly  meetings,  while  he  continues 
an  inhabitant  of  this  Province,  under  the  penalty  of  three  pounds 
proclamation  money,  except  in  case  of  sickness,  or  other  reasonable 
im])ediment,  to  be  judged  and  allowed  of  by  the  Society. 

7thly.  That  as  the  widely  dispersed  situation  of  the  members  of  this 
Society  will  for  the  most  part  render  a  general  meeting  oftener  than 
twice  a  year  inconvenient,  and  yet  to  answer  its  important  purposes  a 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  47 

more  frequent  communication  seems  necessary.  To  remedy  as  much 
as  may  be  this  difficulty,  it  is  agreed,  that  such  members  of  this  body, 
whose  residence  in  respect  of  each  other  will  allow,  shall  form  them- 
selyes  into  less  Associations,  and  shall  meet  at  least  once  in  two 
months,  in  order  to  conyerse  on  some  medical  subject,  to  communi- 
cate any  particular  obseryation,  or  otherwise  to  adyance  the  general 
scheme.  And  that  each  of  these  less  Societies  shall  keep  minutes  of 
their  seyeral  proceedings,  to  be  laid  before  the  General  Society  at 
their  meetings.  And  that  eyery  of  these  smaller  Societies  shall  have 
power  to  make  such  By-Laws  for  their  own  better  order  and  regula- 
tion as  they  shall  judge  proper,  provided  they  are  in  nowise  repugnant 
to  the  General  Laws  and  Fundamentals  of  this  Society.  It  is,  never- 
theless, hereby  intended,  that  if  any  member  or  members  are  so  par- 
ticularly situated  that  he  or  they  cannot  conveniently  give  attendance  at 
any  such  smaller  Society,  in  such  case  the  said  member  or  members 
are  to  be  exempted  from  the  obligations  of  this  article,  and  are  left  to 
his  own  election  in  this  matter.  But  it  is  expected  that  such  mem- 
bers will  frequent  the  meetings  of  some  lesser  Society  as  often  as  they 
reasonably  can,  in  the  manner  of  visiting  brethren  ;  and  when  any- 
thing worthy  of  notice  occurs,  that  they  will  speedily  and  freely  com- 
municate to  one  of  the  said  Societies. 

Sthly.  That  at  the  half-yearly  or  general  meetings,  all  such  other 
laws  and  further  regulations,  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  judged 
expedient  or  necessary,  for  promoting  the  good  purposes  of  the 
Society,  shall  be  constituted  and  established  ;  and  that  the  Society 
will  then  take  into  consideration  all  such  other  matters  as  may  come 
before  them,  either  from  the  several  inferior  Societies,  (which  are  to 
be  esteemed  as  so  many  branches  of  this  body),  or  proposed  by 
individuals  in  any  other  proper  way  ;  and  will  proceed  in  such  manner 
therein,  as  they  shall  deem  most  advancive  of  the  designs  of  this 
Institution. 

9th,  loth  and  nth  sections  provide  for  the  election  of 
President,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  and  their  duties. 
1 2th  section  provides  for  extraordinary  meetings. 

I3thly.  That  any  gentleman  hereafter  desiring  to  become  a  member 
of  this  Society,  shall  at  least  one  month  before  some  general  meeting 
signify  his  intention  to  the  Secretary  for  the  time  being,  who  shall 
immediately  notify  the  same  to  the  several  members  ;  and  the  said 


48  HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 

candidate  shall,  at  the  ensuing  meeting',  be  regularly  balloted  for  by 
means  of  squares  and  triangles  or  such  other  device  as  may  be  agreed 
on  :  and  if  upon  examining  the  ballots,  it  shall  appear  that  three- 
fourths  of  the  members  present  voted  in  the  affirmative,  he  shall  be 
declared  a  member — otherwise,  not. 

I4thly.  That  this  Society  shall  not  be  dissolved  but  by  the  concur- 
rence of  seven-eighths  of  the  whole  body. 

Lastly,  this  Society  will  do  all  in  their  power  to  discourage  and 
discountenance  all  quacks,  mountebanks,  imposters,  or  other  ignorant 
pretenders  to  medicine  ;  and  will  on  no  account  support  or  patronize 
any  but  those  who  have  been  regularly  initiated  into  medicine,  either 
at  some  university,  or  under  the  direction  of  some  able  master  or 
masters,  or  who  by  the  study  of  the  theory  and  of  the  practice  of 
the  art,  have  otherwise  qualified  themselves  to  the  satisfaction  of  this 
Society  for  the  exercise  of  the  profession. 

Given  under  our  hands,  at  the  city  of  New  Brunswick,  the  twenty- 
third  day  of  July,  Anno  Domini,  1766. 

ROBT.  McKEAN,  THOS.  WIGGINS, 

CHRIS.  MANLOVE,  WILLIAM  ADAMS, 

JOHN  COCHRAN,  BERN.  BUDD, 

MOSES  BLOOMFIELD,  LAWRENCE  V.    DERVEER, 

JAMES  GILLILAND,  JOHN  GRIFFITH, 

WM.  BURNET,  ISAAC  HARRIS, 

JONA.  DAYTON,  JOSEPH  SACKETT,  Jr. 

Upon  this  basi.s  of  organization,  equal  in  the  amplitude 
of  its  aiin  to  that  of  medical  societies  of  this  day,  the 
New  Jersey  Medical  Society  was  constituted.  It  con- 
tinued to  hold  its  semi-annual  meetings  either  at  New 
Brunswick,  Prince  Town  or  Burlington  till  1775,  when  the 
war  arrested  its  meetings.  It  reassembled  in  November, 
1 78 1.  "  agreeable  to  advertisement."  At  the  succeeding 
regular  meeting  in  May,  1782,  Dr.  Beatty  made  a  report 
upon  the  "  State  of  the  Society  since  1775,"  \vhich  ^vas 
agreed  to  and  was  as  follows : 

That  with  regret  we  observe  the  vacation  of  six  years  in  the  Journal 
of  this   Society  ;    and   to  prevent  any   reflections  which  might  arise. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  49 

unfavorable  to  its  reputation  in  the  minds  of  uninformed  or  disingenu- 
ous persons,  it  is  thought  necessary  to  assign  liere  the  cause  and 
reason  of  this  suspension  in  mecHcal  erudition. 

The  war  (which  has  been  productive  of  the  happy  Revolution  in 
America)  having  claimed  the  attention  of  all  ranks  of  Freemen,  most 
of  the  members  of  this  Society  took  an  early  decided  part  in  the 
opposition  to  British  tyranny  and  oppression,  and  were  soon  engaged 
either  in  the  civil  or  military  duties  of  the  State.  Added  to  this,  the 
local  situation  of  the  war  (the  scene  of  action  being  chiefly  in  this  and 
the  adjoining  States),  rendered  an  attendance  on  the  usual  stated 
meetings,  not  only  unsafe  but  in  a  great  measure  impracticable,  from 
the  scattered  and  distant  residence  of  the  members.  Sensible,  how- 
ever, that  improvements  which  would  do  honor  to  the  most  elevated 
understandings,  are  oftentimes  hit  upon  by  men  of  more  contined 
abilities,  and  that  in  medicine,  as  well  as  in  every  other  circumstance 
of  life,  it  is  our  duty  to  avail  ourselves  as  much  as  possible  of  all  dis- 
coveries tending  to  the  common  benefit :  as  soon  as  sufficient  order 
and  harmony  was  restored  to  civil  go\'ernment  and  society,  a  conven- 
ing of  the  members  was  deemed  necessary  and  proper ;  as  well  to 
re-establish  it  upon  its  former  liberal  and  reputable  principles,  as  to 
place  it  under  the  patronage  of  the  Authority  of  the  State. 

The  meetings  were  now  sustained  with  regularity  and 
an  evidently  increasing  interest  among  its  members  till 
1795.  Ninety-one  had  been  enrolled  as  members  since 
its  organization.  From  this  latter  date  to  1807  there  was 
a  suspension  of  its  sessions.  The  cause  is  to  be  found 
not  in  a  waning  interest  in  medical  associations,  but 
rather  in  a  too  great  and  not  well  regulated  ardor  in  the 
same.  A  new  society  was  organized  in  East  Jersey  in 
1790,  known  as  the  '•  Medical  Society  of  the  Eastern 
District  of  New  Jersey."  The  effort  to  establish  it  is 
noticed  with  reprehension  in  the  Minutes  of  the  New 
Jersey  Medical  Society  as  follows:  "  It  being  represented 
that  Dr.  Micheau  has  taken  an  active  part  in  originating 
and  establishing  a  Society  in  the  County  of  Essex,  new 
and    independent    of    this    corporation,    and    the    Board 


50  HISTORY   OF    MEDICINE. 

deeming  his  conduct  as  a  member  of  this  Society  very 
reprehensible — Ordered,  that  the  Secretary  write  to  Dr. 
Micheau  and  enclose  him  a  copy  of  this  minute,  and 
require  his  attendance  at  the  next  stated  meeting  to 
answer  in  the  premises." 

Dr.  Micheau,  the  originator  of  the  enterprise,  was  a 
well  educated  physician  in  Elizabethtown,  of  high  social 
position  and  of  considerable  influence.  We  infer  from 
his  record  that  he  w^as  self-confident  and  endowed  with 
those  elements  of  character  which  prompted  him  to 
leadership  and  prominence.  He  succeeded  in  organizing 
an  efficient  Society  in  East  Jersey. ^  The  injurious  effect 
upon  the  old  Society,  and  which  it  feared,  was  soon 
made  manifest.  Though  constituted  by  members  from 
all  parts  of  the  State,  in  its  practical  working  only  one- 
sixth  were  from  West  Jersey.  Of  that  small  number, 
not  one-half  attended  its  meetings  with  sufficient  regu- 
larity to  be  relied  upon.  Of  those  usually  in  attendance, 
a  majority  were  from  Essex  County,  and  the  Counties 
contiguous.  A  new  society  in  East  Jersey,  independent 
of  the  original  Society,  would  deprive  the  latter  of  the 
sympathy  and  co-operation  of  its  members.  The  move- 
ment was  therefore  viewed  as  injurious  to  its  prosperity. 
This  was  the  result.  During  the  suspension  of  the  meet- 
ings of  the  old  Society,  those  of  the  new  were  well 
maintained,  and  were  perhaps  as  promotive  of  the  pro- 
gress of  medicine  as  those  of  the  original  organization. 
The  enthusiasm  of  the  members  of  the  PLastern  District 
soon  burned  out,  and  in  1807  the  Medical  Society  of 
New  Jersey  resumed   its  functions   under   its  charter   of 


'  Dr.  Clark,  in  his  history  of  the  medical  men  of  Essex  County,  commits  an 
error  in  saying  that  Dr.  Micheau  first  suggested  the  formation  of  the  Esse.x 
District  Society.  That  Society  was  organized  in  1816,  in  accordance  with  an  act 
of  the  legislature,  passed  twenty-si.\  years  after  the  formation  of  the  Society  for 
the  Eastern  District. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  5  I 

1790.     An  act   to  ratify  and   confirm  its  proceedings  was 
passed  by  the  legislature,  at  its  session,  Dec.  i,  1807. 

FIRST    MEDICAL   SOCIETIES. 

New  Jersey  claims  the  honor  of  founding  the  first 
Provincial  or  State  Medical  Society  in  America.  In  the 
scope  of  its  functions,  it  is  eminently  creditable  to  our 
New  Jersey  medical  fathers  and  a  great  advance  upon 
any  enterprise  of  the  kind  which  preceded  it.  It  was  not 
the  first  association  of  American  physicians  for  mutual 
improvement,  as  will  appear  from  the  following  facts : 

Dr.  Douglass,  of  Boston,  who  wrote  upon  the  "  Throat 
Distemper"  in  1736,  addressed  his  paper  "to  a  Medical 
Society  in  Boston."  If  he  had  used  the  definite  article, 
we  might  infer  that  he  used  the  term  Society  in  the  sense 
of  Comnmnity.  We  infer  from  his  language  that  there 
was  some  form  of  association  among  his  compeers. 
Douglass,  Boylston  and  some  of  the  clergy  there  were  as 
zealous  in  the  pursuit  of  medical  knowledge,  as  those  of 
a  later  date.  We  have  not  found  any  farther  record  or 
testimony  concerning  this  association. 

In  the  library  of  the  N.  Y.  Academy  of  Medicine, — to 
which,  by  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  S.  S.  Purple,  the  accom- 
plished President  of  the  Academy,  we  have  had  access, 
as  also  to  his  valuable  private  collection  of  books  and 
manuscripts, — ^we  find  a  manuscript  with  the  following 
title  :  "  An  ESSAY  on  the  nature  of  y^  malignant  Pleurisy 
that  proved  so  remarkably  fatal  to  the  Inhabitants  of 
Huntington,  Long  Island,  and  some  other  places  on  Long 
Island  :  in  the  winter  of  the  year  1749.  Drawn  up  at  the 
request  of  a  Weekly  Society  of  Gentlemen  in  New  York, 
and  addressed  to  them  at  one  of  their  meetings,"  by  Dr. 
Jno.  Bard,  New  York,  1749.  In  the  text,  the  author 
describes  the  disease  as  "  now  prevailing." 


52  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

Dr.  Peter  Middlcton,  in  his  "  Introductory  Lecture  at 
the  opening  of  the  Medical  School  in  King's  College," 
Nov.  1769,  notices  the  "institution  of  Societies,"  or 
*'  well  regulated  Associations  of  Gentlemen  "  for  promo- 
ting the  honor  of  the  Profession,  and  remarks,  "And 
permit  me  to  add  as  one  of  the  many  instances  of  the 
utility  of  these  societies,  that  whatever  merit  there  is  in 
the  present  Institution,  it  was  first  planned  and  con- 
cluded upon  in  a  Medical  Society  now  subsisting  in 
this  place  ;  and  MAY  IT  LONG  SUBSIST." 

In  the  same  librar)'  is  a  book  of  minutes  (manuscript) 
entitled.  "  Minutes  of  the  Aledical  Society  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  from  Nov.  14,  1794  to  July  8,  1806."  Its 
record  opens  thus, — "  A  number  of  INIedical  Gentlemen 
wishing  to  associate  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  friendly 
professional  intercourse,  determined  to  meet  at  the  City 
Hall,  on  the  evening  of  Nov.  14,  1794,  when  there  ap- 
peared,"— here  follows  the  names  of  eighteen  physicians, 
the  list  including  those  of  the  distinguished  medical  men 
of  that  date.  The  record  proceeds, — "After  some  conver- 
sation on  the  subject  of  the  meeting,  it  was  unanimously 
resolved  that  the  present  associates  will,  on  the  dissolution 
of  the  Society  known  by  the  name  of  the  "  IMedical 
Society,"  form  themselves  into  a  Society  by  the  name 
and  style  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  and  that  they  will  use  the  seal  of  the  same." 

F"rom  the  foregoing  records  it  appears  that  a  Society 
existed  in  1749;  noticed  by  Middleton  as  "subsisting" 
in  1769.  which  in  1794  was  merged  into  another,  the 
latter  adopting  its  scnl.^ 

This  Society  of    1794  was   in    1806    merged    into    the 


'  The  title  of  the  new  socieiy,  tlio'  a  broad  one,  does  not  indicate  the  formation 
of  tlie  State  Medical  Society  of  New  York,  which  was  organized  by  Act  of  the 
Legislature  in  1807,  upon  the  basis  of  delegation. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  53 

Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  New  York,  the  legiti- 
mate descendant  of  an  organized  "  Society  of  Gentlemen," 
to  whom  Dr.  Bard  read  his  paper  in  1749. 

A  Medical  Society  was  formed  in  Philadelphia  by  Dr. 
John  Morgan,  soon  after  his  return  from  Europe  in  1765. 
Its  records  are  not  preserved,  and  nothing  definite,  so  far 
as  we  have  been  able  to  discover,  is  known  of  the  date  of 
its  formation,  or  its  basis  of  organization.  From  a  notice 
of  it  in  Carson's  history  of  the  University  of  Penns}lvania, 
(^Appendix  p.  221,1  it  seems  to  have  been  a  junto  formed 
to  promote  social  intercourse  and  mutual  improvement, 
the  meetings  being  held  in  the  parlors  of  its  members. 
The  only  allusion  to  it  which  is  made  by  Carson,  is  as 
follows  :  "  The  first  society  established  in  Philadelphia 
originated  with  Dr.  Morgan  and  a  number  of  other 
practitioners.  ^  *  ^  It  was  called  the  "  Philadelphia 
Medical  Society."  To  this  Association  reference  must 
have  been  made  by  Dr.  Rush,  while  in  England,  in  a 
letter  to  Dr.  Morgan,  in  1768,  when  he  says: — "  By  means 
of  Dr.  Huck's  and  Dr.  Franklin's  friends,  I  have  been 
introduced  to  Sir  John  Pringle,  and  have  the  honor  of 
belonging  to  a  Medical  Society  which  meets  every  Wed- 
nesday evening,  at  his  house.  The  plan  of  it  is  not 
unlike  the  Medical  Society  you  have  established  in  Phila- 
delphia. It  consists  of  only  eight  or  ten  who  are  all  Sir 
John's   particular  friends." 

In  "  Rush's  Pringle,"  p.  303,  ed.  1812,  he  says  that  Sir 
John  "  did  him  the  honor  to  admit  him  when  a  student 
of  medicine  to  a  conversation  party  held  at  his  house 
once  a  week,  where  he  met  a  number  of  the  most  respect- 
able physicians  of  London,  and  from  which  he  derived 
botli  pleasure  and  instruction."  This  junto  did  not 
survive  the  Revolution.  After  the  War.  about  1783,  the 
American  Medical  Societ}-  was  formed  in   the  same  City. 


54  HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 

The  College  of  Physicians  was  organized  in  1787,  and  the 
Philadelphia  Medical  Society  in  1789.^ 

LEGISLATION. 

The  early  history  of  the  American  Colonies  furnish 
little  evidence  of  protection  by  law  to  medical  men,  or  of 
the  regulation  of  the  practice  of  the  healing  art  for  the 
preservation  of  the  health  and  lives  of  the  people  from 
the  malpractice  of  pretenders.  In  1636,  "An  act  for 
regulating  the  fees  and  Accounts  of  the  Practicers  of 
Phisic,"  was  passed  by  the  Virgihia  Assembly.  This  act 
provides  that  charges  shall  be  made  according  to  a  fee 
bill.  One  rate  is  allowed  for  "  Surgeons  and  Apotheca- 
ries who  have  served  an  apprenticeship  to  those  trades," 
and  a  higher  rate  to  "  to  those  persons  who  have  studied 
ph)-sic  in  an\'  university,  and  taken  any  degree  therein." 
To  the  former  was  allowed,  for  every  visit  and  prescrip- 
tion in  town,  or  within  five  miles,  5s.  ; — To  the  latter,  for 
the  same  service,  los.^  In  1643,  the  extortionate  fees  of 
physicians  being  made  a  subject  of  complaint,  in  the  same 
Province,  an  act  was  adopted  compelling  them,  if  required 
by  the  debtor,  to  state  the  cost  of  their  medicines,  under 
oath.^  In  1662,  "Avaricious  and  griping  practitioners  in 
physic  and  chirurgery,"  in  Virginia,  being  still  subjects  of 
legislation,"  the  courts  were  ''  authorized  to  examine 
them  under  oath,  and  to  cut  down  their  bills."* 

These  acts  are,  as  to  time,  much  in  advance  of  any  in 
the  more  Northern  Colonies.  Upon  the  grant  made  by 
Charles  II.  to  the  Duke  of  York,  in  1664,  the  latter 
promulgated    in    1665    a    code,    known    as   the    "  Duke's 


>  Carson. 

''  Compendium  of  Medical  Science,  Jan.  \i 
3  Hildreth's  Hist,  of  U.  S. 
'  Ibid. 


HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE.  55 

Laws."  One  of  these  provided  that  chirurgeons  and 
physicians  were  not  to  presume  to  exercise  any  force, 
violence  or  cruelty  upon  the  bodies  of  young  or  old,  or 
"  to  put  forth  any  act  contrary  to  the  known  approved 
rules  of  art  in  each  mystery  or  occupation  "  without  the 
advice  and  counsel  of  such  as  are  skilled  in  the  same  art, 
if  such  may  be  had,  or  at  least  of  "  some  of  the  wisest 
and  gravest  of  those  present,"  and  the  consent  of  the 
patient  if  he  can  give  it  :  a  law  however  not  intended 
to  discourage  any  from  all  "lawful  use  of  their  skill,"  but 
merely  "  to  inhibit  and  restrain  the  presumptuous  arro- 
gancy  of  such  as  through  confidence  in  their  skill,  dare 
boldly  attempt  violence  to  the  prejudice  and  hazard  of 
life  and  limb."^  A  law  similar  to  this  was  enacted  in  the 
Colony  of  Massachusetts,  in  1649.^ 

As  New  Jersey  was  a  part  of  the  Duke's  domain,  this 
is  its  first  law  relating  to  medical  practice.  At  that  early 
date,  however,  it  was  a  wilderness,  no  part  of  it  being 
occupied  by  Europeans,  except  the  limited  portions  held 
by  the  few  Dutch  and  Swedish  settlers.  No  legislation 
was  had  in  the  Province  till  after  the  formation  of  the 
New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  in  1766.  In  1771  the 
Society  petitioned  the  Assembly  for  an  act  "  regulating 
the  practice  of  medicine,"  and  resolved  ''  that  the 
members  of  the  Society  get  petitions  signed  by  the 
respectable  inhabitants  of  their  neighborhoods,"  and 
send  them  to  the  care  of  the  committee  of  the  Society 
charged  with  the  prosecution  of  the  measure  before  the 
Legislature.  In  September,  1772,  the  Act  was  adopted. 
(See  appendix  F.)  It  was  probably  framed  under  the 
supervision   of  Drs.  Cochran    and    Bloomfield,  who  were 

'  Ilildreth. 
'■'   Toner. 


56  HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE. 

the  committee  of  the  Society  to  secure  its  passage.  It 
provided  for  the  licensing  of  physicians  by  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  after  an  examination  before  a  board  of 
medical  men,'  who  were  usually  appointed  by  the 
Medical  Society.  Its  effect  upon  the  profession  was 
immediate.  It  raised  the  standard  of  attainment,  and 
thus  stimulated  students  to  careful  study,  and  to  improve 
the  opportunities  which  were  now  beginning  to  offer 
themselves  to  students  in  medicine.  One  year  after  the 
passage  of  this  act,  the  propriety  of  obtaining  a  charter 
of  incorporation  of  the  Medical  Society  became  a  subject 
of  discussion.  In  1774  it  resolved  unanimously  to  "carry 
the  design  into  execution  in  the  most  ample  and  expedi- 
tious way."  The  measure  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  a 
committee,  but  the  distracting  events  of  the  war  arrested 
further  action.  After  the  war  the  project  was  renewed, 
and  in  1790  the  first  Charter  of  the  Society  was  obtained, 
(See  Appendix  G.)  constituting  the  members  named 
therein,  to  the  number  of  fifty,  to  be  a  body  politic  and 
corporate,  for  the  term  of  twenty-five  years.      Expiring  in 

181 5,  a  new  act  was  passed  the  next  year,  to  which  a 
supplement  was  obtained  in  February,  18 18,  constituting 
the  Society  upon  its  present  basis  of  delegation  from  the 
District  Societies. 

The  title  of  the  Society  adopted  by  its  founders  was 
the  "  New  Jersey  Medical  Society."  The  act  of  1790 
changed  it  to  the  "  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey."  By 
the  act  of  1816  it  was  named  the  "  Medical  Society  of  the 
State   of  New   Jersey."     The   supplement  to   the  act  of 

1 8 16,  which  was  passed  in  181 8,  restored  the  title  to  that 
of  the  act  of  1790.  which  has  continued  to  the  present 
time. 


>  A  similar  act  liad  been  passeii  in  the  Province  of  New  York  in  1760. 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE. 


3/ 


OBSTETRICS. 
Midwifery  as  an  art  and  science  received  no  attention 
from  the  people,  or  from  medical  men  either  in  Europe 
or  the  Colonies,  till  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 
The  practice  was  exclusiveh'  in  the  hands  of  women,  "  who 
were  usually  conceited  in  proportion  to  their  ignorance. ^ 
The  first  instruction  given  at  a  medical  school  was  in  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  in  1726.  A  professorship  was 
then  founded,  Mr.  Jos.  Gibson  being  appointed  to  the 
chair.  He  confined  his  instructions  solely  to  the  mid- 
wives.  The  profession  of  an  accoucheur  was  esteemed 
very  unbecoming  a  gentleman,  and  it  was  only  in  the 
most  extreme  cases  that  his  advice  or  aid  was  sought. ^ 
Midwifery  was  not  recognized  as  belonging  to  the  duties 
of  a  regular  practitioner.  Dr.  Smellie,  who  afterwards 
contributed  so  much  to  improve  and  perfect  it,  at  the 
commencement  of  his  career  united  the  occupation  of 
cloth  merchant  and  practitioner  of  midwifery  at  Lanark. ^ 
It  was  not  till  1756,  that  instruction  was  given  by  Thomas 
Young  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh  to  a  class  of 
medical  students.  Its  theory  and  practice  had  now  begun 
to  assume  a  more  regular  and  scientific  form.  Smellie 
has  the  credit  of  first  instituting  observations  upon  the 
anatomical  structure,  in  its  intricate  relations  of  one  part 
to  another,  and  to  the  foetus.  He  was  the  first  writer 
who  considered  the  shape  and  size  of  the  female  pelvis, 
as  adapted  to  the  head  of  the  fcetus,  and  pointed  out 
the  whole  process  of  parturition.  He  abolished  many 
superstitious  notions  and  erroneous  customs  that  pre- 
vailed in  the  management  of  women  in  labor,  and  of 
children.      He  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  most  of 


'  Carson. 

-  Carson's  History. 

■■'  Ibid. 


58  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

his  maxims  adopted  in  the  greater  part  of  Europe.  He 
was  the  author  of  many  valuable  principles  in  the  practice 
of  the  obstetric  art,  and  contributed  materially  to  the 
mechanical  improvement  of  the  instruments  used  to  facil- 
itate labor  in  difficult  cases.  He  published  his  treatise 
upon  the  subject  in  1752.1 

An  opinion  had  very  generally  prevailed,  from  the  time 
of  Hippocrates,  that  the  foetus  in  utero  is  in  a  sitting 
posture,  and  that  about  the  eighth  month,  or  at  the 
commencement  of  labor  as  some  taught,  the  head  is 
forced  down  by  the  contractions  of  the  uterus.  Smellie 
observed  that  at  whatever  period  the  foetus  was  expelled, 
it  generally  came  head  first.  He  was  thus  induced  to 
consider  it  the  natural  position.  His  opinion  was  con- 
firmed by  dissections  by  Hunter,  of  women  who  had  died 
in  different  stages  of  pregnanc)\2 

Van  Swieten  quotes  several  authors  who  advised  lying- 
in  women  to  keep  their  beds  till  the  loth  or  12th  day 
after  parturition,  and  this  was  frequently  done  without 
chaneingr  their  bed  linen.  The  children  were  also  at  first 
encased  from  head  to  foot,  so  as  to  be  totally  deprived  of 
the  use  of  their  limbs. -^ 

The  first  record  we  find  of  a  man  midwife  in  the  Colo- 
nies is  in  a  notice  of  Jul}-  22,  1745,  of  the  death  of  a 
physician  in  New  York,  which  reads.  "  Last  night,  died 
in  the  prime  of  life,  to  the  almost  universal  regret  and 
sorrow  of  this  city,  Mr.  John  Dupuy,  M.  D.,  and  man 
midwife,  in  which  last  character  it  may  truly  be  said  as 
David  did  of  Goliah's  sword,  there  is  none  like  him."^  A 
notice  of  "  Ancient   Manners  and  Customs  "   in  the  same 


'  Miller's  Retrospect. 

2  Ibid. 

■■>  Ibid. 

*  Valentine's  Manual. 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE.  59 

work,  records  that  "before  the  revolution,  Dr.  Atwood  is 
remembered  as  the  first  Dr.  who  had  the  hardihood  to 
proclaim  himself  as  a  man  midwife :  it  was  deemed  a 
scandal  to  some  delicate  ears,  and  Mrs.  Grany  Brown, 
with  her  fees  of  two  and  three  dollars,  Avas  still  deemed 
the  choice  of  all  who  thought  women  should  be  modest." 
These  notices  indicate  that  at  this  period  an  inroad  was 
being  made  upon  the  ignorant  prejudices  of  the  people. 
It  is  noticeable  too,  that  the  names  of  neither  of  the 
medical  men  named,  one  of  them  honored  by  a  degree  in 
medicine,  are  associated  in  other  professional  relations 
with  cotemporary  physicians  whose  names  have  come 
down  to  us  as  distinguished  in  their  day.  Like  the  early 
obstetricians  of  England,  they  were  not  recognized  as  the 
peers  of  the  regular  physicians.  Toner,  in  his  Annals  of 
Medical  Progress,  notices  Dr.  John  Moultrie,  of  South 
Carolina,  as  a  popular  obstetrician  and  physician  who 
practised  between  1733  and  1773. 

Dr.  William  Shippen  was  the  first  public  teacher  of 
midwifery  in  this  country.  While  pursuing  his  studies  in 
Edinburgh,  he  gave  much  attention  to  the  obstetrical  art 
and  gave  evidence  of  his  interest  in  it  by  his  thesis, 
"  De  Placentae  cum  utero  nexu."  His  first  course  was 
delivered  in  1762.1  Dr.  John  V.  B.  Tennent,  a  native  of 
New  Jersey,'  gave  instruction  about  the  same  time  in  New 
York.  It  was  due  to  the  efforts  of  Shippen  and  Tennent 
that  midwifery  began  to  assume  its  status  as  a  science,  and 
began  to  be  taught  as  a  regular  branch  of  medical  educa- 


'  Francis'  Denman. 

*  He  was  son  of  Rev.  William  Tennent,  of  Freehold  ;  graduated  at  I'rinccton 
College,  1758;  pursued  his  medical  studies  at  Edinburgh,  and  like,  Shippen,  was 
attracted  to  the  study  of  obstetrics.  While  in  London  he  was  made  a  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  Society.  He  died  at  an  early  age  in  the  West  Indies,  whither  he  had 
gone  for  the  benefit  of  his  health. — Francis   Dciitiuiii. 


6o  HISTORY   OF    MEDICINE. 

tion.'     The  former  published  in  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette, 
Jan.  1.   1765.  the  following  advertisement:^ 

"  Dr.  Shippen,  Jr.,  having  been  lately  called  to  the  assistance  of  a 
number  of  women  in  the  country  in  difficult  labors,  most  of  which 
were  made  so  by  the  unskilful  old  women  about  them  :  the  poor 
women  having-  suffered  extremely,  and  their  innocent  little  ones  being 
entirely  destroyed,  whose  lives  might  have  been  easily  saved  by  proper 
management :  and  being  informed  of  several  desperate  cases  in  the 
different  neighborhoods  which  had  proved  fatal  to  the  mothers  as  well 
as  to  their  infants,  and  were  attended  with  the  most  painful  circum- 
stances, too  dismal  to  be  related  !  He  thought  it  his  duty  immediately 
to  begin  his  intended  Courses  in  Midwifery,  and  has  prepared  a  proper 
apparatus  for  that  purpose,  in  order  to  instruct  those  women  who 
have  virtue  enough  to  own  their  ignorance  and  apply  for  instruction, 
as  well  as  those  young  gentlemen  now  engaged  in  the  study  of  that 
useful  and  necessary  branch  of  surger)-,  who  are  taking  pains  to  qualify 
themselves  to  practice  in  different  parts  of  the  country  with  safety  and 
advantage  to  their  fellow  citizens." 

He  also  provided  "  convenient  lodgings"  for  the  accom- 
modation of  a  few  poor  women,  which  was  practically  a 
school,  or  hospital  for  lying-in  women.  Shippen  by  his 
intelligent  and  persistent  measures  was  successful  in 
elevating  the  art  of  midwifery  and  demonstrating  its 
importance  in  its  scientific  relations  to  medicine.  Its 
study  was  associated  \\ith  the  chair  of  Anatomy,  and 
taught  by  Shippen,  while  he  was  the  incumbent  of  that 
chair  in  the  Medical  School.  It  continued  in  this  rela- 
tion till  1 8 10,  when  a  professorship  of  midwifery  was 
instituted,  and  became  henceforth  one  of  the  regular 
departments  of  the  Philadelphia  School. 

The  Medical  School  in  New  York,  which  was  founded 
two  years  after  the  School  in  Philadelphia,  established 
from  the  first  a  professorship  of   midwifery,  and  elected 


'  Hosack.     Carson. 
'  Carson. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  6l 

Dr.  Jno.  V.  B.  Tennent   to   the  chair.     He  died  in  1770, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Samuel  Bard. 

SYSTEMS   OF   MEDICINE. 

The  doctrines  which  in  the  earliest  settlement  of  the 
country  governed  medical  practice  were  those  taught  by 
Sydenham.  These  gave  place  to  the  advanced  principles 
and  maxims  of  the  distinguished  Boerhaave.  He  was 
appointed  a  lecturer  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  at 
Leyden,  in  i/Oi,  at  the  age  of  33.  By  his  attainments 
and  his  facility  of  communicating  knowledge,  he  gave  a 
reputation  to  the  Leyden  School  enjoyed  by  none  other 
in  Europe.  He  lived  to  see  his  system  universally 
adopted.  He  died  in  1738.  Rush^  says,  that  in  1760 
"  the  system  of  Boerhaave  governed  the  practice  of  every 
physician  in  Philadelphia.  ""  *  *  Diseases  were  ascribed 
to  morbid  acrimonies,  and  other  matters  in  the  blood, 
•/:  *  r-  medicines  were  prescribed  to  these  and  to  incras- 
sate  the  blood,  and  diet  drinks  were  administered  in  great 
quantities,  in  order  to  alter  the  qualities.  Great  reliance 
was  placed  upon  the  powers  of  nature,  and  critical  days 
were  expected  with  solicitude,  in  order  to  observe  the 
discharge  of  the  morbid  cause  of  fevers  from  the  system. 
This  matter  was  looked  for  chiefly  in  the  urine,  and 
glasses  to  retain  it  were  a  necessary  part  of  the  furniture 
of  every  sick  room.  To  insure  the  discharge  of  the 
morbid  matter  of  fevers  through  the  pores,  patients 
were  confined  to  their  beds,  and  fresh  and  even 
cool  air  often  excluded  by  close  doors  and  curtains." 
Bloodletting  in  pleurisies,  rheumatisms  and  inflamma- 
.tions,  with  blisters  ;  purges  and  vomits  in  febrile  diseases, 
were  the  physicians'  resources  in  combating  his  cases. 
Bark  was   freely  used   in    intermittents,    notwithstanding 

'  Inquries,  vol.  ii. 


62  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

the  popular  belief  that  "it  lay  in  their  bones."  Mercury- 
was  in  general  use,  though  not  for  the  production  of  the 
excessive  salivary  discharges  which  became  popular  in 
the  early  part  of  the  present  century. 

The  system  of  Boerhaave  was  followed  by  that  of  Cullen. 
He  lectured  on  the  theory  and  practice  of  medicine  in 
the  University  of  Edinburgh,  from  1766  to  1773/  in  which 
lectures  he  combated  the  humoral  pathology  of  Boerhaave 
with  success,  and  in  1783  published  his  first  edition  of  his 
"  First  Lines  of  the  Practice  of  Physic."  In  his  introduc- 
tion he  writes,  "  When  I  first  applied  to  the  study  of 
physic,  I  learned  only  the  system  of  Boerhaave,  and  even 
when  I  came  to  take  a  professor's  chair  in  this  Univer- 
sity, (Edinburgh)  I  found  that  system  here  in  its  entire 
and  full  force,  and,  as  I  believe,  it  still  subsists  in  credit, 
and  that  no  other  system  has  been  offered  to  the  world, 
I  think  it  necessary  for  me  to  point  out  the  imperfections 
and  inconsistencies  of  the  system."  Cullen's  doctrines 
were  accepted  in  this  country,  and  his  work  became  the 
general  text-book  on  practice  for  the  remainder  of  the 
century. 

The  Anatomy  of  Cowper,  Kiel,  Douglass,  Cheselden, 
Munro  and  Winslow ;  the  Surgery  of  Heister,  Sharp,  Le 
Dran  and  Pott  ;  the  Midwifery  of  Smellie  and  Hunter, 
and  tlie  Materia  Medica  of  Lewis  were  in  general  use  from 
about  the  middle  to  the  close  of  the  century. 2 

During  the  last  century,  Medicine  in  America  made 
great  progress.  Its  medical  thinkers  were  to  a  striking 
degree  independent  of  the  doctrine  and  authorities  of  the 


1  Am.  Cyclopedia. 

[Cullen  was  the  first  teacher  in  medicine  who,  in  the  delivery  of  his  lectures,' 
substituted  the  vernacular  English  for  the  Latin,  which  before  that  was  everywhere 
the  canonical  language  of  science.  From  this  time,  1746,  the  use  of  the  Latin  was 
gradually  abandoned.] — Carson's  His.,  &>c. 

'  Beck's  History. 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE.  63 

old  world.  Many  of  the  medical  men,  tho'  trained  in 
European  Institutions,  were  untrammeled  by  their  educa- 
tion in  their  conception  and  treatment  of  diseases,  and 
were  distinguished  by  free  inquiry  and  bold  and  success- 
ful innovation.^  They  are  entitled  to  the  credit  of 
instituting  "  a  more  simple  and  correct  doctrine  concern- 
ing the  radical  and  universal  relation  of  diseases,  more 
just,  accurate  and  consistent  opinions  concerning  the 
origin  and  causes  of  epidemics  and  pestilential  diseases, 
and  more  correct  principles  on  the  subject  of  quarantine." 
The  same  writer  justly  observes,  that  Dr.  Rush  "  for  a 
long  period  after  the  commencement  of  his  course  of 
instruction,  did  more  than  all  other  physicians  collect- 
ively, to  diffuse  a  taste  for  medical  inquiries  and  to  excite 
a  spirit  of  observation  among  the  students  of  medicine  in 
our  country." 

MILITARY   HOSPITALS. 

After  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  and  the  subsequent 
occupation  of  New  York  by  the  British,  the  field  of 
military  operations  was  transferred  from  the  east  to  the 
west  side  of  the  Hudson  river.  A  general  hospital  had 
been  established  in  the  neighborhood  of  New  York,  which 
was  transferred  to  Hackensack.  Soon  after  this,  in 
October  9,  1776,  Congress  resolved  that  William  Shippen, 
Esq.,  provide  and  superintend  a  hospital  for  the  army  in 
New  Jersey.  That  each  of  the  hospitals  in  New  Jersey 
and  elsewhere  be  supplied  by  the  respective  Directors 
with  such  a  number  of  surgeons,  apothecaries,  surgeons' 
mates,  and  other  assistants  :  and  also  such  quantities  of 
medicines,  bedding,  and  other  necessaries  as  they  shall 
judge  expedient.      Weekly  returns  to  be  made  to  Congress 


'  Miller's  Retrospect. 


64  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

and  to  the  Commander-in-chief,  of  the  officers  and 
assistants  of  each  denomination  :  and  nunfber  of  sick  and 
deceased  in  hospitals.  Regimental  surgeons  were  directed 
to  send  to  the  general  hospital  such  officers  and  soldiers 
of  their  regiments  as  require  nursing  or  constant  attend- 
ance, and  to  apply  to  the  Quartermaster  General  for 
convenient  wagons,  and  also  to  apply  to  the  Directors  in 
their  respective  departments  for  medicines  and  other 
necessaries.  The  commanding  officer  of  each  regiment 
was  required,  once  a  week,  to  send  a  commissioned  officer 
to  visit  the  sick  of  his  regiment  in  the  general  hospital, 
and  report  their  state  to  him,i 

Congress  had  ordered  in  July,  1776,-  the  number  of 
hospital  surgeons  and  mates  to  be  increased  in  proportion 
to  the  augmentation  of  the  army,  not  exceeding  one 
surgeon  and  five  mates  to  every  5,000  men.  The  pay  of 
hospital  surgeons  to  be  "  one  dollar  and  two-thirds  of  a 
dollar  by  the  day."  Hospital  apothecaries  same  pay  as 
surgeons.  Hospital  surgeons  and  mates  to  take  rank 
with  regimental  surgeons  and  mates. 

Hospitals  were  established  at  Amboy,  Elizabethtown, 
Fort  Lee,  New  Brunswick,  Trenton  and  Newark.  The 
following  return  is  from  the  American  Archives: — 

Amboy,  i  Nov.,  1776. 

"Df.arSir: — Enclosed  is  a  return  of  the  sick  in  my  hospital. 
Besides  these  there  are  in  each  regiment  a  number  called  sick,  that 
are  not  proper  subjects  for  the  hospital,  and  under  the  care  of  regi- 
mental surgeons,  though  there  are  no  regimental  hospitals.  This  will 
account  for  the  difference  between  the  no.  of  sick  in  Col.  Griffins 
return  and  mine.  Your  obt.  Serv't, 

WILLIAM  SHIPPEN,  D.  H.,  &c." 
To  Richard  Peters. 

"  A  return  of  the  sick  in  the  hospitals  of  the  flying  Camp  and  Jersey 
Militia  : 


'  American  Archives. 
'  American  Archives. 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE.  65 

At  Amboy. — Two  Hospitals. — -Sick,  90  ;  wounded,  7  ;  total,  97. 
At  Elizabethtown. — Sick,    54;  wounded,  3  ;  sick  from  Canada,  25  ; 

total,  82. 
At   Fort  Lee. — Sick  of  our  own,  73  ;  wounded,  9  ;  distressed  New 

England  troops,  19;  total,  93. 
Brunswick, — Sick,  10  ;  total,  10. 
Trenton. — Sick,  56  ;     do.     56. 
Amount  of  whole,  338. 

Dr.  Shippen  also  writes  that  he  "  has  not  taken  charge 
of  near  2,000  that  are  scattered  up  and  down  the  country 
in  cold  barns,  and  \vho  suffer  exceedingly  for  want  of 
comfortable  apartments,  because  Dr.  Morgan^  does  not 
understand  the  meaning  of  the  Hon.  Congress,  in  their 
late  resolve,  and  believing  yet  they  are  to  be  under  his 
direction,  although  they  are  on  this  side  of  the  Hudson's 
River.  He  is  now  gone  over  to  take  Gen.  Washington's 
opinion.  As  soon  as  I  receive  the  General's  orders  on 
the  subject,  I  shall  exert  my  best  abilities,  &c." 

The  following  extract,  including  a  letter  from  Dr. 
William  Burnet,  is  found  in  Dr.  John  Morgan's  vindica- 
tion of  his  official  and  professional  conduct  while  Director 
General  of  the  Continental  Army.  It  is  interesting  in 
itself  and  exhibits  the  hospital  arrangements  in  Newark, 
in  or  about  September,  1776.2  "  Thus  were  my  exertions 
for  taking  care  of  the  sick  on  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson 
River  crowned  with  the  most  abundant  success.  I  had 
been  no  less  careful  to  make  the  best  provision  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  sick  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Hudson  River.     I   am  now  to   prove  this,  which   I  shall 


>  A  controversy  existed  at  this  time  between  Dr.  Morgan,  Director  Gen'l, 
appointed  July,  1776,  and  Shippen,  who,  in  the  October  following  was  made 
Director  of  Hospitals  for  the  Flying  Camp  and  New  Jersey  Militia.  The  subject 
is  treated  at  length  by  Dr.  Toner,  in  his  "  Medical  Men  of  the  Revolution,"  who 
shows  that  the  differences  grew  out  of  the  difficulties  which  beset  the  Congress  in 
their  new  work  of  organizing  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army,  and  which 
reflected  no  dishonpr  upon  either  of  those  distinguished  medical  men. 

»  From  MSS.  notes  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Toner. 


66  HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 

do  on  the  authorit}'  of  competent  witnesses,  and  proceed 
to  show  that  Dr.  Shippen's  appointment  to  take  charge 
of  the  hospitals  in  the  Jerseys,  clashed  with  my  exertions 
to  take  suitable  care  of  the  sick  for  whom  I  had  appointed 
hospitals  at  Newark  and  Hackensack,  by  the  express 
command  of  General  Washington.  For  my  repairing  to 
Newark  and  establishing  hospitals  there  for  the  reception 
of  near  a  thousand  men,  I  herewith  produce  Gen. 
Washington's  orders  at  length,  comprehended  in  his 
letter  to  the  committee  at  Newark,  dated  New  York, 
Sept.  12,  1776.  Those  orders  I  accordingly  executed, 
and  put  the  sick  and  wounded  under  the  care  of  Dr. 
Foster,  (new  Deputy  Director  General  of  the  Hospitals 
east  of  the  Hudson  River),  and  Dr.  Burnet,  now  Physician 
General,  and  ten  mates,  with  a  commissary  of  purchases, 
and  ward  master,  an  issuing  commissary  and  store-keeper, 
a  clerk,  several  experienced  purveyors,  and  all  the  attend- 
ants and  nurses  that  were  left  of  those  employed  at  New 
York  ;  so  that,  at  no  time  in  the  whole  campaign  of  1776 
were  the  sick  better  taken  care  of.  In  proof  of  which  Dr. 
Burnet  testifies  as  follows,  viz.  : — -^  that  Dr.  Morgan  by 
application  to  him,  as  chairman  of  a  committee,  obtained 
use  of  the  Episcopal  and  Presbyterian  churches,  the 
Court  House  and  Academy  for  that  purpose,  and  that  he 
appeared  to  be  diligent  and  faithful  in  discharging  the 
duties  of  Director  General,  and  that  the  sick  and  wounded 
then  under  his  care  did  not  suffer,  that  he  knew  of,  for  want 
of  any  assistance  which  he,  or  any  of  the  gentlemen  em- 
ployed, could  give  them,  but  on  the  contrary  were  as  well 
attended,  accommodated  and  provided  for  as  in  common 
hospitals,  and  with  as  much.success.  Wm.  Burnet."^ 

'  It  is  stated  that  in  1775,  Dr.  Burnet  established  and  superintended  upon  his 
own  responsibility,  a  hospital  in  Newark.  We  do  not  find  that  any  details  or 
record  have  come  down  to  us. 

Dr.  Morgan  in  a  letter  to  Washington,  Sept.  12,  1776,  says  :   "  From  the  knowl- 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  6/ 

Temporary  provision  was  made  in  Morristown  for  the 
sick  and  wounded,  in  the  fall  of  1776.  At  that  time  2,000 
who  were  lying  there  were  removed  by  order  of  Wash- 
ington, Dec.  3,  to  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  where  a  general  hospital 
was  established.  ^  After  the  battles  of  Brandywinc  and  Red 
Bank,  1777,  a  general  hospital  was  opened  at  Princeton, 
in  the  college  buildings.  Dr.  Tilton  in  his  work  on 
military  hospitals,  remarks  of  this  hospital,  as  also  of 
the  others,  that  they  are  so  "  crowded  as  to  produce 
infection,  and  mortality  ensues  too  affecting  to  be 
described.  *  ■'"'  *  The  flying  camp  of  1776  melted  like 
snow  in  the  field  ;  dropped  like  rotten  sheep  on  their 
straggling  route  home,  when  they  communicated  the 
camp  infection  to  their  friends  and  neighbors,  of  whom 
many  died."  He  was  a  prescribing  surgeon  in  the 
hospital  at  Princeton.  He  says  of  it,  "  the  sick  and 
wounded  flowing  promiscuously  without  restraint  into  the 
hospital,  it  soon  became  infectious  and  was  attended 
with  great  mortality."  He  afterwards  visited  the  hospital 
at  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  and  found  upon  investigation  that  the 
"  malignancy  and  mortality  (of  the  Princeton  Hospital) 
bore  no  comparison  "  with  that  of  Bethlehem — "  all 
manner  of  excrementitious  matter  was  scattered  indis- 
criminately through  the  camp,  insomuch  that  you  were 
offended  by  a  disagreeable  smell  almost  everywhere 
within  the  lines.  A  putrid  diarrhoea  was  the  conse- 
quence." "  It  is  impossible,"  he  further  remarks,  "  to 
account  for  the  obstinacy  and  fatality  of  those  bowel 
complaints  which  affected  the  soldiers,  neither  by  the 
nature  of  the  soil,  but  from  a  poisonous  infection.    *  *  * 


edge  I  have  of  New  Ark,   I   am  persuaded  it  is  a  place  infinitely  sujierior  in  all 
respects  for  the  establishment  of  a  General  Hospital.     There  are  but  four  miles  of 
land  carriage  required  ;  all  the  rest  is  water  carriage.      The  houses  are  numerous 
and  convenient." — Am.  Archives. 
'  Toner. 


68  HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 

I  hav^e  no  hesitation  in  declaring  it  as  my  opinion,  that 
we  lost  not  less  than  from  ten  to  twenty  of  camp  diseases 
for  one  by  weapons  of  the  enemy." 

The  dysentery  prevailed  in  the  summer  of  1777  in  the 
military  hospitals  of  New  Jersey,  but  without  mortality. 
It  was  followed  b\-  an  "  obstinate  diarrhoea,  in  which  the 
warm  bath  was  found  in  many  instances  to  be  an  effectual 
remedy.  1  This  was  prior  to  the  period  of  which  Dr. 
Tilton  writes  above. 

Washington  addressed  the  Congress  from  Morristown, 
Feb.  5,  1777,^  as  follows  :  "The  small-pox  has  made  such 
head  in  every  quarter  that  I  find  it  impossible  to  keep  it 
from  spreading  through  the  whole  army  in  the  natural  way. 
I  have  therefore  determined  not  only  to  inoculate  the 
troops  now  here  that  have  not  had  it,  but  shall  order  Dr. 
Shippen  to  inoculate  the  recruits  as  fast  as  they  come 
to  Philadelphia.  They  will  lose  no  time  because  they 
will  go  through  the  disease  while  their  clothing,  arms 
and  accoutrements  are  getting  ready." 

The  Commander-in-chief  before  issuing  his  order  to 
inoculate  the  soldiers  at  Morristown,  invited  the  Rev. 
Jacob  Green^  to  a  consultation  about  the  measure. 
Convinced  of  its  importance,^  Mr.  Green,  assisted  no 
doubt  by  the  patriot  clergy  of  his  neighborhood,  assumed 
the  work  of  inoculating  the  people  of  their  own  parishes. 
"  They  arranged  hospitals  and  dictated  every  plan  with  a 
precision  and  positiveness  that  was  not  to  be  disobeyed 
by  their  parishioners,  and  such  was  the  weight  of  this 
authority,  that  it  is  said  that  very  few  disregarded  it,  and 
that  few  of  them  died  of  the  foul  disease."^     The  Hanover 


'  Rush's  Inquiries. 

'■'  Sparks. 

'  See  his  memoir. 

*  Rev.  Dr.  Tuttle's  Centennial  Address  at  Morristown. 

'  Ibid. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  69 

church  was  used  as  a  hospital  for  those  who  had  the 
disease  in  the  natural  way.  Scarcely  one  who  was 
inoculated  died  ;  whilst  almost  none  who  took  the  disease 
by  contagion  got  well.  This  enforced  inoculation  of  the 
people,  because  of  the  inoculation  of  the  soldiers,  added 
to  the  burdens  which  rested  with  crushing  weight  upon 
the  people  of  Morris  County.^ 

REVENUES   OF   PHYSICIANS. 

Upon  the  organization  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical 
Society,  in  1766,  its  members  gave  early  consideration  to 
"  the  mode  of  charging  for  medical  and  surgical  services  " 
Prior  to  this  time  there  was  no  law  or  custom  in  the 
Province  for  the  payment  of  regular  fees  for  advice  and 
attendance.  A  committee  appointed  for  the  purpose 
reported  the  following  comprehensive  and  forcible  pre- 
amble and  a  "  Table  of  fees  and  rates." 

The  report  and  its  recommendations  were  ordered  to 
be  engrossed  in  the  minutes,  the  subject  of  adoption 
being  laid  over  for  further  consideration.  Its  ratification 
was  postponed  from  time  to  time,  the  Society  deeming 
it  inexpedient  to  make  it  imperative.  It  was  practically 
the  basis  for  charges  till  1784,  when  it  was  unanimously 
adopted. 

PREAMBLE. 
The  New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  considering  the  state  of  medical 
practice  in  this  Government,  and  apprehending,  that  as  they  have 
separated  themselves  to  a  profession  that  not  only  deprives  them  of 
many  comforts  and  indulgences,  which  persons  in  other  offices  of  life 
enjoy,  by  being  at  the  call  of  any  one,  day  or  night  ;  but  also  exposes 
them  to  many  disagreeable  scenes  and  often  to  great  dangers  from 
contagious  diseases,  &c.  ;  besides  the  great  expense  of  education,  and 
the  many  painful  years  to  be  employed  in  preparatory  studies,  as  well 
as  that  of  the  science  itself,  they  are  in  an  especial  manner  entitled  to 

'  Ibid. 


70  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

a  just  and  equital)le  reward  for  their  services,  at  least  to  live  by  this 
their  useful  profession.  And  observing  that  their  fees  or  rewards  are 
not  reg'ularly  settled  by  law  or  custom,  and  that  many  inconveniences 
arise  from  such  defect  and  the  consequent  vaj^ue  and  indeterminate 
mode  of  practitioners  charging  for  their  services,  and  conceiving  that 
it  will  be  both  for  the  interest  of  the  people  and  practitioner  to  estab- 
lish one  general  and  uniform  mode,  have  unanimously  agreed  to  the 
following  table,  in  which  they  have  affixed  such  reasonable  rates  to 
most  of  those  articles  that  can  be  ascertained  in  an  art  that  admits  of 
such  a  diversification  of  forms  and  circumstances,  as  they  hope  will  be 
universally  satisfactory,  and  such  as  they  sincerely  think  are  consistent 
with  equity,  and  by  no  means  higher  than  the  usual  charges  heretofore 
generally  made.  And  this  scheme  they  have  adopted  for  the  sake  of 
justice  and  order,  to  prevent  unnecessary-  disputes  and  differences 
between  them  and  their  employers,  and  as  far  as  the  usage  of  regular 
and  principled  practitioners  will  in  that  way  extend  to  obviate  the 
impositions  of  quacks  and  illiterate  medicators.  And  they  do  hereby 
bind  and  oblige  themselves  at  all  times  hereafter  to  keep  their 
accounts  according  to  the  rates  therein  settled  and  ascertained,  till  the 
Legislature  shall  interpose,  or  some  other  happier  method  be  devised 
for  determining  a  matter  so  interesting  both  to  the  public  and  the 
profession. 

A  TABLE  OF  FEES  AND  RATES. 

For  sundry  articles  and  services  in  medicine  and  surgery,  as  agreed  on 
and  established  by  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  at  their  general 
meeting  in  New  Brunswick,  July  2jd,  1/66. 

PROCLAMATION   MONKV.       (See  Appendix  H.) 

£    ^-   d. 
Visits i?rroiL<ns. \'\s\t\ng  in  towns,   whereby  the  physician  and   surgeon 

can  readily  attend  the   patient   without  riding,    to  be 

ciiarged  for  according  to  the  duration  of  the  ailment 

and  degree  of  attendance,  viz.  :  In  slight  cases  whereby 

a  visit  or  two  may  be  wanted o    oo    c 

Per  II  t-ek In  other  cases  requiring  longer  and  daily  care  and  attend- 
ance :  for  each  week's  attendance  and  in  proportion  for 
lesser  or  more  time,  exclusive  of  medicines o     lo    o 

Visits  in  the  }  Visits  in  the  country  under  half  a  mile  to  be  charged  for 
Coiintn\      )     ^^  ji^  towns,  viz . ,  per  week,  &c o     lo    o 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  71 

£    s.   d. 
Above  half  a  \ 
mile  iSt'  not     Every  visit  above  half  a  mile  and  not  exceeding  a  mile 


more    than  \      and  a  half o 

Above  I'A  CTf  Everv  visit  above  one  and  a  half  miles  and  not  exceeding 
not     more  >      ,^ '           .,        ^            ,       .,        ,  ,.  . 
than  !■;.        )      hfteen  miles,  for  each  mile  additional o       i 

Above  fifteen'^  Every  visit  above  fifteen  miles  and  not  exceeding  twenty- 

b' not  more  >     ^^,^  miles,  for  each  mile  above  fifteen  and  under  twentv- 
than  25.       J 

five o       I 

Above Q.'^ Every  visit  above   twenty-five  miles,   for  each  mile  above 

twenty-five o      2 

Every  visit  in  the  night,  exclusive  of  other  things o      5 

Consultations.  .(lov\s\\\\M\on  Fees,  viz.:  Every  first  visit  and  opinion  by 
the  consulted  physician  or  surgeon,  exclusive  of  travel- 
ing fees o    15 

Every  succeeding  visit  and  advice  by  do.  &c o      7 

Surgical  ope-^Vees  for  surgical  operations  and  services,  exclusive  of 
visits  and  traveling  charges,  viz.  : 


rations  and  > 


servues .       ) 

Phlebotomy o      i     6 

Extracting  a  tooth o       i     6 

Cutting  an  issue 020 

Cupping  with  scarification o      2     o 

Wounds .\s  first  dressing  of  all  large  or  deep  incised  or  contused 

wounds,  including  ung'ts,  &c.,  except  in  very  extraor- 
dinary cases,  wliere  the  surgeon  shall  consult  the 
Society,  who  will  adjudge  the  proper  charge  in  such 

particular  cases o      7    6 

Succeeding  dres.sing  of  do. ,  each  time 020 

Sinuses    and  }  Opening  large  sinuses  or  abscesses  and  first  dressing. . . .   o      76 
Abscesses.    ^  Succeeding  dressing  of  do . ,  each o      3    o 

/n^am/nat/o/is  Advice    for   large    inflammations   and   abscesses,    when 
attended  twice  a  day,  per  week,  and  proportionably  for 

a  greater  or  less  time o     10    o 

Do.  when  attended  once  a  day,  per  week,  &c o      5    o 

Ulcers Dressing  all  malignant,  piiirid  or  phagedreme  ulcers,  each 

dressing o      2    o 

Dressing  small  cutaneous  or  sujjerficial   wounds,  small 
and  healing  ulcers  and  small  abscesses,  each  dressing. .  010 

Opening  small  abscesses  and  sinuses 020 

Drawing  off  the  urine  by  the  catheter,  each  time o      7    6 

Administering  a  clyster o      3    9 

Trepan Operation  of  the  trepan 3    00    o 

Dressing  each  time o      3    9 


72  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

i  s.  d. 

G7«fA/«^,  i&'f.  Couching  or  extracting  the  cataract 3  oo  o 

Cutting  the  Iris 3  00  o 

Fistula  Lachrymalis i  10  o 

Couching,  d^c.  .Each  dressing  do o  i  6 

Bronchotoniy i  10  o 

Extirpation  of  the  Tonsils 1  00  o 

Extraction  of  the  polypus  of  the  nose i  00  o 

Operation  for  the  Hare-lip i  10  o 

Operation  for  the  Wry-neck i  10  o 

Each  dressing  in  the  five  preceding  cases o  i  6 

Amputations. . .  Amputations  of  the  breast 3  00  o 

Ditto  of  the  fore  and  back  arm 3  00  o 

Ditto  of  the  leg  or  thigh 3  00  o 

Each  dressing  for  the  first  14  days  after  the  preceding 

amputations o  5  o 

Each  succeeding  dressing o  2  6 

Amputation  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  each o  15  o 

Each  dressing  do 020 

Suture  of  the  tendons  and  Gastroraphy,  each i  00  o 

Each  dressing  do 026 

Bubonocele  Epiplocele  and  Hernia  Femoralis,  each 3  00  o 

Each  dressing  do o  5  o 

Exomphalos  and  Hernia  Ventralis i  10  o 

Each  dressing o  2  6 

Hydrocle  Radical  operation 3  oo  o 

Ditto  palliative  by  puncture i  10  o 

Castration,  each  Testicle 3  00  o 

Each  dressing  do o  5  o 

Phymosis  and  paraphymosis o  7  6 

Each  dressing o  2  o 

Paracentisis i  10  o 

Fistula  in  ano,  deep,  sinuous  and  of  long  standing 3  00  o 

Do.  small  and  recent 2  00  o 

Each  dressing  in  such  Fistulas o  3  o 

Empyema 1  00  o 

Each  dressing  do o  2  o 

Extirpation  of  large  encysted  and  large  cancerous  Tumors  i  10  o 

Dressing  do.,  each  time 030 

Extirpation  of  small  encysted  and  small  cancerous  Tumors  o  15  o 

Each  dressing  do o  i  6 

Cutting  for  the  stone  in  the  bladder 5  00  o 

Each  dressing  do 050 

Cutting  for  the  stone  in  the  urethra i  10  o 

Each  dressing  do 020 

Assistant  Surgeon's  fee  in  all  operations 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  73 

L  ^.  d. 

Midwifery,  t/tz. Delivering  a  woman  in  a  natural  case i  10    o 

In  a  preternatural  case 3  00    o 

In  a  laborious  case,  requiring  forceps  or  extrication  with 

the  crotchet,  &c 3  00    o 

Incculation Inoculation  of  the  small  pox,  including  medicine  and 

attendance 

Fractures  and  \'^&6\xc\\on  of  a  simple  fracture,   and  depression  of  the 

U IS  oca  ions  J      nose,  with  necessary  dressing  during  the  cure 170 

Luxation  or  fracture  of  the  lower  jaw,  with  do i    00    o 

Luxation  of  the  neck,  with  do 2    00    o 

Luxation  of  the  Humerus,  and  do i     10    o 

Ditto  of  the  Cubit,  and  do i     10    o 

Simple  fracture  of  the  Clavicle,  and  do i     10    o 

Ditto  of  the  fore  and  back  arm,  and  do i     10    o 

Dislocation  or  fracture  of  the  wrist  bones,  with  do i     10    o 

Dislocation  of  the  thigh  bone,  with  do 2    00    o 

Ditto  of  the  knee,  ^vith  do i     10    o 

Ditto  or  fracture  of  the  Patella,  with  do o    15    o 

Ditto  of  the  ankle,  with  do i     10    o 

Simple  fracture  of  the  thigh  or  leg  bones,  with  do 2    00    o 

Simple  ditto  of  the  heel,  with  do i     10    o 

Dislocation  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  with  do o      7    6 

Compound  fractures  of  all  kinds,  one-third  more  than  sim- 
ple, besides  the  daily  dressing,  which  is  to  be  charged 
at  the  rate  fixed  for  large  wounds,  when  the  firacture  is 
of  the  thigh,  leg  or  arm  ;    but  at  the   rate  of  small 

wounds  when  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  &c 

Other  surgical  cases  not  here  mentioned,  either  to  be  pro- 
posed to  the  Society  for  their  decision,  or  to  be  charged 
as  nearly  to  the  tenor  of  this  table  as  possible. 
Rates  of  extemporaneous  forms  of  medicine,  exclusive  of 
visiting  and  traveling  fees,  viz  : 

Bolus  Cathartic  or  emetic o      2    o 

Ditto  with  musk o      3    o 

Every  other  do.  alterative  for  persons  above  years  of  age. 

Every  do.  for  persons  under  years 

Decoction  with  one  ounce  Cort.  Peruv.  and  proportion- 
ably  with  greater  or  less  quantity o      7    6 

Other  decoctions  and  wines  made  with  foreign  medica- 
ments, per  pound o      7    6 

Do.  with  indigenous  or  native  medicines,  per  pound o      3    o 

Draughts,  each o      2    2 

Electary  Cathartic,  per  ounce o      7    6 

Do.  Alterative,  per  ounce o      5    o 


74  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

£  s.  d. 

Elixirs  and  Essences,  per  ounce o  3  9 

Emulsions o  i  o 

Epispastic  plasters  for  the  neck,  side  or  back o  3  o 

Do.  for  the  arms,  wrists  or  legs,  each o  i  6 

Each  dressing  of  the  large  blisters o  i  o 

Each  do.  of  the  lesser o  o  6 

Ingredients  for  nitrous  decoctions,  i  pound o  7  6 

Ingredients  foreign  for  other  decoctions,  &c.,  per  oz o  2  o 

Ditto  for  Glysters o  3  o 

Musk  Julap o  2  6 

Julaps,  per  ounce o  i  o 

Linctus  and  Echoes,  per  ounce o  2  6 

Lozenges,  per  ounce o  3  o 

Mixtures   compounded   of  aqueous   and  spirituous   and 

Saline  or  solid  substances,  per  ounce o  i  o 

Mixtures  consisting  solely  of  spirituous  substances,  such 

as  Tinctures,  Elixirs,  Essences,  &c.,  per  oz o  3  9 

Ointments,  viz. Mere-fort,  per  ounce o  2  6 

Do.  mit. ,  per  ounce o  2  o 

Pilk,  viz Cathart. ,  i  dose o  2  o 

Mercur.,  per  dose o  i  6 

Anodyn,  per  dose o  i  o 

Alterative,  per  dose o*    2  o 

Potion  cathart.,  with  manna,  per  ounce o  4  o 

Powders,  Ca-  >  Rhubarb,  per  dose o  3  o 

than  VIZ.,     )  ^^^  ot]-,grs_  pg;.  dose o  2  o 

Powders  Emetic,  per  dose o  2  o 

Do.  Alterative,  per  dose o  i  o 

Salts  Cathartic,  per  dose o  i  6 

Do.  with  manna,  i  ounce,  per  dose o  3  o 

Tartar  Cream  of,  per  dose o  i  6 

All  medicines  charged  by  the  dose  to  persons  under  three 
years  of  age  one-fourth  less  than  to  those  above  that  age. 

Tinctures,  per  ounce o  3  o 

Salivation,  including  medicines 3  00  o 

Simple  Gonorrhcea,  includ.  do 2  5  o 

Gonorrh.  attended  with  Chancres,  or  particular  trouble. .  3  00  o 

All  other  prescribed  forms  not  here  specified,  to  be  submitted  to  the  direction 
of  the  Society,  and  rated  as  near  as  possible  to  the  tenor  of  this  Table. 

The  Society  reserves  to  themselves  the  right,  at  all  times  hereafter,  of  making 
all  such  alterations  in  and  additions  to  this  Table,  as  shall  appear  to  them  just 
and  expedient. 

ROBI'.  McKEAX,  President. 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE.  75 

Resoh'fd  (Xiid  enacted.  That  every  member  of  this  Society,  shall  at 
all  times  hereafter,  when  he  makes  out  a  bill,  charge  exactly  agreeable 
to  the  preceding-  fixed  rates,  without  addition  or  diminution,  and  shall 
deliver  it  in  this  form  and  no  other.  But  it  is  nevertheless  meant  and 
intended,  that  every  member  afterwards  be  at  liberty  to  abate  what 
part  of  such  bills  he  may  think  proper,  on  account  of  poverty,  friend- 
ship, or  other  laudable  motives,  but  on  no  other  considerations  what- 
ever, under  pain  of  expulsion. 

The  poptilar  error  that  our  medical  father.s  had  a  low 
estimate  of  the  dignity  of  their  calHng,  and  that  the 
revenues  from  its  pursuit  were  much  below  those  of  our 
own  day,  will  be  corrected  b)'  the  study  of  the  preamble 
to  the  above  table  of  "  fees  and  rates  "  adopted  in  1766  ; 
and  by  carefully  noting  the  accounts  which  follow.  (See 
Appendix  I.)  They  exhibit  the  sources  of  revenue  in 
early  practice  and  illustrate  its  methods.  They  are  a 
transcript  from  the  books  of  Dr.  Moses  G.  Elmer,  of 
New  Providence,  in  Morris  County,  which  were  kept 
with  much  system  and  care,  and  are  now  in  good  pres- 
ervation. The  reader  is  also  referred  to  some  accounts 
in  the  memoirs  of  Drs.  Jno.  Lawrence,  William  Stillwell 
and  others. 

An  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  best  style  of  living  and 
the  purchasing  power  of  money  during  the  period  under 
consideration  may  be  derived  from  the  following  facts : 

In  1749  Governor  Belcher  was  voted  by  the  Provincial 
Assembly,  a  salary  of  iJ"i,ooo  per  annum,  proclamation 
money,  equal  to  about  $2,500  of  our  present  standard  of 
value.  In  1760,  the  Governor  received  the  same.  In 
1775  Governor  Franklin  received  i^  1,200,  equal  to  $3,000, 
same  standard.  He  rented  a  house  in  Amboy,  equal  to 
the  best  in  town,  for  £60,  $144.'  The  first  Governor, 
(Livingston,)  of  the  State,  in  1784  was  voted  a  salary  of 
i^550,  Yorke  money,  equal  to  !t>i,320,  present  standard.- 


'  .\cts  of  the  Provincial  Assembly. 
-  Acts  of  ihe  New  Jersey  Assembly. 


76  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE, 

The  salary  of  the  President  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey  in  1757,  was  i^2oo,  with  use  of  house  and  improved 
lands,  and  liberty  of  getting  his  wood  from  the  lands  of 
the  corporation.  The  amount  was  doubtless  deemed  suf- 
ficient for  a  good  style  of  living. 

The  annual  tuition  fees  of  the  college  to  1758,  were 
iJ^3.o.o  proc.  From  that  time  they  were  increased  to 
A-O.o.i 

In  1759-63  in  East  Jersey,  wages  in  proc.  money  were 
per  day,  2s.  6d.  to  3s.  6d. ;  corn  shelled  per  bush.,  3s.  6d. 
to  4s. ;  wheat,  5s.  to  6s.  7d. ;  rye,  3s.  6d.  ;  buckwheat,  2s. 
6d.  to  3s.  ;  flax,  gd.  per  lb.  ;  butter,  is.  6d. ;  oats,  is.  6d. 
to  2s, ;  sugar,  7d. 

When  we  consider  the  standard  of  living,  the  low  price 
of  lands,  of  which  the  physicians  had  their  acres,  the 
equality  of  rank,  and  the  simple  and  frugal  habits  of 
former  days,-  we  discover  that  the  practice  of  medicine, 
though  doubtless  more  laborious,  was  not  as  a  rule  less 
remunerative,  relatively,  than  it  is  at  the  present  time. 

PHYSICIANS  IN  THEIR  RELATIONS  TO  THE  STATE. 

This  historical  surve)'  of  our  medical  men  would  be 
incomplete,  if  we  failed  to  mention  them  in  their  relations 
to  the  commonwealth  and   their  efficient  agency  in  pro- 

•  Maclean's  History. 

"  "  The  farmers,  being  frugal  and  plain  in  their  manners,  always  made  both  linen 
and  woolen  cloth  for  their  own  families  and  servants.  I  believe  it  may  be  de- 
pended upon  that  there  is  not  one  in  ten  of  the  members  of  the  Legislature  of  New 
Jersey,  who  is  not  clothed  in  the  maniifaciure  of  his  own  family,  for  the  greater 
part,  and  many  of  them  have  no  other  clothing  of  any  kind." — "New  'Jersey 
after  the  Revolution,"  by  Rev.  Dr.  Witherspoon,  Cent.  Com.  Report. 

The  name  of  "  Jersey  Blues,"  given  to  the  New  Jersey  soldiery  during  the  revo- 
lutionary war,  had  its  origin  in  the  fact  that  a  volunteer  company  was  organized 
near  Lyons  Farms,  in  Essex  County,  clad  in  tow  frocks  and  pantaloons  dyed  blue. 
This  homespun  uniform  was  furnished  by  the  patriotic  women  of  the  neighbor- 
hood, who  had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  the  company  became  distinguished 
for  its  bravery  and  efficiency  in  the  war. — Barber  and  Howes  His.  Coll. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  J'J 

moting  its  highest  interests.  Down  to  the  middle  of  the 
last  century,  the  people  were  undisturbed  in  their 
peaceful  pursuits  and  free  from  causes  of  popular  excite- 
ment. Its  first  six  decades  were  in  striking  contrast  with 
the  four  which  followed.  This  latter  period  opened  with 
the  events  of  the  French  and  English  war  in  America. 
The  aid  and  sympathy  heartil)'and  most  loyally  rendered 
by  the  colonists,  notably  by  them  of  New  Jersey,  and  the 
triumphs  of  which  they  were  partakers,  broadened  their 
temper  and  trained  them  to  self  reliance.  Now  followed 
the  successive  oppressive  acts  of  the  British  Parliament, 
which  excited  the  popular  discontent  and  a\\akcned  the 
men  of  strength  to  leadership. 

They  sought  to  give  it  proper  direction,  and,  when  it 
culminated  in  rebellion,  to  inspire  the  courage,  enlighten 
the  minds,  and  rouse  the  patriotism  of  the  people  ;  and 
by  personal  devotion  to  aid  in  advancing  their  country's 
welfare.  The  leaders  of  public  sentiment  were  largely  from 
among  the  physicians  of  the  Colony.  Many  of  them  were 
men  of  liberal  education,  graduates  of  colleges  at  home 
and  abroad.  Many  without  these  higher  advantages ^ 
were  the  peers  of  their  associates  in  intelligence,  and  in 
the  moral  power,  which  a  cultivated  intellect  and  com- 
manding influence  in  the  community  enabled  them  to 
exert.  With  a  very  fcn'  exceptions  they  were  earnest 
patriots.  It  is  worthy  of  note  also  that  the  majorit}',  and 
certainly  the  most  influential  of  them  were  men  of  decided 
religious  character,  members  and  officers  in  the  church  of 
Christ. 

The    records    which    follow,    illustrate    the    prominent 


'  It  was  not  uncommon  for  the  youili  to  be  sent  to  clergymen  who  were  distin- 
guished for  learning,  to  be  educated  in  tlie  dead  languages,  an  accurate  knowledge 
of  which  is  the  true  foundation  of  scholarship.  Many  boys  were  thus  fitted  for 
college,  and  many  others  completed  their  studies  under  these  teachers.  See 
Appendix  K. 
1 


78 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


standiiiLj  of  many  of  them  in  the  earlier  days  of  the 
Province,  the  number  of  those  who  received  the  honors 
of  institutions  of  learning,  and  the  official  positions  by 
which  they  were  honored  during  and  after  the  Revo- 
lutionarv  war. 


Absalom  Bainhrid^r. 

Thomas  Barber.  « 
Oliver  Barnet. 
John  Beatty. 


Moses  Bloomtiekl. 

Joseph  Bonney. 
James  Boggs. 
Isaac  Brown. 
Ichabod  Burnet. 
William  Burnet. 


Thomas  Cadwalader. 

Stephen  Camp. 
Jabez  Camptield. 

William  Campfield. 
William  Chandler. 
John  Cochran. 
John  Condit. 
Lewis  Condict. 


(iHiduate  of  College  of  N.  Jersey,  1762. 
Loyalist. 

Yale  Col.,  1762. 

Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com.  Pleas. 

College  N.  Jersey,  1769.  Col.  in  the  army. 
Commissary  (ienl.  of  ])risoners.  Member 
of  Convention  to  adopt  the  Federal  Consti- 
tution. Member  of  the  Legislature  and 
Congress.  Secretary  of  State  for  ten  years. 
Trustee  of  the  Col.  of  N.  J.  and  its  Treas- 
urer. 

Member  of  Provincial  Congress  and  Assem- 
bly. 

College  N.  J.   1793. 

Loyalist,  Surgeon  in  the  B.  Service. 

Yale,  1729.     Minister  of  the  Gos.     Loyalist. 

Univer.  of  Edinburgh. 

College  of  N.  J.  1749.  Chairm'n  of  Committee 
of  Safety.  Commissioner  for  issuing  State 
Bills  of  Credit.  Physician  General  of  Hos- 
pitals, Eastern  District.  Member  of  Con- 
gress. Presiding  Judge  Court  of  Com. 
Pleas. 

First  Chief  Burgess  of  Trenton.  An  early 
writer  on  Medicine. 

Col.  of  N.  J.  1736. 

Col.  of  N.  J.  1759.  Surrogate,  Morris,  20 
years. 

Col.  X.  J.  1784. 

King's  College  1774.     Loyalist. 

Director  General  of  Hospitals.     Revo.  War. 

Member  of  Congress. 

Member  of  Congress  and  Legislature. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


79 


S.  F.  Conover. 
David  Cowell. 
Gershom  Craven. 
John  Darby. 

Saml.  Dick. 

Jonathan  Dickinson. 

Charles  Doty. 

Henry  Drake. 
Lewis  Dunham. 

Jonathan  Elmer. 
Ebenezer  Elmer. 
Jacob  Green. 

Thomas  Henderson. 

Isaac  Harris. 
Daniel  Hendrickson. 
Robt.  R.  Henry. 
Ebenezer  Howell. 
William  E.  Imlay. 
Moses  Jaques. 
John  Johnstone. 
Saml.  Kennedy. 

John  Lawrence. 

Henry  Leddel. 


Trustee  of  Col.  of  N.  J.     Mem.  Am.  Phil.  Soc. 
Col.  N.  J.  1763. 
1765. 
Yale  1748.  Minister  of  the  Gospel.    Instructor 

in  Medicine. 
Col.  State  Troops  1776.   Member  of  Congress. 

Surrogate,  Salem,  for  22  years. 
Yale  1706.     1st  Pres.  Col.  N.  J.     Minister  of 

Gospel. 
King's    Col.    1768.      Loyalist.      Surgeon    in 

British  Service. 
Queen's  Col.  1793. 
Member     Colonial      Assembly.       Provincial 

Congress. 
Sheriff.   Member  Prov.  Congress,  Legislature, 

Continental    and    Nat.   Congress,  (Senate) 

Presiding  Judge  Com.  Pleas. 
Speaker  of  H.  of  Assembly.    Mem.  Congress, 

and   its   Com.    to   visit    Hospitals.      Adjt. 

Genl.  of  N.  J. 
Harvard    1744.     Minister   of   Gos.     Member 

of  Provincial  Congress.  Chairman  of  Com. 

which  drafted  the  first  Constitution  of  the 

State. 
Col.  N.  J.  1761.     Mem.  Provincial   Congress. 

Col.  State  Troops.     Member  Congress  and 

Legislature.     Surrogate,  Judge  Com.  Pleas. 
Medical  Instructor. 
Sheriff  Monmouth. 
Col.  N.  J.  1776. 
Major  Continental  Army. 
Col.  N.  J.  1773.     Capt.  in  Army. 
Member.  Legislature. 
Speaker  of  Prov.  Assembly. 
U.  of  Edinburgh.      Minister  of    Gos.     Med. 

Instructor. 
Col.  N.  J.  1764.     Loyalist,  Surgeon  in  British 

Service. 
Sheriff.     Major  in  Army. 


8o 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


John  Maclean. 

Naihl.  Manning-. 
Robt.  McKean. 

Paul  Micheau. 

Jno.  A.  DtNormandie. 

Jonathan  Odell. 
Isaac  Ogden. 
Bodo  Otto. 
Robt.  Patterson. 
Cyrus  Pierson. 
Ebenezer  Pierson. 
Isaac  Pierson. 
Alex.  Ross. 
Francis  Bowes  Sayre. 
Henry  H.  Schenck. 
Moses  Scott. 


Nathaniel  Scudder. 

Jno.  Anderson  .Scudder. 

Charles  Smith. 

Isaac  Smith. 

Thos.  E.  Steele. 
Ebenezer  Stockton. 
James  Stratton. 

Peter  I.  Str)ker. 
Edw.  Taylor. 


Un.  of  Glasgow.  Prof,  of  Col.  of  N.  J.  and 
at  Wm.  and  Mar}-,  \"a. 

Col.  X.  J.  1762.     Minister  of  the  Gospel. 

Minister  of  (ios.  and  Missionary-,  -ist  Presi- 
dent of  N.  J.  Med.  Society. 

Educated  in  Europe.     Lecturer  on  Medicine. 

Loyalist.  Distinguished  as  a  writer  on  Medi- 
cine and  Philos. 

Col.  N.  J.  1754.     Minister  of  Gos.     Loyalist. 

Col.  X.  J.  1784. 

Memb.  Legislature.     Col.  Army. 

Prest.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.     Prof,  in  Univer.  Pa. 

Col.  X.  J.  1776. 
1791. 
1789.  Sheriff.  Member  of  Congress. 

U.  of  Edinburgh. 

U.  of  Pa. 

Queen's  Col.  1772. 

Assistant  Director  Genl.  of  Hospital  Depart- 
ment. Member  of  Congress.  Instructor  in 
Medicine. 

Col.  X.  J.  1 75 1.  Trustee  of  the  same.  Dis- 
tinguished for  his  influence  as  a  patriot  and 
writer  during  the  war.  Member  of  the 
Provincial  and  Continental  Congress. 

Col.  X.  J.  1775.  Mem.  .Assembly  and  Con- 
gress. 

Col  .X.  J.  1786.  Trustee  Queen's  Col.  Fel- 
low of  the  Col.  l^hys.  and  Surg.  N.  Y. 

Col.  N.  J.  1755.  Tutor.  Col.  in  the  war. 
Justice  Sup.  Court.     Mem.  Congress. 

Fellow  Col.  Phys.  and  Surgs.  X.  Y. 

Col.  X.  J.  1780. 

Judge  of  the  Court.  Distinguished  in  civil 
and  political  affairs.  Instructor  in  medi- 
cine. 

.Sheriff.  State  Senator  and  Pres.  of  Senate. 
Major  Genl.  Militia. 

Col.  N.  J.  1783. 


HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 


81 


Lawrence  Vanderveer. 
John  Van  Cleve. 


Trustee  Queen's  Col. 

Col.  N.  J.  1797.    Trustee.    Lecturer  on  medi- 
cine. 


Abraham  Van  Beuren 

Trustee  Queen's  Col. 

Saml.  Vickars. 

Col.  N.jri777. 

Thos.  Wiggins. 

Yale  1752.     Treasurer  Col.  of  N.  J. 

Lewis  F.  Wilson. 

Col.  N.  J.  1773. 

COLLEGE    GRADUATES. 

Princeton, 

27              University  of  Pa.,     . 

I 

Yale,     . 

5               Harvard 

.     I 

King's, 

2               Foreign,  . 

6 

(2ueen's, 

^ 

— 

N.   J. 


Total 

SURGEONS    COMMLSSIONED    IN    THE    WAR   OF    1 776. 


Jno.  Andrews, 
J.  Avert, 
Cornl.  Baldwin, 
Thomas  Barber, 
Oliver  Barnet, 
William  M.  Barnet, 
Moses  Bloomfield, 
William  Burnet, 
William  Burnet  Jr., 
Bernardus  Budd, 
Geo.  W.  Campbell, 
Jabez  Campfield, 
Jno.  Cochran, 
John  Condit, 
John  Cowell, 
Gershom  Craven. 
Robt.  Cummins, 
Lewis  Dunham, 
Ebenezer  Elmer, 
David  Ervin, 
James  English, 
Thos.  Ewing, 
Melancthon  Freeman, 
Jacob  Harris, 
Jno.  Hampton, 


Isaac  Harris, 
Thos.  Hendry, 
James  Holmes, 
Jonathan  Horton, 
Lewis  Howell, 
Jacob  Hubbard, 
Jacob  Jennings, 
Uzal  Johnson, 
Timothy  Johnes, 
Chas.  McCarter, 
Jonathan  F.  Morris, 
Fredk.  Otto, 
Bodo  Otto, 
David  Pearson, 
Thomas  Reed, 
Nicholas  Roach. 
Jno.  B.  Riker, 
Moses  Scott, 
Henry  H.  Schenck, 
Garret  Tunison, 
Saml.  A'ickars, 
Abr.  \'an  Ikiskirk, 
William  Winants, 
Lewis  Wilson, 
Jno.  Witherspoon. 


44 


82 


HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 


Abr.  Appleton, 
Steph.  Ball. 
Jno.  Darcy, 
Moses  G.  Elmer, 
Robt.  R.  Henry, 
Ephm.  Loring, 


SURGEONS'   MATES. 

Ebenezer  Stockton, 
Jno.  Hammell. 
Robt.  Patterson, 
Jno.  A  Scudder, 
Benj.  B.  Stockton. 


APPEN  DIX 


TO 


PART  I. 


APPENDIX  A. 

(From page -^x.) 

In    1760,   the  directions    for    the    mercurial    treatment 
were  substantially  as  follows  : 

"  The  night  before  vou  inoculate,  give  a  few  grains  of  calomel  well 
levigated  with  a  like  quantity  of  diaphoretic  antimony  unwashed,  pnj- 
portioning  the  quantity  of  calomel  to  the  constitution  of  your  patient  ; 
from  four  grains  to  ten  for  a  grown  person,  and  from  one  to  three  for 
a  child,  to  be  made  up  into  a  bolus  or  simple  \\\\\  with  a  little  conserve 
of  roses  or  any  common  syrup.  The  next  morning  give  a  purge  of  the 
pulvis  cornachine,  made  with  ec|ual  parts  of  diaphoretic  antimony, 
scammonv  and  cream  of  tartar.  Repeat  the  bolus  or  i)ill  three 
times,  that  is,  once  every  other  night  after  inoculation  ;  and  on  the 
fifth  day  give  a  dose  of  Boerhaave's  golden  sulphur  of  antimony  ;  about 
four  grains  of  it  for  a  grown  person,  with  two  or  three  grains  of  calo- 
mel made  into  a  small  pill  will  operate  as  a  vomit  and  purge  at  the 
same  time.  In  the  intermediate  days,  give  two  or  three  papers  of  the 
following  powders  :  diaphoretic  antimonw  ten  grains;  sal.  prunel.  six 
grains;  calomel,  one  grain,  mixed  together  (for  a  grown  person)  and 
one-fourth  part  of  a  paper  for  a  child.  These  powders  are  to  be  con- 
tinued until  the  variolus  or  small-jiox  is  over ;  and  while  the  fever  is 
high,  let  your  patient  drink  a  cup  of  whey  two  or  three  times  a  day  ; 
the  whey  to  be  made  of  cream  of  tartar  instead  of  rennet,  and  those 
that  are  of  full  habit  should  be  blooded  once  or  twice  within  the  first 
eight  days,  and  must  abstain  from  all  s])irituous  liquors,  and  from  meat 
of  all  kinds,  broth,  salt  anil  butter." 

Toner's  "  Inoculation  in  Pa. 


B. 

(From page  ■^.) 


Obfervations 

On    that      terrible      Difease, 

Vulgarly  called 

1  he     1  hroat    iJiftemper, 

With 
Advices  as  to  the 

Method      of     Cure, 

In  a  Letter  to  a  Friend. 

By    J.    Dickinfon,    A.    M. 


Boston  :  Printed  and  Sold  by  S  .  K  N  E  E  L  A  N  D  and 
T.  Green,  in  Queen  Street  over  againft  the  Prif- 
on.      1740. 


TO  THE  READER. 


The  Reverend  .Mr.  Dickinson,  when  at  Boston  nis^h  two  Years  since, 
being  consulted  by  several  gentlemen  (anxious  for  themselves  and 
others)  about  a  most  malignant  Disease,  which  had  raged  for  a  long 
time  in  the  Place  where  he  lives,  and  which  had  commenc'd  its  fatal 
Progress  in  these  Parts,  was  desired  to  draw  up  his  Observations  in 
writing,  with  a  ^'iew  to  printing  the  same  for  the  publick  Benefit. 
Upon  that  Occasion  he  wrote  the  following  Letter:  which  now  that 
we  have  a  fresh  Alarm  by  a  Return  of  that  astonishing  Distemper 
among  us,  it  is  thought  a  proper  Season  to  publish  it  for  a  common 
Good. 

Several  of  our  ablest  Physicians,  upon  the  perusal  of  it,  have  ex- 
pressed their  Satisfaction  in  the  Author's  Account  of  the  various 
Phsenomina  of  the  Malady  and  his  Method  of  Cure. — His  Observa- 
tions are  the  Result  of  a  long  Series  of  Practice  and  Experience,  and 
seem  founded  in  the  exactest  Judgment.  His  informations  are  as  full 
and  particular,  as  any  we've  seen,  and  studiously  deliver'd  in  the 
easiest  Language,  to  accommodate  unlearned  Readers. — The  surpriz- 
ing Mortality  of  this  Distem])cr  is  enough  to  attract  eveiy  one's 
serious  Attention ;  and  in  such  an  extraordinary  Case  every  compas- 
sionate Friend  to  Mankind  will  be  ready  to  impart  any  useful 
Reflections:  Which  is  a  sufficient  Apology  both  for  the  Author  and 
the  Publisher. 

Cambridge,  Aug.  5,  1740. 


A  LETTER  &c. 


Sir: 

In  Compliance  with  }'our  Desire,  1  shall  now 
communicate  to  you  some  of  those  Observations  I  have 
made  upon  that  extraordinary  Disease,  which  has  made 
such  awful  Desolations  in  the  Country,  commonly  called 
the  Throat- Distemper. 

This  Distemper  first  began  in  these  Parts,  in  Febr. 
I73|.  The  long  Continuance  and  universal  Spread  of 
it  among  us,  has  given  me  abundant  Opportunity  to  be 
acquainted  with  it  in  all  its  F"orms. 

The  first  Assault  was  in  a  Family  about  ten  Miles  from 
me,  which  proved  fatal  to  eight  of  the  Children  in  about 
a  Fortnight.  Being  called  to  visit  the  distressed  Family, 
I  found  upon  my  arrival,  one  of  the  Children  newly  dead, 
which  gave  me  the  Advantage  of  a  Dissection,  and 
thereby  a  better  Acquaintance  with  the  Nature  of  the 
Disease,  than  I  could  otherwise  have  had  :  From  which 
(and  other  like)  Observations,  I  came  prett}-  earK*  into 
the  Methods  of  Cure  that  I  have  not  yet  seen  Reason  to 
change. 

There  have  few  Distempers  been  ever  known,  that 
have  put  on  a  greater  variet\'  of  Types,  and  appear'd  a\  ith 
more  different  Symptoms,  than  this  has  done ;  which 
makes  it  necessary  to  be  something  particular  in  describ- 
ing it,  in  order  to  set  it  in  a  just  View,  and  to  propose 
the  Methods  of  Cure  necessary  in  its  several  Appearances. 
And 

I.  I  take  this  Disease  to  be  naturally  an  Eruptive 
milliary  Fever:  and  when  it  appears  as  such,  it  usually 
begins  with   a   Shivering,  a  Chill,  or  with   Stretching,  or 


90  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

Yawning;  which  is  quickly  succeeded  with  a  sore  Throat, 
a  Tumefaction  of  the  Tonsils,  Uvula  and  Epiglottis,  and 
sometimes  of  the  Jaws,  and  even  of  the  whole  Throat  and 
Neck.  The  Fever  is  often  acute,  the  Pulse  quick  and 
high  and  the  Countenance  florid.  The  Tonsils  first,  and 
in  a  little  Time  the  whole  Throat  covered  with  a  whitish 
Crustula,  the  Tongue  furr'd,  and  the  Breath  fetid.  Upon 
the  2d,  3d.  or  4th  Day,  if  proper  Methods  are  used,  the 
Patient  is  cover'd  with  a  milliary  Eruption,  in  some  exactly 
resembling  the  Measels,  in  others  more  like  the  Scarlet 
Fever  (for  which  Distemper  it  has  frequently  been  mis 
taken  I  but  in  others  it  very  much  resembles  the  confluent 
Small  Pox.  When  the  Eruption  is  finished,  the  Tume- 
faction every  where  subsides,  the  Fever  abates,  and  the 
Slough  in  the  Throat  casts  off  and  falls.  The  Eruption 
often  disappears  about  the  6th  or  7th  Day  ;  tho'  it  some- 
times continues  visible  much  longer.  After  the  Eruption 
is  over,  the  Cuticle  scales  and  falls  off.  as  in  the  Conclu- 
sion of  the  Scarlet  Fever.  If  after  the  Cure  of  this 
Disease  Purging  be  neglected,  the  Sick  may  seem  to 
recover  Health  &  Strength  for  a  while;  yet  they  fre- 
quently in  a  little  Time  fall  again  into  grevious  Disorders; 
such  as  a  great  prostration  of  Strength,  loss  of  Appetite, 
hectical  Appearances,  sometimes  great  Dissiness  of  Sight, 
and  often  such  a  weakness  in  the  Joints  as  deprives  them 
of  the  Use  of  all  their  Limbs ;  and  some  of  them  are 
affected  with  scorbutick  Symptoms  of  almost  every  Kind. 
When  this  Distemper  appears  in  the  P'orm  now  des- 
cribed, it  is  not  very  dangerous :  I  have  seldom  seen 
an\'  die  with  it,  unless  by  a  sudden  Looseness,  that  calls 
in  the  Eruptions,  or  by  some  very  irregular  Treatment. 
But  there  are  several  other  very  different  Appearances  of 
the  Disease,  which  are  attended  with  more  frightful  and 
deadly  Consequences. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  9I 

2.  It  frequently  begins  with  a  slight  Indisposition, 
much  resembling  an  ordinary  Cold,  with  a  listless  Habit, 
a  slow  &  scarce  discernable  Fever,  some  soreness  of  the 
Throat  and  Tumefaction  of  the  Tonsils;  and  perhaps  a 
running  of  the  Nose,  the  Countenance  pale,  and  the  eyes 
dull  and  heav}\  The  Patient  is  not  confin'd,  nor  any 
Danger  apprehended  for  some  Days,  till  the  Fever  gradu- 
ally increases,  the  whole  Throat,  and  sometimes  the  Roof 
of  the  Mouth  and  Nostrils,  are  covered  with  a  cankerous 
Crust,  which  corrodes  the  contiguous  Parts,  and  fre- 
quently terminates  in  a  mortal  Gangreen,  if  not  by 
seasonable  Applications  prevented.  The  Stomach  is 
sometimes,  and  the  Lungs  often,  covered  with  the  same 
Crustula.  The  former  Case  is  discovered  by  a  vehement 
Sickness  of  the  Stomach,  a  perpetual  vomiting ;  and 
sometimes  by  ejecting  of  black  or  rusty  and  fetid  Matter, 
having  Scales  like  Bran  mixed  with  it,  which  is  a  certain 
Index  of  a  fatal  Mortification....  When  the  Lungs 
are  thus  affected,  the  Patient  is  first  afflicted  with  a  dry 
hollow  Cough,  which  is  quickly  succeeded  with  an  extra- 
odinary  Hoarseness  and  total  Loss  of  the  Voice,  with 
the  most  distressing  asthmatic  Symptoms  and  difficulty  of 
Breathing,  under  which  the  poor  miserable  Creature 
struggles,  until  released  by  a  perfect  Suffocation,  or  stop- 
page of  the  Breath.  This  last  has  been  the  fatal  Symp- 
tom, under  which  the  most  have  sunk,  that  have  died  in 
these  parts.  And  indeed  there  have  comparatively  but 
few  recovered,  whose  Lungs  have  been  thus  affected. 
All  that  I  have  seen  to  get  over  this  dreadful  Symptom, 
have  fallen  into  a  Ptyalism  or  Salivation,  equal  to  a  petit 
Flux  de  Bouche,  and  have  by  their  perpetual  Cough 
expectorated  incredible  Quantities  of  a  tough  whitish 
Slough  from  their  Lungs,  for  a  considerable  Time  to- 
gether.    And  on  the  other  Hand,  I  have  seen  large  Pieces 


92  HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 

of  this  Crust,  several  Inches  long  and  near  an  Inch  broad, 
torn  from  the  Lungs  by  the  vehemence  of  the  Cough, 
without  any  Signs  of  Digestion,  or  possibility  of  obtain- 
ing it. 

Before  I  dismiss  this  Head,  I  must  observe,  that  the 
Fever  which  introduces  the  terrible  Symptoms  now  des- 
cribed, does  not  always  make  such  a  slow  and  gradual 
Approach  :  but  sometimes  makes  a  fiercer  Attack  :  and 
might  probabl)'  be  thrown  off  b)-  the  Eruptions,  and  this 
Train  of  Terrors  prevented,  if  proper  Methods  were 
seasonably  used. 

3.  This  Distemper  sometimes  appears  in  the  Form  of 
an  Erysipelas.  The  Face  suddenly  inflames  and  swells, 
the  Skin  appears  of  a  darkish  Red,  the  Eyes  are  closed 
with  the  Tumefaction,  which  also  sometimes  extends 
through  the  whole  Neck  and  Chest.  Blisters  or  other 
small  Ulcers  here  and  there  break  out  upon  the  Tumor, 
which  corrode  the  adjacent  Parts;  and  quickly  bring  on  a 
Mortification,  if  not  by  some  happy  Means  prevented. 
Some  that  are  thus  affected,  are  at  the  same  Time  exer- 
cised with  all  the  terrible  Symptoms  above  described  ; 
and  some  with  none  of  them.  If  this  inflamed  Tumor  be 
not  quickly  discussed,  it  will  (I  think)  always  prove 
mortal. 

4.  Another  Appearance  of  this  Disease  is  in  external 
Ulcers:  which  break  out  frequently  behind  the  Ears; 
sometimes  they  cover  the  whole  Head  and  Forehead  ; 
sometimes  they  appear  in  the  Arm-Pits,  Groins,  Navil, 
Buttocks  or  Seat ;  and  sometimes  in  any  of  the  extream 
Parts.  These  are  covered  with  the  same  Kind  of  whitish 
Crustula,  above  described,  which  also  corrodes  the  con- 
tiguous Parts  ;  and  quickly,  if  not  prevented,  ends  in  a 
Mortification.  I  have  ordinarily  observed,  that  if  these 
outward  Ulcers  are  speedily  cured,  the  Throat  and  exter- 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE.  93 

nal  Parts  remain  free  from  the  above  mentioned  terrible 
Symptoms  ;  otherwise  the  miserable  Patient  must  pass 
thro'  the  whole  tragical  Scene  of  Terrors  before  repre- 
sented, if  an  external  Gangreen  don't  terminate  his  Agony 
and  Life  together. 

5.  Sometimes  this  Disease  appears  first  in  Bubo's  under 
the  Ears,  Jaws,  or  Chin,  or  in  the  Arm-Pits,  or  Groin. 
These,  if  quickly  ripened,  make  a  considerable  Discharge  ; 
which  brings  a  salutary  End  to  the  Disease  ;  otherwise 
they  quickly  end  in  a  fatal  Mortification  ;  or  else  bring  on 
the  whole  formention'd  Tragedy. 

6.  This  Disease  appears  sometimes  in  the  Form  of  a" 
Quinsey.  The  Lungs  are  inflamed,  the  Throat  and  es- 
pecially the  Epiglottis  exceedingly  tumefied.  In  a  ^cw 
Hours  the  Sick  is  brought  to  the  Height  of  an  Orthop- 
noea;  and  cannot  breathe  but  in  an  erect  Posture,  and 
then  with  great  Difficulty  and  Noise.  This  may  be 
distinguished  from  an  Angina,  by  the  Crustula  in  the 
Throat,  which  determines  it  to  be  a  Sprout  from  the 
same  Root  with  the  Symptoms  described  above.  In  this 
Case  the  Patient  sometimes  dies  in  twenty-four  hours.  I 
have  not  seen  any  one  survive  the  third  Day.  But  thro' 
the  Divine  Goodness  these  Symptoms  have  been  more 
rarely  seen  among  us.  and  there  have  been  but  few  in 
this  Manner  snatch'd  out  of  the  World. 

As  the  Symptoms  of  this  Distemper  are  very  different, 
so  the  Methods  of  Cure  should  be  respectively  accommo- 
dated to  them,  and  I  shall  therefore  consider  them  dis- 
tinctl}^ 

When  this  Distemper  makes  its  Attack  with  the 
Symptoms  of  a  high  Fever,  a  florid  Countenance  &c.,  (as 
in  the  first  Case  described)  the  first  Intention,  to  be 
pursued  towards  a  Cure,  is  to  bring  out  the  Eruptions  as 
soon  as  possible  ;  to  which  End,  I  order  the  Patient  to  be 


94  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

confin'd  in  Bed.  and  put  into  a  gentle  breathing  Sweat, 
till  they  appear.  A  Tea  Made  with  Virginian  Snake 
Root  and  English  Saffron,  with  a  few  Grains  of  Cochi- 
neal ;  A  Posset  made  with  Carduus  Mariae  boil'd  in  Milk, 
and  turn'd  with  Wine,  the  Lapis  contrayerva,  or  Gascoign- 
Powder  ;  any  or  all  of  these,  as  Occasions  require,  answer 
to  this  Purpose,  and  seldom  fail  of  Success. 

One  of  the  most  dangerous  Circumstances  that  attend 
this  Disease,  is  a  Looseness,  that  frequenth'  happens 
upon  the  first  Appearance  of  the  Eruptions;  which  must 
be  speedily  restrained,  and  the  Belh''  kept  bound,  lest  the 
morbisick  Matter,  evaporated  by  the  Pores,  be  recalled 
into  the  Blood,  and  prove  suddenly  fatal. — To  that  Pur- 
pose, I  ordinarily  advise  to  Venice-Treacle,  or  liquid 
Laudanum,  which  commonly  answer  all  Intentions. 
But  if  the  Patient  should  be  in  a  dozing  Habit,  that 
these  cannot  be  used,  or  if  these  should  fail  of  Success, 
any  other  Astringent  may  be  used  that  is  proper  in  a 
Diarrhoea. 

The  Ulcers  in  the  Throat  should  be  constantly  cleansed, 
from  the  Time  of  their  first  Appearance.  I  have  found 
the  following  Method  most  successful  to  this  Purpose. 
Take  Roman  Vitriol,  let  it  lie  as  near  the  Fire  as  a  Man 
can  bear  his  Hand,  till  it  be  thoroughly  calcined  and 
turn'd  white:  Put  about  eight  Grains  of  this  into  half  a 
Pint  of  Water:  La}^  down  the  Tongue  with  a  Spatula; 
and  gently  wash  off  as  much  of  the  Crust  as  will  easily 
separate,  with  a  fine  Ragg  fastened  to  the  End  of  a  Probe, 
or  Stick,  and  wet  in  this  Liquor  made  warm.  This  Oper- 
ation should  be  repeated  every  three  or  four  Hours. 

After  the  Eruptions  are  quite  gone,  the  Patient  should 
be  purged  two  or  three  times,  to  prevent  the  Consequen- 
ces above  described  ;  and  this  Rule  should  be  observed 
in  every  Form  of  the  Disease. 


HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE.  95 

If  after  the  Crise  of  this  Disease,  in  any  of  its  Appear- 
ances, the  Sick  should  fall  into  any  of  the  Disorders 
mentioned  under  the  first  Head,  such  as  Loss  of  Strength, 
a  feverish  Habit,  Dimness  of  Sight,  Weakness  of  the 
Joints,  &c.  Repeated  Purging  as  far  as  the  Patient's 
Strength  will  bear,  with  Elixir  Proprietatis  given  twice  a 
Day  in  a  Glass  of  generous  Wine,  will  constantly  remove 
these  Difficulties. 

Wlien  this  Disease  makes  a  more  slow  and  leisurely 
approach  with  a  lingering  Fever,  pale  Countenance,  &c.  as 
described  in  the  second  Case  ;  all  Attempts  to  bring  out 
the  milliary  Eruptions  seem  in  vain.  And  therefore,  tho' 
the  Sick  may  be  very  much  relieved  by  the  diaphoretick 
Medicines  above  mentioned  if  repeatedly  used  during  the 
Course  of  the  Illness;  yet  these  are  not  to  be  depended 
upon  for  a  Cure  ;  But  a  brisk  Purge  should  be  also  directed 
every  third  Day,  and  those  Catharticks  that  are  mixt  with 
Colomel  or  Mercurius  dulcis,  are  most  likely  to  be  ser- 
viceable, where  the  Age  and  Strength  of  the  Patient  will 
bear  it. 

If  there  be  an  extream  nauseating  and  vehement  Sick- 
ness of  the  Stomach,  that  can't  be  otherwise  quieted,  an 
Emetic  seems  necessary  ;  tho'  I  have  not  found  Encour- 
agement to  use  vomiting  Physick  in  any  other  Case. 

The  internal  Ulcers  of  the  Throat,  should  be  treated 
as  above  directed  ;  but  if  there  be  a  great  Tumefaction  of 
the  Glands,  I  order  externally  a  Plaister  of  Diachylon  cum 
Gummi  and  de  Ranis  cum  Mercurio  mixt  ;  and  internalK- 
the  following  Fumigation.  Take  Wormwood,  Penny- 
royal, the  Tops  of  St.  John's  Wort,  Camomile  Flowers 
and  Elder-Flowers,  of  each  equal  Parts  ;  boil  very  strong 
in  Water  ;  when  boil'd,  add  as  much  Brandy  or  Rum  as 
of  this  Decoction  ;  steam  the  Throat  through  a  Tunnel, 
as  hot  as  can  be  born,  three  or  four  Times  a  Day. 


96 


HISTORY   OF    MEDICINE. 


When  the  Luniks  are  seized  with  this  cankerous  Crus- 
tula,  which  is  indicated  by  the  Cough  and  Hoarseness 
above  described,  Mercurial  Catharticks  frequently  repeat- 
ed, seem  the  best  of  any  Thing  to  promote  Expectoration. 
I  have  also  found  Success  in  the  Use  of  the  Syrup  of  Red 
Poppies  and  Sperma  Ceti  mixt. 

When  this  Distemper  appears  in  the  Form  of  an  Ery- 
sipelas, I  have  used  the  following  Fomentation  with  good 
Success.  Take  Wormwood,  Mint,  Elder-Flowers,  Cam- 
momile-Flowers,  the  Tops  of  St.  John's  Wort,  Fennel- 
Seeds  pounded,  and  the  lesser  Century,  equal  Parts; 
Infuse  in  good  Brandy  or  Jamaica  Rum,  in  a  Stone-Jugg' 
well  stop'd,  and  kept  hot  by  the  Fire  ;  wet  a  Flannel 
Cloth  with  this  ;  and  after  moderately  squeezing  out  the 
Liquor,  apply  three  or  four  double  to  the  Tumor,  as  hot 
as  can  be  born,  every  Hour. — In  this  Case  I  repeat 
Purging,  as  above  directed. 

As  for  the  external  Ulcers  above  described  (under  the 
4th  Head)  they  may  be  always  safely  and  speedily  cured, 
by  applying  once  or  twice  a  Day  a  good  thick  Pledger  of 
fine  Tow  dipt  in  the  above  described  vitriolick  Water.  I 
have  never  known  this  fail  in  a  single  Instance,  when 
reasonably  used.  But  then  it  must  be  observed,  that 
some  of  these  Ulcers  will  require  this  Water  much  sharper 
with  the  Vitrol,  than  others  will  bear.  It  should  be  so 
sharp  as  to  bring  off  the  Slough,  dry  up  the  flow  of  corro- 
sive Humours,  and  promote  a  Digestion  :  but  it  must  not 
be  made  a  painful  Caustick.  In  this  the  Practitioner's 
Discretion  will  guide  him. 

I  need  not  say  any  more  respecting  the  Bubo's  men- 
tioned under  the  fifth  Head  ;  but  that  they  must  by  all 
possible  Means  be  ripen'd  as  quick  as  they  can  ;  and 
lanced  as  soon  as  they  are  digested  and  found  to  contain 
anv  Pus. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  97 

I  have  not  yet  found  any  effectual  Remedy  in  the  6th 
and  last  Case  described. 

Upon  the  Disease  in  general  I  have  made  the  following 
Remarks  ;  which  perhaps  may  be  of  some  Use. 

I  have  observ'd,  that  the  more  acute  the  Fever  is  on 
the  first  Seizure,  the  less  dangerous  ;  because  there's  more 
Hope  of  bringing  out  the  Eruptions. 

I  have  observ'd  that  there's  more  Danger  of  receiving 
Injury  from  a  cold  Air  in  this,  than  in  any  Eruptive  Fever 
I  have  seen.  The  Eruptions  are  easily  struck  in  ;  and 
therefore  there  ought  to  be  all  possible  Care,  that  the 
Sick  be  not  at  all  exposed  to  the  Air,  till  the  Eruptions 
are  quite  over  and  gone. 

I  have  also  observ'd  that  there's  much  greater  Danger 
from  this  Disease  in  cold  Weather,  than  in  hot.  In  cold 
Weather  it  most  commonly  appears  in  the  Form  described 
under  the  second  Head  ;  while  on  the  contrary,  a  hot 
Season  very  much  forwards  the  Eruptions. 

1  ha\^e  frequently  observ'd  that  once  having  this  Dis- 
ease is  no  Security  against  a  second  Attack.  I  have 
known  the  same  Person  to  have  it  four  Times  in  one 
Year:  tlie  last  of  which  prov'd  mortal.  I  have  known 
Numbers  that  have  passed  thro'  it  in  the  eruptive  Form 
in  the  Summer  Season,  that  have  died  with  it  the  suc- 
ceeding Fall  or  Winter  :  tho'  I  have  never  seen  any  upon 
whom  the  Eruptions  could  be  brought  out  more  than 
once. 

1  have  ordinarily  observ'd,  that  those  who  die  with  this 
Disease,  have  many  Purple  spots  about  them ;  which 
shews  the  Heiglit  of  Malignity  and  Pestilential  Quality  in 
this  terrible  Distemper. 

Thus,  Sir,  I  have  endeavoured  in  the  most  plain  and 
familiar  Manner  to  answer  your  Demands.  I  have  not 
attempted  a  Philosophical  Inquiry  into  the  Nature  of  this 


98  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

Disease,  nor  a  Rationale  upon  the  Methods  of  Cure.  I 
have  meant  no  more  than  briefly  to  communicate  to  you 
some  of  my  Experiences  in  this  Distemper,  which  I  pre- 
sume is  all  you  expect  from  me.  If  this  proves  of  any 
Service,  I  shall  have  Cause  of  Thankfulness  ;  If  not,  you'll 
kindly  accept  my  willingness  to  serve  you,  and  to  con- 
tribute what  I  can  towards  the  Relief  of  the  afflicted  and 
miserable. 

I  am.  Sir 

Your  most  humble  Servant 

Jonathan  Dickinson. 
Elizabeth  Town,  N.  Jersey  Febr,  20,  i/Sf. 

POSTSCRIPT. 

Since  I  wrote  this  Letter  I  am  inform'd  by  a  Gentle- 
man of  the  Profession,  who  has  had  very  great  Improve- 
ment in  this  Distemper,  That  he  has  found  out  a  Method 
of  Cure,  which  seldom  fails  of  Success  in  all  the  forms  of 
this  Disease  herein  described,  (the  first,  fourth  and  fifth 
only  excepted,  which  should  be  treated  as  above  directed) 
and  that  is  a  Decoction  of  the  Root  of  the  Dart  Weed,  or 
(as  it  is  here  called)  the  Squaw  Root.  He  orders  about 
an  Ounce  of  this  Root  to  be  boiled  in  a  Quart  of  Water, 
to  which  he  adds  when  strain'd,  a  Jill  of  Rum  and  two 
Ounces  of  Loaf-Sugar  ;  and  boils  again  to  the  Consump- 
tion of  one  quarter  Part.  This  he  gives  his  Patients 
frequenth'  to  drink,  and  A\ith  this  orders  them  frequently 
to  gargle  their  Throats;  allowing  no  internal  Medicine 
but  this  only,  during  the  whole  Course  of  the  Disease, 
excepting  a  Purge  or  two  in  the  Conclusion.  I  have  seen 
a  surprising  Effect  of  this  Method  in  one  Instance  ;  and 
shall  make  what  further  Observations  I  can.  And  if  this 
answers  my  present  Hopes,  I  shall  endeavour  to  give  you 
further  Information, 


ti 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  99 

The  Dart  Weed  Grows  with  a  straight  Stalk  six  or 
eight  Foot  high,  is  jointed  every  eight  or  ten  Inches 
apart ;  and  bears  a  large  white  Tassel  on  the  Top,  when 
in  the  Flower.     The  Root  is  black  and  bitterish. 

FINIS. 


c. 

(  From  page  36  J 

salmon's  herbal. 

Piper  Aquaticum  or  Arsmart,  Virtue's,  the  Herb.  It  is  hot  and 
dry,  used  chiefly  in  wounds,  Hard  Tumours  and  inveterate  Ulcers. 
Some  use  it  in  the  transplantation  of  Disease  and  removing-  of  En- 
chantments. The  green  herb  strewed  in  a  chamber  is  said  to  kill  all 
fleas,  and  a  good  handful,  put  under  a  Horse's  Saddle,  will  make  him 
go  brisklv,  altho  half  tyred  before.  It  is  a  specifick  against  Stone  and 
Cjra\el  in  both  the  reins  and  bladder  and  has  cured  to  admiration 
when  all  other  things  in  the  World  have  failed.  The  juice  given  in 
Port  Wine  provokes  the  Terms,  facilitates  the  Birth,  and  brings  away 
the  Afterbirth.  It  provokes  Urine,  and  opens  obstructions  of  the  Uri- 
nary passages.  The  Essence  comforts  the  Head,  Nerves,  Stomach, 
Lungs,  Womb  and  Reins,  and  is  admirable  against  all  cold  and  moist 
diseases  of  the  Brain,  Nerves  and  Womb,  as  Falling  Sickness,  Vertigo, 
Letharg\%  Apoplexy,  Palsie,  Megrim,  Barreness  (S:c. ;  and  made  into  a 
Syrup  with  honey,  it  is  a  good  Pectoral. 

Asphodel  Asphodelus.  Qualities.  Hot  and  dry  almost  in  the 
third  degree.  They  are  Emetick,  Incide,  Attenuate,  Open,  Discuss, 
Resolve,  and  are  \'ulnerary.  They  are  also  Cephalick,  Neurotick,  Pec- 
toral, Hysterick  and  Nephritick.  They  are  known  by  experience  to 
be  peculiar  against  the  Kings  Evil  as  the  signature  in  the  roots 
demonstrate. 

Asparagus.  Qualities.  Temperate  in  respect  to  heat  and  cold- 
ness, drj-ness  or  moisture.  They  incide,  attenuate,  open,  cleane  and 
are  very  Diuretick  and  Nephritick,  and  if  authors  say  true  Spermato- 
genetick  withal. 

Preparattotts.  Roots,  Seeds,  distilled  water  of  the  whole  plant 
when  the  Berries  are  red.  The  tender  shoots  or  heads — The  Decoc- 
tion or  Juice — The  Essence — The  Saline  Tincture — A  Gargarine — A 
Bath. 


100  HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE. 

Beans.  Garden  or  Bastard.  The  strong  broth  nutritious  in  the 
highest  degree.  And  by  reason  the  Bean  especially  the  field  kind  has 
the  signature  of  the  Glans  Penis,  Phythagoras  and  his  followers 
judged  them  to  provoke  lust,  which  afterwards  by  multitudes  of 
e.xperiments  and  observations,  has  been  confirmed  to  us,  even  from 
that  time  to  this  day. 

Bryonia.  Solid  substances  of  the  Root,  Pessary,  being  put  to  the 
Womb,  it  provokes  the  terms  in  women,  opens  obstructions  of  the 
Womb  and  educes  both  Birth  and  Afterbirth,  as  also  the  dead  child. 

Nightshade.  SoIcdiuih  Lcthale.  Pessary,  made  of  the  green 
herb,  beaten  and  brought  to  a  consistance  with  Barley  Flowers — Being 
put  to  the  Womb,  it  stops  the  ovei'tiowing  of  the  Terms,  and  the  flu.x 
of  the  Whites  in  Women. 


D. 

( Frot?i  page  36  J 
This   Indenture  made  the  Seventh  day  of  August,  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth  year  of  his  Majesty's  reign  George  the  Second,  and  in  the  year 
of  Christ  One  thousand   Seven  Hundred  and   Sixty,  Witnesseth  that 
Jacobus  Hubbard  Son  of  James  Hubbard  of  Gravesend   on   Nassau 
Island   and   Province  of   New   York   Farmer,  hath  put   himself   &  by 
these  presents  doth  voluntarily  and  of  his  own  free  will  and  accord 
and  bv  and  with  the  consent  of  his  Father  and  Mother  put  himself  as 
an   Apprentice  unto  William  Clark  of  Freehold  in  Monmouth  Co.  in 
East    New   Jerseys    Doctor   and  Surgeon,^    to  be  taught  in  the  said 
practice  of  a  Doctor  and  Surgeon,  and  in  all  the  several  branches  of 
Physic  which  tiie  said    William    Clark   i)ractices  within  the  said   town 
herein  mentioned  :  and  with  him  to  live  after  the  manner  of  such  an 
Apprentice  to  continue  and  serve  from  the  day  of  the  date  hereof  unto 
the  full  end  of  Four  Years  and  Eight  months  from  thence  next  ensuing 
and  fully  to  be  compleated  and  ended.     During  all  which  Term  the 
said   Apprentice  his  said   Master  well  and  faithfully  shall  serve,  his 
secrets  keep,  his  lawful  commands  gladly  every    where  obey.      He 
shall  do  no  damage  to  his  said  Master,  nor  see  it  to  be  done  by  others 
without  letting  or  giving  notice  to  his  said  Master.     He  shall  not  con- 
tract matrimony  within  the  said  term.     At  cards,  dice  or  any  other 
unlawful  game  he  shall  not  play,  whereby  his  said   Master  may  have 

'  We  can  find  no  record  or  memorial  of  Dr.  Clark  other  than  thi.s  indenture. 


HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE.  lOI 

Damage.  He  shall  not  absent  himself  day  or  night  from  his  said 
Master's  Service  without  his  leave,  nor  hant  Ale  houses  Taverns  or 
play  houses,  but  in  all  things  as  a  faithful  Apprentice  he  shall  behave 
himself  towards  his  said  Master  all  his  during  his  said  term.  And  the 
Said  Master  during  the  S'd  term  shall  by  the  best  of  his  Means  or 
Methods  Arts  and  Mysterys  of  a  Physician  and  Surgeon  as  he  now 
professes  Teach  or  cause  the  said  Apprentice  to  be  Taught  to  perfec- 
tion in  consideration  of  the  sum  of  One  Hundred  Pounds  Lawful 
money  of  New  York  to  him  in  hand  paid  by  the  said  James  Hubbard 
(in  four  payments)  that  is  to  say  Thirty  Pounds  in  hand  down,  and 
the  remainder  in  Four  Equal  payments,  One  each  year  till  the  whole 
is  paid.  And  the  said  William  Clark  Acknowledges  himself  therewith 
contented  and  the  Receipt  thereof.  And  the  said  Master  is  to  pro- 
vide his  said  Apprentice  with  sufficient  Meat  Drink  Washing  and 
Lodging  and  Mending  his  said  clothes  within  the  Said  term.  And 
the  said  James  Hubbard  is  to  find  him  in  wearing  apparel  during  said 
term  aforesaid.  At  the  end  of  Said  term  the  Said  Master  shall  and 
will  give  unto  the  said  Apprentice  a  new  set  of  surgeon's  pocket 
instruments — Soloman's  Dispensatory,  Ouences  Dispensatory  and 
Fuller  on  Fevers,  and  for  the  true  performance  of  all  and  every  of  the 
said  covenants  and  agreements  of  Either  of  the  said  parties  Do  bind 
themselves  Jointly  and  Severally  to  the  other  by  these  presents.  In 
witness  whereof  they  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and  Seals  the  Day 
and  Date  first  written. 

Sealed  and  Delivered  in  jACOBUS  Hubbard,  l.  s. 

the  presence  of  Wm.  CLARK.  L.  S. 

Pocket  interlined  before  signing. 

JOHNNis  Gerritson,  James  Hubbard.  L.  S. 

Rich.  Prest. 

Receiv'd   Thirty  Pounds   in    part  of   the  within  this  Seventh  day  of 

August,  1760. 

Wm.  Clark. 

1761   July   ye    6  then  Received  by  ye    hands  of  Mr.  James   Hub- 
bard ye    sum  of  ^17.    10.  o  it  being  ye    first  payment  of  {jo.  o.  o. 

Received    pf    me   Wal  Clark. 

[Copied  from  the  original  in  the  possession  of  Dr.  J.  E.  Stillwell,  143  E.  21st 
Street,  N.  Y.] 


I02  HISTORY   OF    MEDICINE. 

E. 

( From  page  38,  ^ 

Medical  certificate  to  Mr.  Samuel  Treat,  1765. 

Philadelphia.  This  is  to  certif}'  all  whom  it  may  con- 
cern that  Mr.  Saml.  Treat  hath  served  as  an  Apprentice 
to  me  for  nearly  four  years,  during  which  time  he  was 
constantly  employed  in  the  practice  of  Physic  and  Sur- 
gery under  my  care,  not  only  in  my  private  business,  but 
in  the  Penns}'lvania  Hospital  in  which  character  he  always 
behaved  with  great  Fidelity  and  Industry.  In  Testimony 
of  w^hich,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  this  first  day  of 
September  One  thousand  Seven  hundred  and  Sixty  five. 

Signed    JOHN  REDMAN. 

We  whose  names  are  underwritten  do  Certif}',  that  Mr. 
Samuel  Treat  hath  diligently  attended  the  practice  of 
Physic  and  Surgery  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for 
several  years.  Signed     Thos.  Cadwalader, 

•  Phineas  Bond, 
Th.  Bond, 
Wm.  Siiippen, 
C.  Evans. 

This  is  to  Certify  that  Samuel  Treat  hath  attended  a 
course  of  Anatomical  Lectures  with  the  greatest  diligence 
and  assiduity. 

Signed    VVlLLIAM  SlllPPEN,  jR. 


F. 

(From  page  SS-) 

An  Act  To  Reg-ulate  the  Practice  of  Physic  and  Surger}-  within  the 

Colony  of  New  Jersey. 

Passed  Sept.  26,  1772. 

"Whereas,  many  ignorant    and   unskilful  persons  in   Physic  and 
Surgery,  to  gain  a  subsistance,  do  take  uj)on  themselves  to  administer 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  IO3 

Physic  and  practice  Surgery,  in  the  Colony  of  New  Jersey,  to  the 
endangering  of  the  Lives  and  Limbs  of  their  Patients  ;  and  many  of 
His  Majesty's  Subjects  who  have  been  pursuaded  to  become  their 
Patients  have  been  Suffering  thereby ;  for  the  Pre\ention  of  such 
Abuses  for  the  future 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Governor,  Cminctl  and  General  Assembly 
and  it  is  hereby  Efiacted  by  the  Aiithority  of  the  same,  That  from  and 
after  the  Publication  of  this  act,  no  Person  whatsoever  shall  practice 
as  a  Physician  or  Surgeon,  within  this  Colony  of  New  Jersey,  before 
he  shall  have  first  been  examined  in  Physic  or  Surgery,  approved  of, 
and  admitted  by  any  two  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  for  the 
time  being,  taking  to  their  Assistance  for  such  Examination  such 
])roper  Person  or  Persons,  as  they  in  their  Discretion  shall  think  tit, 
for  which  Service  the  said  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  as  aforesaid, 
shall  be  Entitled  to  a  Fee  of  twenty  shillings,  to  be  paid  by  the 
Person  applying  ;  and  if  any  Candidate,  after  due  Examination  of  his 
Learning  and  Skill  in  Physic  or  Surgery,  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  ap- 
proved and  admitted  to  practice  as  a  Physician  or  Surgeon,  or  both, 
the  said  Examiners,  or  any  two  or  more  shall  give  under  their  Hands 
and  Seals,  to  the  Person  so  admitted  as  aforesaid,  a  Testimonial  of 
his  Examination  and  Admission  in  the  Form  following  to  wit : 

To  all  to  whom  these  presents  shall  come  or  may  concern  ;  Know 
Ye,  that  We  whose  Names  are  hereunto  subscribed,  in  Pursuance  oT 
an  Act  of  the  Governor,  Council,  and  General  Assembly  of  the  Colony 
of  New  Jersey,  made  in  tlie  Twelfth  Year  of  the  Reign  of  our  Sover- 
eign Lord  King  George  the  Third,  Entitled,  An  Act  to  regulate  the 
Practice  of  Physic  and  Surgery  within  the  Colony  of  A\'w  Jersey, 
having  duly  examined  of  Physician  or  Surgeon,  or  Physi- 

cian and  Surgeon  as  the  case  may  be,  And  having  approved  of  his 
Skill,  do  admit  him  as  a  Physician  or  Surgeon  or  Physician  and  Surg- 
eon to  practice  in  the  said  Faculty  or  Faculties,  throughout  the  Colony 
of  New  Jersey.  In  Testimony  whereof  we  have  hereunto  subscribed 
our  Names  and  affixed  our  Seals  to  this  Instrument,  at  this 

Day  of  Annoque  Piomini  17 

2.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforesaid,  That  if  any 
Person  or  Persons  shall  practice  as  a  Physician  or  Surgeon  or  both  with- 
in the  Colony  of  New  Jersey,  without  such  Testimonial  as  aforesaid, 
he  shall  forfeit  and  pay  for  every  such  ( )ffence  the  Sum  of  Fi7ie  Pou/ids  ; 


[04  HISTORY    OF    MEDICINE. 

one  Half  thereof  to  the  Use  of  any  Person  or  Persons  who  shall  sue 
for  the  same,  and  the  other  Half  to  the  Use  of  the  Poor  of  any  City  or 
Township  where  such  Person  shall  so  practise  contrary  to  the  Tenor 
of  this  Act ;  to  be  recorded  in  any  Court  where  Sums  of  this  Amount 
are  cognizable,  with  Costs  of  Suit. 

3.  Prcnnded  always,  that  this  Act  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend 
to  any  Person  or  Persons  administering  l^hysic  or  practising  Surgery 
before  the  publication  hereof,  within  this  Colony,  or  to  any  Person 
bearing  His  Majesty's  Commission  and  employed  in  his  Service  as  a 
Physician  or  Surgeon. 

And  provided  always  that  nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  construed  to 
hinder  any  Person  or  Persons  from  bleeding,  drawing  Teeth,  or  giving 
Assistance  to  any  Person,  for  which  Services  such  Persons  shall  not 
be  entitled  to  make  any  Charge,  or  recover  any  Reward. 

Provided  also,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  construed  to 
hinder  any  skillful  Physician  or  Surgeon  from  any  of  the  neighboring 
Colonies  being  sent  for  upon  any  particular  Occasion,  from  practising 
on  such  Occasion  within  this  Colony. 

4.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  by  the  Authority  aforesaid.  That 
any  Person  now  practising  Physic  or  Surgery,  or  that  shall  hereafter 
be  licensed  as  by  this  Act  is  directed,  shall  deliver  his  Account  or  Bill 
of  Particulars  to  all  and  every  Patient  in  plain  English  Words,  or 
as  nearly  so  as  the  Articles  will  admit  of ;  all  and  every  of  which 
Accounts  shall  be  liable,  whenever  the  Patient,  his  Executors  or 
Administrators  shall  require,  to  be  taxed  by  any  one  or  more  of  the 
Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  or  any  one  or  more  of  the  Judges  of 
the  Inferior  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  the  County,  City  or  Borough 
wherein  the  party  complaining  resides,  calling  to  their  Assistance  such 
persons  therein  skilled  as  they  may  think  proper. 

5.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforesaid :  That 
every  Physician  Surgeon  or  Mountebank  Doctor  who  shall  come  into, 
and  travel  through  this  Colony,  and  erect  any  Stage  or  Stages  for  the 
sale  of  Drugs  or  Medicines  of  any  Kind,  shall  for  every  such  Offence 
forfeit  and  pay  the  sum  of  Txuenty  Pounds,  Proclamation  money ;  to 
be  recovered  in  any  Court  where  the  same  may  be  cognizable,  with 
Costs  of  Suit ;  one  Half  to  the  Person  who  will  prosecute  the  same  to 
Effect,  the  other  Half  to  the  use  of  the  Poor  of  any  City,  Borough, 
Township  or  Precinct  where  the  Offence  shall  be  committed. 


HISTORY   OF    MEDICINE.  I05 

6.  And  he  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforesaid.  That  this 
Act.  and  every  clause  and  Article  herein  contained,  shall  continue  and 
be  in  Force  for  the  Space  of  Five  Years,  and  from  thence  until  the 
End  of  the  next  Session  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  no  longer. 

Proz'incia/  Laws  of  N.  J". 

[This  law  was  re-enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  N.  J.  in  1784.] 


G. 

( From  page  ^6.) 

AX  ACT 

For  Incorporating  a  Certain  Number  of  the  Phvsician.<^ 
AND  Surgeons  of  this  State,  by  the  Style  and  Title  of 

THE  MEDICAL  SOCIETY  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

Preamble.  Forasmuch  as  a  number  of  the  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons of  this  State,  have  by  their  petition  set  forth  that  they  have 
long  since  formed  themselves  into  a  Society  by  the  name  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  and  that  the  objects  of  their  associa- 
tion have  been  to  maintain  an  uninterrupted  intercourse  and  commu- 
nication of  sentiments  with  one  another,  to  cultivate  liberality  and 
harmony  among  themselves,  to  promote  uniformity  in  the  practice  of 
phvsic  on  the  most  modern  and  approved  systems,  to  correspond  with 
and  receive  intelligence  from  the  like  societies  abroad,  and  generally 
to  improve  the  science  of  medicine  and  to  alleviate  human  misery, 
and  have  prayed  the  aid  of  legislative  authority  to  enable  them  more 
fully  to  cany  into  effect  the  good  purposes  of  their  Society ;  and  the 
Legislature  being  willing  and  desirous  that  they  might  be  enabled  to 
make  such  laws  and  regulations  for  the  admission  and  government  of 
their  own  members,  to  preserve  with  safety  such  valuable  curiosities 
of  the  animal,  vegetable  and  mineral  kingdoms  as  may  be  discovered 
in  this  country  or  sent  them  from  abroad,  and  to  record  and  preserve 
their  experiments  and  discoveries  and  the  success  of  their  various 
investigations  ;  therefore 

Sec.  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Council  and  (ieneral  Assembly  of  this 
S'.ate,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority  of  the  same,  That 
Moses  Bloomtield,  John  Griffith,  William  Burnett,  Ebenezer  Blackley, 
Isaac  Harris,  Thomas  Wiggins,  Hezekiah  Stites,  James  Newell.  Isaac 
Smith.  Jabez   Canfield,  Samuel    Kennedy,  Thomas   Henderson.  Jona- 


Io6  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

than  Elmer,  Thomas  Barber.  John  Beatty,  Elisha  Newell,  Benjamin 
Stockton,  Moses  Scott,  Lewis  Dunham,  Jonathan  F.  Morris,  John  G. 
Wall,  Hezekiah  S.  Woodruff,  John  A.  Scudder,  Abraham  Howard, 
Robert  Henr}^  James  Stratten,  David  Greenman,  Thomas  Griffith, 
Benjamin  Tallman,  George  W.  Campbell.  Edward  Taylor,  Lewis 
Morgan,  John  Cooper,  Archibald  McCalla,  Thomas  Montgomery, 
Isaac  Ogden,  William  Canheld,  Abraham  Canfield.  Samuel  Coven- 
hoven,  Abel  Johnson,  Samuel  Shute,  Francis  Bowes  Sayre,  Cyrus 
Pearson,  John  Reeves,  Samuel  Forman,  William  Stilwell,  Paul  Mercheau, 
Ebenezer  Elmer,  Hendrick  Schenck,  John  Abraham  DeNormandie; 
and  such  other  persons  as  shall  be  admitted  into  the  said  Society  ac- 
cording to  the  rules  thereof,  shall  be,  and  they  are  hereby  declared  to 
be  a  body  politic  and  corporate  for  the  term  of  twenty-five  years,  and 
from  thence  to  the  end  of  the  next  sitting  of  the  Legislature,  and  shall 
henceforth  be  called,  distinguished  and  known  by  the  name  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  and  by  that  name  they  shall  have  suc- 
cession. 

Sec.  2.  And  be  it  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that  the  above 
named  Moses  Bloomfield,  John  Griffith,  William  Burnett,  Ebenezer 
Blackley,  Isaac  Harris,  Thomas  Wiggins,  Hezekiah  Stites,  James 
Newell,  Isaac  Smith,  Jabez  Canfield,  Samuel  Kennedy,  Thomas  Hen- 
derson, Jonathan  Elmer,  Thomas  Barber,  John  Beatty,  Elisha  Newell, 
Benjamin  Stockton,  Moses  Scott.  Lewis  Dunham,  Jonathan  F.  Morris, 
John  G.  Wall,  Hezekiah  S.  Woodruff,  John  A.  Scudder,  Abraham 
Howard,  Robert  Henr}',  James  Stratten,  David  Greenman,  Thomas 
Griffith,  Benjamin  Tallman,  George  W.  Campbell,  Edward  Taylor, 
Lewis  Morgan,  John  Cooper,  Archibald  McCalla.  Thomas  Mont- 
gomery, Isaac  Ogden,  William  Canfield,  Abraham  Canfield,  Samuel 
Covenhoven,  Abel  Johnson,  Samuel  Shute,  F"rancis  B.  Sayre, 
Cyrus  Pearson,  John  Reeves,  Samuel  Forman,  William  Stilwell,  Paul 
Mercheau,  Ebenezer  Elmer,  Hendrick  Schenck,  John  A.  DeNormandie 
and  their  successors,  be  and  they  are  hereby  authorized  in  law  to 
purchase,  take,  hold,  receive  and  enjoy  any  messuages,  houses,  build- 
ings, lands,  tenements,  rents,  possessions  and  other  hereditaments  in 
fee  simple  or  otherwise ;  and  also  goods,  chattels,  legacies  and  dona- 
tions given  to  the  said  Society  in  any  way  or  manner,  to  the  amount 
of  five  hundred  pounds ;  and  also,  that  they  and  their  successors  by 
the  name  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  shall  and  may  give, 
grant  and  demise,  assign,   sell   or  otherwise  dispose  of  all  or  any  of 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  IO7 

their  messuag'es,  houses,  lands,  tenements,  rents,  possessions  and 
other  hereditaments  and  all  other  goods,  chattels  and  other  things 
aforesaid  as  to  them  shall  seem  meet ;  and  also,  that  they  and  their 
successors  by  the  name  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  be.  and 
for  the  term  aforesaid  shall  be  able  in  law  and  capable  to  sue  and  be 
sued,  implead  and  be  impleaded,  answer  and  be  answered,  defend  and 
be  defended  in  all  courts  of  judicature  whatsoever  ;  and  further,  that 
the  members  for  the  time  being  and  their  successors  shall,  and  mav 
for  the  term  aforesaid,  hereafter  have  and  use  a  common  seal,  with 
such  device  or  devices  as  they  shall  think  proper,  for  sealing  all  and 
singular  deeds,  grants,  conveyances,  contracts,  bonds,  articles  of 
agreement,  assignments,  powers,  authorities,  and  all  and  singular 
their  instruments  of  writing  touching  or  concerning  their  corporation  ; 
and  also,  that  the  said  members  and  their  successors  for  the  term 
aforesaid  may,  and  as  often  as  they  shall  judge  expedient  break, 
change  and  new  make  the  same  or  any  other  their  common  seal. 

Sec.  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that 
for  the  preservation  of  good  order  and  carr}-ing  more  fully  into  effect 
the  good  principles  and  objects  of  the  said  Society,  there  shall  and 
may  be  in  the  said  Society,  one  president  who  shall  be  the  keeper  of 
the  common  seal,  and  vice-president,  who  shall  preside  in  the  absence 
of  the  president ;  a  treasurer  and  recording  secretary,  all  of  which 
officers  shall  be  appointed  by  ballot,  and  shall  continue  one  year  from 
the  time  of  entering  on  their  respective  offices,  and  until  others  are 
appointed  in  their  stead,  and  there  shall  likewise  be  one  other  secre- 
tar)',  to  be  considered  and  called  the  corresponding  secretary,  whose 
office  shall  continue  during  the  pleasure  of  the  said  Societv. 

Sec.  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that 
Moses  Scott  shall  be,  and  he  hereby  is  appointed  president,  Thomas 
Barber,  vice-president,  Thomas  Wiggins,  treasurer,  and  P'rancis 
Bowes  Sayre,  recording  secretary,  to  hold  the  said  respective  offices 
and  to  perform  and  execute  the  duties  thereunto  appertaining,  until  the 
first  Tuesday  in  November,  1790;  and  henceforth  and  for  the  term 
aforesaid,  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  members  of  the  said 
Society,  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  November,  yearly  and  every  year,  to 
elect  by  ballot  a  president,  vice-president,  secretarj'  and  treasurer^who 
shall  continue  in  office  until  superseded  by  a  new  election,  and  that 
John  Beatty  be  and  he  is  hereby  appointed  corresponding  secretary, 
to  continue  in  office  as  prescribed  in  the  section  immediately  ]ireceding. 


I08  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINK. 

Sec.  5.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that 
the  said  Society,  or  any  fifteen  members  when  met,  whereof  the  presi- 
dent or  vice-president  and  one  of  the  secretaries  always  to  be  a  part, 
shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  all  business  relative  to  the  Society : 
Provided  alwavs,  that  no  measure  entered  into  at  any  meeting  of  the 
Society  where  not  more  than  seventeen  members  are  present  shall  be 
binding-,  unless  nine  be  consenting  thereto :  and  in  all  other  cases 
where  more  than  seventeen  are  present,  a  majority  of  the  members 
shall  decide. 

SfX".  6.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  that  the  said  Society  when  met. 
shall  have  full  power  and  authority  from  time  to  time  and  at  all  times 
hereafter,  to  make  such  laws,  ordinances  and  constitutions  for  the 
well  ordering  and  governing  the  said  Society,  or  which  shall  have  any 
tendency  to  promote  the  benevolent  objects  and  principles  of  the  in- 
stitution, and  which  shall  be  obligatory  on  the  members  thereof,  and 
the  same  to  alter,  diminish  and  reform,  as  to  them  shall  seem  neces- 
sary and  convenient  :  Provided  always,  that  such  laws,  ordinances 
and  constitutions  be  not  repugnant  to  the  laws  of  this  State,  or  of  the 
United  States. 

Passed  at  Perth  Amboy,  June  2,  1790. 

[Acts  of  the  General  Assembly  of  N.  J.] 


H. 

(From  page  jo.) 
MONEY. 
The  coin  wliich  was  broui^ht  into  New  England  b}'  the 
early  emigrants  soon  found  its  way  back  to  the  old 
country  in  exchange  for  imported  goods.  To  check  this 
drain  of  specie,  Massachusetts  resorted  to  the  experiment 
of  coining  shillings,  sixpences  and  threepences,  alloyed 
one  quarter  below  the  English  standard.  These  pieces 
are  known  now  as  the  pine  tree  shillings,  from  having  a 
pine  tree  on  one  side  and  "  New  England  "  on  the  ob- 
verse. The  pound  currency  of  New  England  thus  became 
one  fourth  less  valuable  than  the  pound  Sterling  of 
England.     This    standard    was   subsequently   established 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  IO9 

by  act  of  Parliament  for  all  the  North  American  Colonies. 

Diversity  in  the  moneys  of  account,  and  of  the  rates  at 
which  the  Spanish  coins,  which  were  chiefly  in  circulation, 
passed  current  in  the  different  Colonies,  became  a  cause 
of  much  complaint.  The  idea  that  prevailed  that  coin 
might  be  kept  in  the  country  by  enhancing  its  nominal 
value,  proved  fallacious.  ^ 

"In  1704  Queen  Anne  issued  a  proclamation  for  set- 
tling the  currency  rates  of  foreign  coins  in  the  American 
Plantations.  After  reciting  the  inconveniences  occasioned 
by  the  different  rates  of  coin,  and  that  the  officers  of  the 
mint  had  laid  before  her  a  table  of  the  value  of  the  several 
foreign  coins  which  actually  pass  in  payment  in  the  plan- 
tations according  to  the  weight  and  assays  thereof,  viz., 
Seville  pieces  of  eight  and  the  "  old  rix  dollars  of  the 
Empire  "  the  same  value,  and  various  other  enumerated 
coins,  at  a  value  stated  according  to  their  weight  and 
fineness.  She  declares  ''^  *  *  *  that  after  the  ist  of  Jany. 
next  no  Seville,  pillar,  or  Mexican  pieces  of  Eight  though 
of  the  full  weight  of  Seventeen  and  a  half  pennyweights 
shall  be  passed  or  taken  in  the  Colonies  or  Plantations  at 
above  the  rate  of  six  shillings  per  piece,  and  other  silver 
coins  in  the  same  proportion." ^ 

This  proclamation  in  1707  was  sustained  by  an  act  of 
Parliament  inflicting  penalties  upon  those  who  disregarded 
it.  It  was  notwithstanding  evaded  in  some  of  the  Colo- 
nies and  disregarded  in  others,  but  the  rate  of  six  shillings^ 
to  the  dollar  remained  the  legal  standard  down  to  the 
Revolution  and  was  known  as  "Proclamation  Money. ""^ 

To  illustrate  the  confusion  caused   by  the  dis:-cgard  of 


'  Hildreth's  His. 


HUdreth  s  His. 
'  Elmer's  His.  of  Cumberland  Co.,  Chapter  on  Currency 
'  Seventy-two  pence. 
*  Hildrelh. 


no  HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE. 

the  proclamation  we  quote  again  from  Judge  Elmer's 
treatise.  "  In  1753  a  struggle  began  between  the  Assem- 
bly (of  Pennsylvania)  and  the  Go\'ernor  which  lasted  many 
years.  In  1775  Gov.  Morris  states  in  an  angry  message 
to  the  Assembly  *  I  said  the  act  of  the  6th  of  Queen 
Anne  for  ascertaining  the  rates  of  foreign  coins  in  Amer- 
ica was  shamefully  slighted,  and  disregarded  in  this 
Province  and  I  say  so  still.  It  is  known  to  you  and 
every  one,  that  Spanish  pieces  of  Eight  do  now  and  for  a 
number  of  years  have  passed  current  at  7s.  6d.  when  that 
act  requires  that  they  should  pass  at  6s.  only  ;  and  that 
other  coins  are  corrupt  in  nearly  the  same  proportion,  from 
whence  it  appears  that  though  you  call  your  paper  bills 
money  according  to  Queen  Anne's  proclamation  it  really 
is  not  so,  but  twenty-five  per  cent,  worse.' 

The  monthly  pay  of  the  soldiers  raised  by  order  of 
Congress  in  1775  is  stated  in  dollars  and  thirds  of  a  dollar. 
e.  g.  The  pay  of  hospital  Surgeons  was  '  one  dollar  and 
two  thirds  of  a  dollar  per  day.'  Amounts  of  money  are 
subsequenth'  stated  in  the  Acts  of  Congress  in  dollars 
and  ninetieth  parts  of  a  dollar  showing  that  the  dollar 
then  had  the  value  of  7s.  6d.  or  90  pence.  "^ 

This  (called  "  Yorke  Money  ")  was  the  currency  in  New 
Jersey  after  the  war. 


I. 

(Frompa^ejs-) 
ELMER   ACCOUNTS. 
JOHN  SIMPSON,  Dr. 

Feb.  4,  1786.     To  visit,  self.  Gut  Sudorific,  ?ij  (Noct.) £o    4 

' '    Gut.  Paregor,  Haust o    2 

' '    Phlebotomy o    i 

N.'^THANIEL  ROLFF,                                        Dr. 
Dec.  5,  1792.    Inoculat.  Son,  and  daughter  Betsy £0    7 


>  Elmer. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


Ill 


GEORGE  CORY,  (in  the  village.)  Dr. 

Mar.  2,  1790.     To  Inoculat.  self  and  child ^i    4    o 

Charges  for  Emetics  are  very  frequent  :  they  were  evidently  considered  well 
adapted  for  opening  the  case.  "  Phlebotomy,"  "  Venesection,"  were  ne.xt  in 
order,  and  frequently  resorted  to.  Anodynes  followed  the  bleeding.  "  Hydrarg." 
\i2iS  frequently  exhibited. 

WILLIA-M  WILLCOX,                                Dr. 
July  2,  1789.     To  Visit,  &  Reduc.  Frac.  Femur,  Cornelius £p  16    o 

SEARING  PARSONS,                                  Dr. 
Nov.  19,  1785.     To  Visit,         (Bill) ^o    i    o 

Judging  from  the  large  number  of  widows  with  whom  accounts  were  opened, 
"  Turkey  "  must  have  furnished  its  full  proportion  of  those  patriots,  who  died  for 
liberty  in  "  the  times  that  tried  men's  souls." 

BENJAMIN  WILLCOX,                            Dr. 
Dec.  23,  1792.     To  Inoculat.  &  Boarding  self £\    2    6 

The  average  fee  for  Phlebotomy  was  is.  — for  Inoculation  with  Small  Pox,  7s. 
6d. — for  extract.  Tooth,  is. — for  a  village  visit,  is. — but  enough  charges  for  med- 
icines to  make  it  amount  to  7  or  8  times  as  much,  in  many  instances. 


EPHRAIM  MILLER, 


Dr. 

1786.  £  s.  d. 

Oct.  9.  To  Visit  (noct.)  and  V.  S. 

self. o  14  o 

"  Pulv.  Cream  Tart.    3ij  o     20 
15  "  Visit  pd.  &  Pulv.  Cath. 

iij  d o    30 

"  Visit  &  Phlebotomy.  .  .   o    70 

' '  Pulv.  Purg .  iij  d o    20 

"  (iut.  Cephal,  ?i o    39 

17  "  Visit  (noct.) o  14  o 

"  Emp.   Epispast.  (Max) 

Appl.  Int.  Scap o    50 

"  Pulv.  Cream  Tart.  3'j-  o  26 
"  Visit  pd.  &  Dress  Ves- 

icat o    20 

18  "  Visit  pd.   &   Gut.    Ant. 

Spasmod.  ?ss o    46 

19  "  Visit  &  Pill  Ant.  Spas- 

mod.  No.  6 o  12  o 

21  "  Visit  &  Emp.  Epispast. 

No.  ij o    96 

"  Visit  (noct)  &  attend.  .   o  14  o 
"  Bol.  Cathart.  No.  4. . .  o  14  o 
"  Dress  vesicat.    No.  ij..  o    10 
25  "  Visit   &   Consult,     Dr. 

Winans o  16  o 

"  Bol.  Cath.  No.  i o    36 


Oct.  25  To  Emp.  Epispast.  (Max)  £ 
Int.  Scap o 

26  "  Visit    &    Pulv.     Cath. 
Rub.  No.  12 o 

"  Pil.  ant.  spasmod.  No. 6  o 

27  "  Visit   &   Man.    &  Sen. 
Decoct.  Jbj o 

28  "  Visit    &    Sal    Ammon. 
crud.   3ij o 

"  Valerian  Rad.   ^i o 

Nov.  I  "  VLsit    &    Pulv.     Cath. 


Rub.   No.  12 o 

Rad.  Valerian  Sylv.  Zj  o 
Emp,  Epist.(Max)  Int. 

Scap o 

Pil.  ant.  spasmod.  No. 6  o 

Visit o 

Visit.  Elix.  Cast.  Vale- 
rian  ?ij o 

Neut.  Camp.  Mixt.  ^60 
Visit  &  Bol.  Cath.  No. 4  i 
Rad.  Valerian  S}'lv.  ?j  o 
Visit   &    Consult.  Dr. 

Darby o 

llaust.    Annod.    &    at- 
tend,  omne  Noct o 

Phlebotomy o 

Pulv.  Purg o 


s.  d. 

5  o 

18  o 

6  o 

96 

7  o 
36 

18  o 
36 

5  o 

6  o 
6  o 

18  o 
6  o 

0  o 

36 

16  o 

5  6 

1  o 


112 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


Nov.  7  To  Visit  &  Emp.  Epispast.  £ 

s.  d.  Dec 

(Max)  ad  Cap 

0 

14  0 

'  Dress,  &c 

0 

I  0 

'  Ant'l  Mixt.   ^  8 

0 

6  0 

'  Phlebotomy 

0 

I  0 

8  ' 

Visit  &  Emp.  Epispast. 

(Max)  Caput 

0 

14  0 

Dress 

0 

I  9 

'  Pulv.  Cream  Tart.  3ij 

0 

2  6 

'  Rad.  Valerian  Sylv.  ?j 

0 

36 

'  Pill  Anod.   Xo.  j 

0 

I  0 

'  Gut.  Annod.  ^ss 

0 

1  6 

9' 

Visit  &  Dress 

0 
0 

7  0 

'  Pulv.    Cath 

2  0 

ID  ' 

'  Visit  &  Emp.  Epispast. 

•  (Max)  Caput 

0 

14  0 

'  Dress  do 

0 

I  0 

II  ' 

'  Visit  &  Dress  do 

0 

7  0 

'  Pulv.  Cream  Tart . 3  ij 

0 

2  6 

12  ' 

'  Visit  &  Dress 

'  V.  S.  &   Pil.   Antispas- 

0 

7  0 

mod,  No.  2 

0 

3  0 

13' 

'  Visit  &  Dress  Caput. . 
'  Emp.  Epispast.   (Max) 

0 

7  0 

do 

0 

8  0 

Pulv.  Xo.  ij  Pulv.  Jal- 

api 

0 

3  0 

14  ' 

'  Antimon.    Mixt.   ^  8. . 

0 

6  0 

'  Visit  &  Dress 

0 

7  0 

Pulv.  Cream  Tart.  3ij 

0 

2  6 

IS' 

'  Visit  &  Emp.  Epispas. 

(Max)  app.  Caput. . . . 

0 

14  0 

'  Dress  &  Pill  Ami  Spas. 

No.  2 

0 

3  0 

Haust.  Annod.    ^ss... 

0 

I  6 

16  • 

'  Phlebotomy 

Visit  &  Emp.  Epispast. 

0 

I  0 

(Max)  app.  Caput. . . . 

0 

14  0 

'  Pulv.  Cream  Tart...  . 

0 

2  6 

'  Dress 

0 

I  0 

19  ' 

'  Visit  &  Emp.  Epispast. 

app.  Capt 

0 

14  0 

'  Dress  &  Pil.  anod,  Xo. 

ij  &  Pulv.  Purg 

0 

4  0 

22  ' 

•  Visit  &  Anfl.  Mixt.  28 
'  Dress  &    Pnlv.    Cream 

0 

12  0 

Tart.  3ij 

0 

3  6 

'  Pulv.  Cream  Tart.   3ij 

0 

2  6 

27  . 

'  Visit  &  Phlebotomy. . . 

0 

7  0 

Pill  No.  j&  Pulv.  Purg. 

0 

3  0 

Pill  ant.  spasmod.  No.ij 

0 

2  0 

.  I  To  Visit  &  Emp.  Epispast.  £^  s.  d. 

(Max)  app.  Capt o  14  o 

"  Antimonl .  Mixt.  ?  8. .  o  60 
"  Pulv.  Cream  Tart.  3'j  o    26 

2  "  \'isit  &  Emp.  Epispast. 
(Max)  app.   Capt o  14  o 

"  V.  S.  &  Pill  No.  j....  o  20 
"  Pulv.  Cath.  Jallapi...  020 
"  Gut.  Annod.    ?ss 019 

3  "  ^'isit  &  Emp.  Epispast. 
(Max)  app.   Capt o  14  6 

"  Ant.  Spasmod.  ?ii....  036 
5  "  Visit  &  Plilebotomy. .  .   o    70 
"  Gut.  Ant.  Spasmod.  ?j  o    50 
"  An 

"  Dress        Head 010 

"  Visit   &    Pulv.    Cream 

Tart.  3ij o    8  6 

"  Emp.   Epispast.  No.  ij 

app.  arms o    36 

"  An 

"  Dress  Head 010 

12  "  Visit  &  Pil.  Anod.  No.j  070 
"  V.  S.  &  Pulv.  Jallapi.  030 

' '  Gut .  Cephal  2j o    50 

"  Emp.  Emplast.  No.  ij  o  36 
"  Do.  Do.  app.  Head  010 
"  Pulv.  Cream  Tart.  3ij  o  26 
14  "  Visit  &  Phlebotomy..  .0  70 
"  Emp.  Epast.  2  pair.  . .  070 
■■  Pil.  Anod.No.j&  Pulv. 

Purg o    30 

16  "  Visit  &  Emp.  Epispast. 

(Max)  app.  Head o  14  o 

"  Pulv.  Crem.  Tart.   3ij  o    26 
"  Tinct. — Valerian  ?j .. .  050 
18  "  Visit     &    Phlebotomy, 

Pedes o    70 

"  Do.         Arm o    10 

"   Emp.    Epispast.  (Max) 

Capt o    80 

"  Ant.  Spasmod.    ?iss.  .  o    50 
20  "  \'isit&  Emp.  Epispast. 

Xo .  ij o    9  6 

"  Pil.  Anod.  No.  j o    10 

"   Pulv.   Jallapi 020 

"   Plilebotomy      &     Ant. 

Spasmod .  ?j o    46 

"  (jut.  Cephal.  ?j o    36 

22  "  Visit  &  Emp.  Epispast. 

Xo.  ij o    96 


HISTORY    OF   MEDICINE.  II3 

;^  s.  d.  £  s.  d. 

Dec.  22 To  Pulv.  Cream  Tart.  3iiij  o    5  o  Dec.28To  Haust  Annod 016 

"  Dress  Head 010  "  Pulv.    Ant.    Spasmod, 

26  "  Visit  &  Pulv.  Jallapi.  .0    80  No.  3 o    30 

"  Emp.  Epispast.  (Max)  30  "  Visit o    60 

Head o    8  o  Nov.  5  "  (Mistake)    Emp.   Epis- 

"  Do.    do.    No.  ij,  Legs  036  past.  (Max)  Head.,..  050 

"  Pil.  Anod.   No.  i o    i  o  Dec.23  "  Do.  Visit  &  Emp.  Epis- 

28"  Visit  &  Consult.  Doctrs.  past.    No.  ij 096 

Stat  &  Howard o  16  o  Nov.  8  "  Gum  Camph.  3'j 

"  Emetics  &  Attendance.  056  ~ 

"  Pil.    Ant.    Spasmodic,  ,  .     ^  ^^9     i  6 

,. ,        o  "  Rec  d  payment  m  full 

No.  18 o    90  ^  - 

,,  TTi     \       1    XT       •  ^  of  Ephraim  Miller. 

"  Pil.  Anod.  No.  j 016  J     J- 


[NoTE  BY  Author. — In  this  bill  are  charged  V.  S.,  13  times;  Blisters,  26; 
Visits,  44  ;  _^39  is.  6d.,  equal  to  $130  Proc.  $104  Yorke  money.] 

'■  DIRECTIONS  FOR  MR.  MILLER." 

"  Once  in  a  few  days  let  blood  be  taken  from  the  Arm,  in  Case  the  Pain  con- 
tinues in  his  Head,  this  must  be  done  as  his  strength  will  allow." 

"The  Blister  on  the  Head  must  be  continued,  and  the  Seton  I  ill  all  the 
Symptoms  are  removed,  the  Seton  especially  should  be  continued  many  months." 

"  His  Diet  should  be  temperate  &  easy  of  Digestion." 

"  Common  cheese  whey  for  daily  Drink,  and  for  a  Change  a  whey  made  with 
Cr,  Tart. 

"  An  Anodyne  once  in  a  while  if  occasion  requires,  perhaps  every  other  Night, 
or  every  third  Niglit." 

"  Calomel  grs.  6,  once  in  3  or  4  evenings,  with  an  Anodyne  the  same  evening, 
to  be  purged  off  the  ne.xt  morning." 

"  Rosemary  or  Valerian  Tea  maybe  Drank  at  Bed  Time  if  it  appears  necessary." 

"  Yl  Tart.  Emetic,  Grs.  6 — Opium,  Grs.  6,  Spts.  L.  Comp.  Coch.  j — Water 
!<  pint — make  palatable  with  Sugar. — On  the  days  he  takes  no  purge  give  one 
table-Spoonful  4  Times  in  24  hours." 

These  "Directions"  were  evidently  penned  by  Dr.  Darbe,  and  should  have 
been  dated  Nov.  5,  1786,  as  on  that  day  Dr.  Elmer  made  a  note  of  the  consulta- 
tion, and  soon  after  exhibited  the  Antimonial  Mixture.  On  the  back,  in  Dr. 
Elmer's  handwriting,  it  bears,  "  Recipe — Ephraim  Miller,  John  Darbe,  M.  D." 

'•  Dec.  5th,  1786." 

"  It  will  be  proper  that  the  Calomel  be  continued  and  purged  off  so  as  not  to 
affect  Ills  Jaws. " 

"  The  Seton  in  the  neck,  should  be  dressed  with  digestives  to  promote  the 
Discharge  if  needful. " 


114 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


"  It  may  be  advisable  to  keep  Blisters  constantly  running  behind  the  ears — and 
if  some  should  be  applied  to  his  Arms  and  Legs  interchangeably,  as  they  heal  up, 
it  may  not  be  amiss. " 

"  Care  should  be  taken,  that  his  Diet  should  not  be  too  gross." 

"  For  the  Dizziness  in  the  Head,  he  may  take  Sp.  Lav. — com — ana,  30  Drops 
4  or  5  times  a  day.  Pill :  Rusti,  in  Case  of  Costiveness  will  be  very  good,  even  if 
he  has  not  any  difficulty  that  way— it  may  still  be  good  to  take  2  or  3  daily— the 
Bigness  of  Small  Pea." 

"  If  the  Case  requires  let  him  be  put  into  warm  Bath." 

This,  also,  should  have  had  the  signature  of  John  Darbe,  M.  D.  It  is  fortun- 
ately, dated  ;  and  addressed  to  "  Dr.  Elmer,"  after  being  folded. 

Mr.  Miller  recovered  from  this  severe  attack  of  disease  in  so  far  as  to  pay  his 
bill ;  which  was  not  only  a  just  and  grateful  act,  but  also  a  rational  one.  He  died 
the  "  12  or  13  February,  1791,"  a  little  over  four  years  after  this  occurred.  "Aug. 
5,  1791,  a  daughter  of  the  Widow  Miller;  Ephraim  Miller's  wife  as  was  died, 
aged  about  ten  years."  "  Sept.  24th,  1792,  Widow  Miller  died,  Ephraim  Miller's 
Widow.  Whose  death  is  much  lamented  by  the  respectable  of  her  acquaintance." 
Dr.  Elmer  made  but  few  entries  against  them  after  1786. 


BEN' JAM IX    FORCE,        Dr. 
1784-  £  s 

Dec.25ToVisit&  Pulv.  Cath.  Jal- 

lapi  iij o 

Do.         Do.        Do....  o 
Masrnesia,  ?ss o 


27 

30 


Jan.    I  "  Ingred.  ad  Tinct.  Sto- 

mac.  Pulv.  Cort.  ?j--  o 

22  "  Do.        do.        do o 

Feb.  9  "  Do.        do.         do o 

14  "  Visit  (noct)   self o 

"  Sperm  Caeti  opt.  ^j  . .  o 
"  Elixr.  Paregor.  ?ss. . . .  o 
Visit  &  Phlebotomy. . .  o 
Sperm  Caeii  Opt.  5j..  o 
Visit  &  Phlebotomy. . .  o 
'  Pulv.    Febrif.    Compt. 

No.  8 o 

'  Mattl.  ad  Alter.  Decoc. 

ib'j o 

'  Visit o 

"Julep.  Compt.    iii  Sp. 

Lavd .    ?6 o 

"  Sperm  Czeli  Opt.  ?j. .  o 
"  Pil.  Annod.    Xo.  j. . .  .  o 

20  "  Visit o 

"  Mattl.    ad    L.   Decoct. 

ibj o 

Mar.  Q  "  Visit o 


15 


16 


19 


i:s.d. 

d.  Mar.  gToEmp.  R o    20 

12  "  Visit  &  Pulv.  Rhei  iij .  .  o    50 

.  o  13  "  Sal  Cath.  Glaub.    tj  ■  •  o 

.  o  15  "  Visit  (noct) o 

o  "  Gilt .  Cephal  ?j o 

16  "  \'isit o 

29  "  Pulv.  Cortie  ?ss o 

"  Elixir  Asthmat.    ?ij...  o 

"  Vitl.   Alb o 

"  Visit  &  Pulv   Hydrarg. 

V ° 

"  Consult.   Dr.  Elmer.. 
"  Salin.  Mixt.  iij  Sp.  L 


8  o  Apr 
8  o 
8  o 
6  o 
3  o 


I  6 
6  o 
36 
I  6 

3  o 
10  o 


066 
o  16  o 


2  6 
36 
2  6 

8  o 

5  o 
I  6 


27 

28 
30 


7  o  Aug.  3 

36 

2  o 

I  6  5 

1786. 
5  o  Aug.31 
I  6 


?  6 o    60 

Visit  (noct) 066 

Sudorif.     Purg.    Mi.\t. 

z  6 o    60 

Visit   &    Consult.    Dr. 

Jones o  17  6 

Visit  pd o    10 

Phlebotomy Dick  010 

Sperm  Caeti  Opt.    ^j-  o    36 

Visit .self  016 

Haust.  Purg do.  o    i  9 

Emetic.  ..Scarifn 016 

Pil.  Ant.  Hyst.  Xo.  4.  o    40 

2  Visits  &  Pulv.  Diuret. 
No.  12 o  15  o 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


115 


Aug.  31 

Sept.  3 

4 


26 


I 


Oct. 


19 
28 
29 
30 

Xovr.i 


£  s.  d. 
To  Elixir  Asthmat.  ^ss..  o    2  6  Nov, 

"  Visit o     16 

"  Do.    &     Pulv.    Biuret. 

No.  12 o  13  6 

"  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  No.  j.  050 
"  Gut.  Asthmat.    ^ij....  o  10  o 

"  Visit o     I  6 

"  Visit  &    Gum   Cam  ph. 

?ss o     3  o 

"  Empl.    ^Tercl.    ^j o    10 

"  Visit  (noct) o     60 

"  Mattl.  ad  Sudorif.  De- 
coct .  Jbj o    36 

"  Visit  &    Pulv.    Biuret. 

No.  12 o  13  6 

"  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  No.  ij  o  10  o 
"  Ingred.  ad  Tinct.  Sto- 

mac.  iij  Pulv.  Cort.  ?j    o    80 
"  Visit  pd.  &  Dress  Leg.   020 

"  Bo.         do o    20 

"  Visit  pd o     10 

"  Visit  &   Eli.K.  Asthmat. 

?ss o    40 

"  Mattl.  ad  Biuret.    De- 
coct .  Jbij o    50 

'  Visit o    16 

'  Ingred.  ad  Decoct.  Al. 

ter  it)ij o    so 

'  Visit  pd o     10 

"  Visit  &    Pulv.    Diuret. 

No.  12 o  13  6 

"  Eli.K.  Asthmat.    ?j . . . .  o    50 

"  Visit o    16 

"  Mattl.    ad  Tinct.    Sto- 

mac  iij  P.  Cort.  ?j o    80 

"  Visit  pd o     10 

"  Visit  &  Puncturn o    56  Bee 

"  Eli.x.  ad  Hemorrh.  ?ij.  o    50 

"  E.xtract  Tooth o     10 

"  Visit o     16 

"  Do o     16 

"  Visit   &   Pulv.    Biuret. 

No.  12 o  13  6 

"  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg. 

No.  j o  II  o 

"  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg  066 
"  Consult.  Dr.  Barby. .  .  o  16  o 
"  Visit  &  Scarifn.  Leg..  .036 
"  Do.  do.         do. ...  o    36 

"  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg. 

No.  j o    66 


jC  s.  d. 

9  To  Scarifn.  Leg o    20 

10  "  Visit  &  Scarifin.    do...  036 

11  "  Do.  do.         do. ...  o    36 

"  Dress o    20 

"  Pulv.  Diuret.  No.  12.  .  o  12  o 

12  "  Visit  &  Dress  Leg  Ung. 

Digest.?] 090 

13  "  Do.  do.         do. ...   o    56 

14  "  Visit  Inustn.    Tumor.  .036 

15  "  Dress  Leg o    40 

16  "  Visit  &  Dress   Leg. . .  .  o    56 
"  \'isit,  Inustn.    [Cauter- 
izing] &  Dress  Leg. . .  o    56 

"  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  No.  j.  o    50 

17  "  Visit  &  Dress  Leg 056 

"  Visit,  Mattl.  ad  Stomac 

iij    Cort.  Peruv.  ?j...  o    96 
' '  Dress  Leg o    40 

20  "  Visit,    Inust.    &    Dress 

I-eg 076 

21  "  Visit  do.     do.  o    56 

22  "  Do.  do.     do.   o    56 

23  "  Visit,  Inustn.  do.     do.   o    76 
"  Pulv.  Diuret.  No.  16.  .  o  16  o 

24  "  Visit  &  Dress o    56 

25  "  Do.  do o    56 

26  "  Visit  &  Dress o    56 

"  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  No.  j.  o    50 

27  "  Visit  &  Dress o    56 

28  "  Do.  do o    56 

"  Ungt.  Digest.    ?ss....  019 

29  ' '  Visit  &  Dress o    56 

"  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  No.  j.  o  50 
"  Ungt.  Digest.  ?ss....  019 
"  Gut.  Annod.  ?ss o    16 

30  "  Visit  &   Dress o    56 

1  "  Visit  &  do.       do o    56 

2  ' '  Do .         do .      do o    56 

"  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  No.  j.  o    50 

3  "  Visit   &    Dress,    Ungt. 

Digest.    ?ss o    73 

5  "  Visit         do.         do. ...  o    56 

6  "  2  N'isits    do.         do. ...  o  11  o 
"  Pulv.   Hydrarg.  No.  j.  o    50 

8  "  Visit  &  Dress       do o    56 

11  "  Do.  do.    &    Haust. 

Annod o    70 

12  "  Visit,    Pulv.    H_\drarg. 

(noct) o  II  o 

"  Dress   Leg,   Ungt.   Di- 
gest. ?ss o    59 


ii6 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


£s.d. 
Dec.  13  To  Visit  &  Dress  Leg o    56  Feb. 

15  "  Visit o    16 

16  "  Visit,        do.        do 056 

"  Ungt.  Digest.    ?j o    36 

"  Pulv.   Hydrarg.  No.  j.  050 

"  Visit  &  Dress  Leg o    56 

"  Unguent.  Digest.  ?ss.  o    19 

19  "  Visit  &  Dress  Leg. . . .  .  o    56 
"  Ungt.     Digest,    ^j     & 

Pulv.  Hydrarg.  Xo.  ij  o  13  6 

22  "  Gut.  Annod.  ?j o    36  Mar, 

26  "  Visit     &     Dress     Leg, 

Ungt.  Digest.  ?j o    50 

"  Pulv.    Hydrarg.  No.  j  .  050 
28  "  Visit     &     Dress     Leg, 

(noct.) o  16  o 

"  Pulv.   Hydrarg.  No.  j.  o    50 

31  "  Ungt.  Digest,  ^j o    36 

1787. 

Jan.    I  "  Do.         do.         do..  ..  o    30 

2  ■'  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  Apl. 

No.  I o    66 

"  Gut.  Annod.  ?j o    36 

"  Dress  Leg o    40 

5  "  Visit  &  Dress  Leg o    56 

6  "  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg. 

(noct) o  II  o 

10  "  Visit  &  Pulv.  Diuret  No. 

10 o  II  6 

"  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  No.  j..  050 
"  Dress  Leg o    40 

14  "  Visit  &  Dress  Leg o    36 

"  Ungt.  Digest.  |j o    36 

15  "  Visit o    16 

17  '•  Visit  &  Dress  Leg 036 

"  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  No.  j.  .  o  50 
■'  Sal  Cath.  |i o    16 

26  "  Visit,    Scarif.    &    Dress 

Leg o    56 

"  Ungt.  Digest.  ?j o    36 

30  "  Visit  &  Dress  Leg o    36 

"  Pulv.  Hydrarg.  No.  j..  050 

Feb.  3  "  Visit  &  Attend,  (nod). .  o  10  o 

"  Pulv.  Sudorific,  No.  j. .  o    16 

"  Pil.  Annod.  No.  j o    16 

"  Visit  &  Pil.  No.  ij o    46 

"  Pil.  Saponai  Laxat.  No. 

30 o  10  o 

5  "  Visit o     16 

II  "  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg. 

No.  j o    60 


;^S.    d. 

23  To  Visit  &  do.      do.      do.  066 

25  "  Visit o  I  6 

26  "  Visit  &  Consult.  Dr.  P. 

Elmer o  16  6 

"  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg. 

No.  iij o  90 

"  Attendance  7s.  6d o  76 

27  "  Visit o  16 

28  "  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg. 

No.  iij o  90 

.  6  "  Visit o  16 

15  "  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg. 

No.  iij o  90 

17  "  Visit  &   Pulv.  Hydrarg. 

No.  ij o  6  6 

20  "  Visit  pd o  16 

22  "  Pulv.  Diuret.  No.  8. . . .  o  80 

29  "  Visit  &  Pulv.  Hydrarg. 

No.  iij o  90 

"  Pulv.  Diuret.  No.  8 o  80 

2  "  Visit  (noct) o  60 

"  Elix.    Paregor.    ?j o  19 

7  "  Visit  &  Scarif.   Penis. . .  o  36 
"  Mattl.    ad   Carminative 

Decoct.  Jt)j 036 

"  Gut.  Pareg.   ?j o  19 

9  "  Visit  &  Scarif.  Penis. . .  o  36 

10  "  Visit  &  Attend'ce o  36 

"  Scarifn.  Testicles o  20 

11  "  Visit  Sc  Punctn.  do. ...  o  36 

12  "  Visit  do.  do.  &  Attend.  056 

13  "  \'isit&  Elix.  Purg.  ?ss.  033 
"  Scarif.  Penis  &  Test. . .  o  20 

14  "  2  Visits,  Punct.  Test.  & 

Penis o  70 

"  Pil.  ant.  Cath.  iij     No. 

ij self  050 

"  Mattl.  ad  Carmin.  De- 
coct, fljij o  36 

15  "  Visit  &  Consult.  Dr.  P. 

Elmer ,....0  90 

' '  Attend o  40 

16  "  Visit  &  Attend'ce o  36 

17  "  Do o  16 

18  "  Visit  &  Dress  Test. . . .  o  56 

"  Ungt.  Digest.   ?ij o  70 

"  Diuret.  Cart,  iij     Elix. 

Vit.  ^8 o  90 

"  \'isit  &.  Dress  Test. . . .  o  56 

"  Elix.  Asthmat.  ?j o  50 

19  "  Visit  &  Dress  Test o  56 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


117 


£  s.  d. 
Apl.iSTo  Pulv.  Diuret.  ?ss o    60  May  14 

20  "  Visit  &  Dress  Test. . . .  o    56 

21  "  Visit  &  do.      do o    56  15 

22  "  Visit  &  Dress  Test. . . .  o    56 

23  "  Visit  &  Dress  Test.  ...056  16 
"  Visit  &  Dress  do o    56 

"  Gut.  Cephal.  ?j o    50  17 

24.  "  Visit  &  Dress  Test. . . .  o    56 

25  "  Visit  &  do.         do o    56  18 

26  "  Visit  &  do.         do o    56 

27  "  Do.        do.         do o    56  19 

"  Eli.K.  Asthmat.   Zj o    50  20 

28  "  Visit  &  Dress  Test.  ...056  21 

29  "  Visit  &  Dress  do o    56 

May   I  "  Visit  &  do.       do o    56  22 

3  "  Visit    &    Inust,    Dress  23 

Leg o    46  24 

"  Dress  Test o    40 

4  "  Visit  &  Dress  Leg 036  25 

' '  Dress  Test o    40  26 

5  "  Visit    &    Dress    Leg   &  27 

Test o    6  6 

"  Visit  &  Elixir  Asthmat.  29 

■|j o    6  6  30 

6  "  Visit    &    Dress    Leg  & 

Test o    56 

7  "  Visit  &   Dress  Test. . .  .  o    36 

8  "  Visit   &    Dress   Leg   & 

Test o    5  6  Ju'ie  i 

9  "  Visit  &  Dress  do.      do.  056 

10"  Do.  do.     do.      do.  o    5  6  3 

11  "  Do.  do.     do.     do.  056  4 

12  "  Visit   &    Dress    Leg  & 


£  s.  d. 

To  Visit  &  Dress  Test o  36 

' '  Haust.  Annod o  19 

' '  Visit   &    Dress   Leg  & 

Test o  56 

"  Do.         do.        do.     do.  056 

"  Gut.  ?ss o  36 

"  Visit   &    Dress    Leg   & 

Test o  56 

"  Visit  &  do.        do.     do.  056 

"  Diuret.  Max  V.  ?  6.  . .  o  60 

"  Visit  &  Dress  Leg o  36 

"  Do.        do.        do o  36 

"  \'isit   &    Dress   Leg   & 

Test o  56 

"  \'isit  pd.  &  Dress  Leg.   036 

"  Visit  &  Dress  Leg o  36 

"  Visit  pd.  &   do.     do. . .  o  36 

"  PlUv.  Cream  Tart.  3ij-  o  26 

"  Visit  &  Dress  Leg o  36 

"  Do.        do.       do o  36 

"  Visit    &    Dress    Leg  & 

Scarifn o  46 

"  Visit  &  Scarifn.  do. ...  o  26 
"  Visit    &    Pulv.    Cream 

Tart.  3ij o  40 

"  Visit  &  Dress  Leg  Ung. 

Mercl.  ?j  &  Bo.\ o  56 

"  Pulv.  Diuret.  No.  8 o  80 

"  Visit,      Dress      Leg    & 

Test o  46 

"  Visit         do.        do o  36 

"  \'isit  &  Dress  Leg o  36 


Test o    56 

13  "  Visit  &  do.        do.     do.  o    56      ^'^"■i"-  f°'''='^'^  Account  is  Paid. 

14  "  Do.         do.        do.     do.  056 


[Notes  by  Author.— Whole  amount  of  Force's  bill  ^66  8s.  od.,  probably 
Yorke  money,  from  December  25,  1784,  to  June  4,  1787.  71  Visits  at  is.  6d.  is 
;^5  6s.     The  rest  of  the  bill  was  for  drugs  and  other  service. 

Of  the  consulting  physicians  named  in  these  accounts.  Dr.  Staats  was  of  N. 
York  City;  Dr.  Darbe,  of  Parsippany;  Dayton,  Sr.  and  Jr.,  of  Springfield; 
Winans,  of  Elizabethtown  ;  Howard,  of  N.  Brunswick;  Jones,  of  Morristown, 
and  Elmer,  of  Westfield.] 


In  1786,  John  Simpson,   seems  to  have  had  the  same  disease  that  Mr.  Force 
had,  as  the  same  parts  were  affected.     Dr.  Winans  was  consulted  in  the  case : 
Apl.  22,  1786.  To  Visit  &  Consult.  Dr.  Winans o  12  6 


ii8 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


tl^This  case  was!  treated' from  the  17th  April  to  the  9th  of  May.  Dr.  Winans 
favored  the  "  HYDRARG  "  treatment,  as  that  was  exhibited  and  pushed  imme- 
diately after  consultation. 

John  Clark,  Jun'r,  in  1784-5  is  charged  in  ihe  sum  of  £1  13  o — and  is  credited  : 
May  29.     ' '  By  Congregation o  176 

The  Church  helped  its  afflicted  ones,  and  the  Dr.  had  few  patrons  on  the  free 
list. 

There  are  no  deaths  recorded  on  Dr.  Elmer's  books — no  intimations  as  to  result 
of  treatment  in  any  case,  nor  any  diseases  named. 


SAMUEL  PARSONS, 


Dr. 
/s.  d. 

080 
o  12  o 
030 
026 
020 
080 
010 
060 
070 


1787. 

Jany  i.To\'isit  &  Attendee,  (om- 
ne   noct.) 

"  Cort.  Peruv.   ^ij 

"  Rad.  Virgin.  ?j 

"  Gum  Camp,   ^ss 

"  Scarifn.  Fomens 

"  Consult  Dr.  Elmer. . . . 

2  "  Visit 

"  Pulv.  Cort.    5j 

3  "  Ungt.  Digest,   ^ij 

5  "  Visit     &     Dress    Arm. 

(noct) o    36 

"  Do.  &  Cort.  Peruv.  |iij 

Dress o  12  o 

6  "  Visit     &     Dress    Arm 

(noct) o    36 

"  Visit  &  Dress  Prsecip, 

Pulv.  Cort.  No,  ij . . . .  o  30 
"    Do.    (noct)     Dress    & 

Pulv.  Cort.  ?ij o  13  o 

7  "  \'isit   Dress   Ongt.  Di- 

gest ?ij o    70 

"  Visit,  Dress  Arm  (noct)  030 

8  "  Visit,  do o    20 

9  "  Visit,  Excisn.  Thumb..  030 
II  "  Do.  &  Dress o    30 

"  Do.     Dress,     Praecipt, 

Ungt.  Digest.  ?j o    56 


Jan.i3To\'isit,  Dress,  Pulv.(3ort.  £  s.  d. 
o  10  o 


!'j 

Do.  cS;  Dress. 


Do.         do 

Do.         do 

Do.        do.  Excisn. Fin- 


17  "  Visit  &  Dress o 


19 
20 

24 
25 
27 
29 
30 

Feby.4  ' 
6  ' 


13  ' 
Mar.  30 
-Mav    7 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Dress  Hand o 

Do.         do o 

Visit  pd.  Dress  do o 

Do.         do o 

Dress,  Prjtcipt.  rub. . .  o 
Visit  &  Dress,  Prascipt. 

rub o 

Dress,  Precip o 

Do.         do o 

Do.         do o 

Do.         do o 

Pulv.  C'atht.  Jallapi...  o 

'  V.  S o 


2  o 

2  o 

2  O 

3  o 

2  O 

2  O 

2  O 

2  O 

2  O 

2  O 

I  O 

1  O 

2  O 

1  O 

2  O 

2  6 

2  O 

2  O 

I  6 

I  6 

I  6 

I  o 


£,7  17  o 


Paid  bv  note  of  hand. 


Mr.  Parsons  recovered.  Other  cases  of  the  same  nature  indicate  a  marked 
tendency  to  rottenness  at  that  period — from  what  cause  it  is  not  ap]>arent.  The 
extreme  severity  of  this  case,  and  the  free  exhibition  of  Peruvian  Bark,  in  which 
the  Dr.  showed  more  wisdom  than  is  always  evident  at  the  present  day,  is  a  nota- 
ble feature. 

[NoTK. — For  this  transcript  from  Dr.  Elmer's  books  and  the  remarks  accom- 
panying it,  the  author  is  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  A.  M.  Cory,  of  New 
Providence.] 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE.  II9 

K. 

( From  page  77.) 

Rev.  Caleb  Smith  who  graduated  at  Yale  Col.  in  1743 
was  assistant  to  Rev.  Mr.  Dickinson  in  the  classical 
school  at  Elizabethtown,  which  was  the  germ  of  the  Col. 
of  N.  J.  He  studied  Divinity  with  Dickinson  and  was 
afterwards  settled  in  the  Gos.  Ministry  at  the  Newark 
Mountains  (now  Orange).  While  there  he  opened  in 
connection  with  his  parochial  duties,  and  as  a  part  of  them, 
a  grammar  school.  He  was  a  ripe  scholar,  a  trustee  of 
the  Col.  of  N.  J.  and  its  Pres.  ad  interim  in  1758. 

The  following  account  for  the  instruction  and  care  of 
the  two  sons  of  Mr.  John  Woodhull  illustrates  the  bills 
for  schooling  which  met  the  eyes  of  the  fathers  of  the 
middle  of  the  last  century. 

Mr.  Woodhull,  a  descendant  of  the  4th  generation 
from  Richard,  was  a  resident  of  Brookhaven,  Suffolk  Co., 
L.  Island. 1  His  son  "  Billey,"  noticed  in  the  account, 
was  afterwards  Rev.  Wm.  Woodhull,  Pres.  minister  in 
Chester,  Morris  Co.  He  graduated  at  the  Col.  of  N.  J. 
in  1764.  John  who  graduated  at  the  same  Col.  in  1766 
became  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Woodhull,  of  Freehold,  Mon- 
mouth Co. 

JOHN    WOODHULL. 

Yorke  Money.  £.   s.   d. 
1757.                    Debtr. 

Oct.  26.     To  I  (^uire  of  writing  Paper  for  your  son o     i     6 

To  the  Newark  Grammar,^ o     2     6 

To  Clark's  Introduction  for  making  Lattin 030 

Jan.            To  Soaling  i  Pair  of  Shoes  by  Jacob o    i     9 

Feb.  15.      To  I  Corderius  &  i  Erasmus o    4    3 

To  lialf  quire  of  Paper  for  your  son o    o  10 


'  Genealogy  of  Woodhull,  by  Anna  M.  Woodhull,  New  York.  Gonca.  &  Biog. 
Record. 

-A  Latin  grammar  prepared  it  is  supposed  by  Mr.  Aaron  Burr,  and  was 
used  in  the  College  at  Princeton,  1758.     [Maclean  s  His.) 


I20  HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 

£   s.d. 

Ap.  17.       To  Cash  to  your  son  wlien  going  home o  10  o 

May  6.        To  Cash  paid  to  defray  your  Son's  Expenses o    6  4 

To  an  old  Hat  of  Mine o    5  o 

To  dressing  the  Hat  by  Nehemiah  Baldwin o    2  2 

Sept.  28.     Paid  the  Steward  for  Billey's  Board 5     8  3 

1758.  Paid  Sayre  for  mending  his  Shoes o    3  o 

To  a  Taylor  for  making  a  Banyan o     5  3 

To  —  Yard  for  cloath  &  trimmings  for  Banyan 017  8 

To  Mrs.  Field  for  washing  for  Billey 013  o 

To  the  Odds  of  the  Money  betvvi.vt  proc.  &  ym.  in   the  last 

five  articles o  19  5 

To  I  Quire  of  paper  of  Gray o    i  9 

Yorke  Money. 

May.          To  a  Lattin  Dictionary 017  o 

1759.  To  a  Eutropius o    5  5 

Sept.  3.      To  a  Sallust o    9  o 

Dec.  8.       To  I  Quire  of  Paper o     i  i 

Jan.  I.        To  I  Greek  Lexicon o  14  o 

1760.  To  I  Greek  Testament o    5  o 

To  I  Greek  Grammar o    2  6 

To  Ovid's  Metamorphosis  with  English o  12  o 

To  Soaling  i  Pair  of  Shoes o     i  9 

To  Wood  &  Candles  in  the  Winter o  10  o 

To  your  Expenses  in  going  Home o    7  3 

To  Billey's  Schooling i     o  o 

June  12.     To  i  Virgil  at  14s.  for  Billey o  14  o 

1760.           To  I  Tully's  Orations  for  Billey 013  o 

Nov.  26.     Then  your  Son  John  came  to  School  at  the  rate  of  £1^.  o.  o. 

1760.  Yorke  Money. 

To  I  Grammar  for  John  2s.  6d. , o    2  6 

To  I  Pair  of  Shoes  for  Billey o    8  o 

Jan.  28.      To  Lucian's  Dialogues  for  Billey o  10  o 

1761.  To  an  old  Corduroy  for  John o    o  9 

To  I  Quire  of  Paper o     i  2 

Feb.  18.      To  one  Erasmus  is.  8d o    i  8 

To  Billey's  Wood  and  Candles  for  1761 o  16  o 

To  Lindley's  Horse  to  Billey  14s.  p.  dy o  12  11 

May  5.       To  i  I^atin  Dictionary  14s o  14  o 

1761.  To  I  Eutropius 040 

To  what  Mr.  Woodhull  allows  to  be  charged 25     8  9 

^26    6  9 

These  accounts  as  marked  off.  were  credited  by  cash,  books  and  board  of  one 
of  his  daughters. 


HISTORY   OF   MEDICINE. 


121 


L. 

(From  f age  7$) 
MEMBERS    OF    THE    NEW    JERSEY    MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

FROM  ITS  ORGANIZATION   IN   1 766  TO   1 796. 

The  names  of  the  members  are  printed  according  to  the  spelHng  of 
the  writers  of  the  Minutes  of  the  Society.  A  large  number  of  the 
members  signed  the  instrument  of  association.  Their  names  are 
here  recorded  according  to  their  autographs. 


Rob't  McKean, 
Chris.  Manlove, 
Jno.  Cochran, 
Moses  Bloomfield, 
James  Gilliland, 
Wm.  Burnet, 
Jona.  Dayton, 
Thos.  Wiggins, 
Bern  Budd, 


Jacob  Jennings,  Jun., 
Nath'l  Scudder, 
James  Newell, 
Isaac  Smith, 
Absalom  Bainbridge, 
Samuel  Kennedy, 
Nehe'h  Ludlum, 
Aaron  Forman, 
William  M.  Barnet, 


Lawrence  V.  Derveer,  Jonathan  Elmer, 


John  Griffith, 
Isaac  Harris, 
Jos.  Sackett,  Jun.. 
William  Adams, 
James  Boggs, 
Hezekiah  Stites, 
Nathaniel  Manning, 
Thos.  Budd, 
Geo.  Pugh, 
John  B.  Riker, 
Sam'l  Kennedy,  Jun. 


Daniel  Budd, 
Charles  Doughty, 
Heniy  Dougan, 
Jno.  Beatty, 
Thomas  Barber, 
Johnathan  Odell, 
Lewis  Dunham, 


James  Stratton, 
Thos.  Griffith,  Jun., 
David  Greenman, 
Moses  Scott, 
Jno.  G.  W'all, 
John  F.  Carmichael, 
C.  Freeman, 
Geo.  W.  Campbell, 
John  Cooper, 
Edward  Taylor, 
Benj'n  H.  Tallman, 
Thos.  W.  Montgomery, 
Lewis  Morgan, 
Sam'l  F.  Conover, 
Samuel  Forman, 
Henry  W.  Blachly, 
Francis  Bowes  Sayre, 


Thos.  Griffith  Haight,   Ebenezer  Elmer, 
Jonathan  Ford  Morris,  Jacob  Dunham, 


John  A.  Scudder, 
Rob.  R.  Henry, 


James  Anderson, 
Isaac  Ogden. 


The  names  following  are  not  in  autograph 
Ebenezer  Blachly, 
Stephen  Camp, 

Perant,* 

Ham, 

Isaac  Browne, 
Samuel  (?)  Browne, 
Thomas  Henderson 
Heartt,t 


Jabez  Campfield, 


Thomas  Hough, 
Elisha  Newell, 
Benj.  Stockton, 
Hez.  Stites  Woodruff, 
Ale.x.  Edgar, 

Chas.  Abra'm  Howard, Wm.  Stillwell, 
Fred.  Christian  Focke,  Paul  Micheau, 
Archibald  M'Cauley,     Henry  Schanck, 
William  Camfield,  J.  Abr.  DeNormandie, 

Wm.  AL  McKi.ssack. 


Abraham  Canfield, 
Abel  Johnson, 
Sam'l  M.  Shute, 
Cyrus  Pearson, 
Jno.  Reeve, 


Pezant  ? 


t  D.Hart? 


PART    II. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


OF 


New    Jersey     Physicians, 


TO   A.    D.    1800. 


Physicians  of   New  Jersey. 

To    A.    D.    1800. 


William  Adams 

Was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  New  Jersey 
Medical  Society,  in  1766.  At  the  general  meeting  of  the 
Society  in  November,  1773,  it  was  "concluded"  that  as 
Dr.  Adams  was  removed  from  the  State,  it  is  unnecessary 
to  insert  his  name  in  the  list  of  absentees.  A  physician 
of  the  same  name  served  in  1776  in  a  Pennsylvania  regi- 
ment. From  1758  to  '63,  during  the  English  and  French 
War,  there  were  one  thousand  men  furnished  by  New 
Jersey,  and  in  1761  and  '2  a  larger  number.  These  were 
dispersed  in  Barracks  erected  in  Burlington,  Trenton, 
New  Brunswick,  Amboy  and  Eliz'town.  Dr.  Adams  and 
some  others  of  the  early  members  of  the  Society  of 
whom  we  have  a  very  limited  record,  may  have  been 
attached  to  some  of  these  battalions  when  the  Society 
was  formed  in  1766.  The  call  for  the  formation  of  the 
Society  requested  and  invited  "  every  gentlemen  of  the 
profession  in  the  province  who  may  approve  of"^  its 
design  to  unite  in  the  enterprise.     Some  who  were  tem- 


'  [  Note. — While  these  sheets  were  going  through  the  press,  and  after  Part  I 
was  printed,  the  author  received  from  Dr.  J.  M.  Toner  the  following  copy  of  a 
notice  published  in  October,  1767,  explanatory  of  the  original  advertisement 
respecting  the  formation  of  the  Society.     See  p.  44,  part  I.] 

"  The  Members  of  tlie  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  and  those  Gentlemen  who 
stand  Candidates  for  admission,  are  hereby  notified  that  their  next  stated  general 
meeting  will  be  on  Tuesday,  the  20th  of  November  following,  at  the  house  of  Mr. 
William  Hick  in  Princeton,  when  and  where  all  concerned  are  desired  to  give 
their  attendance.  The  Society  beg  leave  to  inform  the  Gentlemen  Practitioners 
in  the  Western  Division  of  this  Government,  that  it  was  through  mistake  the 
former  Advertisements  respecting  the  forming  &.c.  said  Society  was  confined  to 


126  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Adams.  Anderson. 

porarily  in  the  province  ina)'  have  accepted  the  liberal 
invitation  to  be  present  and  organize  the  Society,  who, 
when  their  term  of  service  expired,  withdrew  from  the 
limits  of  the  Association  and  received  their  credentials. 


James  Anderson 
Was  born  in  Monmouth  County,  near  Freehold,  in  1750. 
He  is  first  brought  to  our  notice  as  Captain  of 
State  Troops,  ist  Regiment,  Sussex,  1777.^  While 
enjoying  a  social  party  with  other  officers,  the  house  in 
which  they  were  was  surrounded,  and  they  were  taken 
prisoners  by  the  enemy.  Capt.  Anderson  remained  a 
prisoner  on  Long  Island  for  four  or  five  years.  While 
there,  an  English  surgeon  taking  a  liking  to  him  induced 
him  to  study  medicine.  He  continued  under  his  instruc- 
tion till  he  was  liberated,  and  thus  acquired  such  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  art  of  healing,  as  to  warrant  his  entering 
upon  its  practice  after  the  close  of  the  war.  His  army 
record  was  honorable,  as  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  May  24,  1784,  his  certificate  of 
membership  being  signed  by  Washington  and  Knox. 

After  the  war  he  married  Helen  Longstreet,  the  widow 
of  Gilbert  Longstreet,  a  prominent  Whig  of  his  time, 
who  was  shot  at  the  door  of  his  house  by  a  band  of 
British  spies  and  robbers  who  infested  Monmouth  County 
during  the  war.      He  afterwards  resided  on  the  Longstreet 


the  Eastern  Division,  it  ever  being  the  true  Intent  and  Meaning  of  the  first  Pro- 
posers tiiereof,  as  well  as  the  Society's  after  formed,  that  the  same  sliould  be 
general  and  include  the  whole  Government." 

Moses  Bloomfield,  Secretary. 
WoODBRiDGE,  East  New  Jersey,  Oct.  4,  1767. 

Penna    Chronicle  and  Universal  Advertiser,  Monday,  Oct   12,  1767. 
'  Stryker's  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  \2'J 

Anderson.  Andrews.  Appleton. 

})roperty.  It  was  known  at  different  periods  as  the  "  Old 
Forge,"  "  Anderson  Mills,"  and  "  Bergen  Mills."  By  his 
marriage  he  had  three  children, — two  daughters  and  one 
on,  Kenneth,  who  removed  to  Ohio.  The  Doctor  was 
'A  medium  height,  fair  complexion,  well  marked  features, 
deliberate  in  speech  and  of  much  decision  of  character. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in  1791. 

In  the  old  Tennent  churchyard,  on  a  small  tombstone, 
is  the  inscription  : 

IN    MEMORY    OF 

CAPT.    JAMES    ANDERSON 

A  Revolutionary  Patriot 

WHO  DIED  1825 

IN  THE  75TH  YEAR 
OF  HIS  AGE. 


John  Andrews. 
In  Toner's  list  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Rev- 
olution, Dr.  Andrews   is   named  as   Surgeon's   Mate.     In 
Stryker's   Register   of  Officers   and    men   of  New   Jersey 
serving   in  the  war,  he  is  noted  as  "  Surgeon  of  Militia." 


Abraham  Appleton 

Was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati  of  New  Jersey. ^  In  Stryker's  Register — 
Surgeon's  Mate,  Second  Battalion,  1st  Establishment, 
Dec.  21,  1775, — discharged  with  battalion.  Was  also 
Second  Lieutenant,  Capt.  Yard's  Company,  2d  Battalion, 
2d  Establishment,  Feb.  5,  1777;  Ensign  2d  Regt.,  Lieut, 
ditto  to  date,  Dec.  i,  1777;  discharged  at  the  close  of 
the  war ;  Capt.  by  brevet. 

'  Toner. 


128  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Avert.  Arents. 

I.  Avert. 
Surgeon  3d  battalion,  Sussex,  State  Troops. ^ 


Jacob  Arents, 
Also  written  "  Arentz,"  was  a  resident  of  Newark  in  the 
early  part  of  the  last  century, — a  Hollander  or  a  Nether- 
landish German  by  birth.  In  a  register  of  early  land 
surveys  in  Newark,  there  are  more  in  number  set  off  to 
him  than  to  any  other  owner  therein  named.  They 
extend  in  their  dates  from  171 7  to  1735.  The  surveys  in 
Newark  and  Elizabethtown  amount  to  more  than  twelve 
hundred  acres.-  He  is  always  noticed  as  Doctor  Arents, 
and  probably  practised  the  arts  and  mysteries  of  healing. 
We  find  no  record  of  his  professional  life,  but  very  much 
of  his  controversies  between  the  original  purchasers  of 
the  soil  and  their  opponents, — the  Lords  Proprietors  of 
East  Jersey.  He  is  charged  by  the  latter  as  a  dealer  in 
sham  titles  and  as  "  having  cheated  by  tens  and  hundreds 
of  acres."  As  two  clergymen  were  named  as  participcs 
criminis,  and  as  many  of  the  best  Jerseymen  of  that 
period  are  noticed  as  acting  with  him,  there  is  no  doubt 
that  the  old  Doctor  was  atrociously  slandered  in  this 
ancient  struggle  for  titles,  grants,  charters  and  possessory 
and  homestead  rights. 

In  a  family  bible,  once  the  property  of  Col.  Edward 
Thomas,  a  patriot  of  1776, — with  a  London  ivipriniatur 
of  1735,  and  doubtless  once  the  property  of  "  I.  Arents," 
whose  name  is  thus  written  on  several  of  its  fly  leaves, 
are  memoranda  as  follows  :    . 


'  Stryker's  Register. 

=  In  1744  he  was  sold  out  by  the  Sherift,  Win.  Chetwood 


HISTORY    OF   N.    J-    MEDICINE.  1 29 

Arents.  Assheton. 

"Memorandum  Aug.  i  Anno  1739., 
Thy  sole  on  Erth  ;  no  abiding  see 
It  is  a  Spirit — and  heavenlee. 

I.  Arents.  I  was  boren  Nov.  11,  1673,  about  two  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  in  a  city  called  London,  belonging  to  the  Duchy  of  Hols- 
tein  Gottorp.  This  bible  is  a  gift  to  my  beloved  daughter,  Margeth 
Warne.  She  was  born  the  6th  of  Nov.,  1703,  at  Mr.  Sonman's  plan- 
tation, near  Amboy,  in  East  New  Jersey." 

"  Newark,  April  12th,  1742.     A  memorandum.     In  the  course  of  my 
pilgermath  I  have  read  the  Holy  Bible  from  the  beginning  to  the  end, 
with  the  books  called  Apocr}pha,  from   1689,  Jan.  to  this  day,  being 
the  1 2th  of  April,  1742,  42  times.     I  say  42  times. 
SOLI    DEO   GLORIA." 

A  record  worthy  of  its  duplicated  date  and  affirmation 
and  giving  us  assurance  of  his  conscientious  character. 
We  cannot  think  that  so  persevering  a  reader  and  lover 
of  the  Book  of  Grace  and  Truth  should  have  been  guilty 
of  heinous  malpractice  in  real  estate  transactions  and 
land  transfers,  as  charged  by  his  old  proprietary 
assailants. 

Dr.  Arents  did  not  die  in  New  Jersey,  or  died  intes- 
tate, as  his  will  is  not  registered  in  Trenton. ^ 

We  find  in  the  old  town  Records  of  Newark,  that  as 
late  as  April  6,  17 19,  the  Dr.  is  recorded  as  taking  part 
in  town  meetings  at  Newark. 


Ralph  Assheton 
Appears    to    have    practised    medicine    in     Nottingham 
township,   Burlington   County,    in    1765,  and    perhaps    a 
short  time  previous  to  that  date.      In  the  latter  part  of  the 
above  year  he  fulfilled  his  intention  of  removing,  as  he  is 


'  Rev.  Wm.  Hall,  in  Newark  Dailv  Advertiser. 


130  TITSTORV    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE, 

ASSHKTON. 

noticed  as  a  subscriber  from  Penns\'K^ania  to  a  book  of 
Dr.  John  Morgan,  in  1766.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Ralph  Assheton,  Esq.,  and  Susanna  Redman,  his  wife. 
He,  the  latter,  died  July  9,  1773,  aged  37,  leaving  a  wife 
and  children,  and  was  buried  in  the  vault  of  the 
Humphries  family,  in  Christ  Church  burying  ground, 
Philadelphia,  where  an  inscription  records  some  of  the 
above  facts.  The  Doctor  was  between  28  and  29  years 
of  age  when  he  practised  in  Burlington  County.  The 
family  of  Assheton  was  among  the  most  prominent  of 
the  Colonial  aristocracy  of  Pennsylvania,  holding  many 
offices  under  the  Proprietaries,  and  members  of  Christ 
Church.  William  Penn  claimed  kinship  with  them,  his 
letters  occasionally  containing  reference  to  "  Cousin 
Assheton."  The  family  came  early  into  the  province  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  from  Salford,  juxta  Manchester,  in 
Lancashire.  It  was  one  of  the  most  ancient  families  in 
England.  The  Christian  name,  Ralph,  occurs  in  many 
generations  for  centuries.  The  ancient  male  line  became 
extinct  in  this  country  in  the  last  century.  Descendants 
in  the  female  branches  are  represented  in  the  Humphries 
family. 

The  following  advertisement  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Gazette  of  September  26,  1765,  describes  very  minutely 
the  house  and  premises  of  the  Doctor,  and  affords  an 
insight  into  his  style  of  living : 

"  To  be  sold  at  public  vendue,  on  Thursday,  the  24th  of  October 
next,  between  the  hours  of  three  and  five  in  the  afternoon,  on  the 
premises,  a  house  and  lot  of  ground  situated  in  Kingsbury,  Notting- 
ham Township,  Burlington  County,  on  the  public  road  between 
Trenton  Bridge  and  the  Ferrj-,  containing  in  breadth  60  feet  and  in 
depth  181  feet;  the  House  almost  new  and  neatly  finished;  the  Lot 
inclosed  with  a  good  board  fence ;  there  is  a  good  garden  and  well  in 


HISTORY    OF    N.    J.    MEDICINE.  I3I 

ASSHETON.  BAINBKIDGE. 

the  yard,  and,  on  the  lot  adjoining  a  good  new  stable  and  coach  house, 
belonging  to  the  house.  The  purchaser  may  have  a  lease  of  the  lot 
on  which  the  stable  stands,  pay,  viz  :  Thirty  Shillings  per  annum. 
Half  the  purchase  money  to  be  paid  immediately — six  months  credit 
will  be  given  for  the  remainder.  Any  person  inclining  to  purchase 
before  the  day  of  sale,  may  know  the  terms  by  applying  to  Dr.  Ralph 
Assheton,  on  the  premises. 

N,  B. — As  the  Doctor  proposes  returning  to  Philadelphia  in  a  few 
weeks,  he  desires  those  indebted  to  make  immediate  payments,  and 
those  who  have  any  demands  to  bring  in  their  accounts  for  settle- 
ment." 

Dr.  Assheton  died  intestate  4th  January,  1774.  Let- 
ters of  administration  were  granted  to  Stephen  Watts 
and  James  Humphries.^ 


Absalom    Bainbridge 

Was  the  fourth  son  of  Edmund  and  Abigail  Bainbridge, 
of  Maidenhead,  now  Lawrenceville,  Mercer  County,  and 
a  grandson  of  John,  an  original  settler  of  the  same 
town,  and  a  descendant  of  Sir  Arthur  Bainbridge,  of 
Durham  County,  England.  Dr.  B.  graduated  at  Prince- 
ton College  in  1762.  After  preparing  himself  for  the 
practice  of  medicine,  he  married  Mary,  a  daughter  of 
John  Taylor,  Sheriff  of  Monmouth  County,  who  was  a 
man  of  large  wealth.  He  remained  in  his  native  town 
in  the  pursuit  of  his  calling  for  about  six  years.  In  1773 
-4  he  removed  to  Princeton,  and  in  1777-8,  being  a 
Loyalist,  to  Flatbush,  L.  L,  and  subsequently  to  New 
York.  In  1778  he  was  surgeon  in  the  New  Jersey  Volun- 
teers (British  service. j^ 

He  held  a  high   rank  in  his  profession.      Dr.  Hosack,  in 


>  MSS.  His.  Notes  of  Win.  John  Potts. 
2  Sabine's  Loyalists. 


132  HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Bainbkidge.  Baker.  Baldwin. 

his  published  memoranda,  refers  to  "  Dr.  Bainbridge  "  as 
confirming  his  views  as  to  the  nature  and  origin  of  Yellow 
Fever.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the  New 
York  Medical  Society.  While  in  New  Jersey  he  early 
connected  himself  with  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society, 
and  was  elected  its  President  in  1773. 

By  his  marriage  union  he  had  fourteen  children,  one  of 
whom,  his  fifth  child,  was  Commodore  William  Bain- 
bridge. The  Doctor  died  in  New  York,  June  23,  1807, 
aged  65,  and  was  buried  with  his  wife  in  a  Trinity  Church 
vault. 


Doctor  Baker 
Was  the  most  ancient  physician  of  Tuckerton,  Burlington 
County.  We  find  neither  records  nor  memorials  of  him, 
any  further  than  that  he  married  the  sister  of  Ebenezer 
Tucker,  who  has  the  credit  of  giving  name  to  the  town 
in  which  Dr.  Baker  exercised  his  skill  in  the  art  of  healin<x. 


Cornelius  Baldwin 
Is   noticed  in   Stryker's  Register,  Surgeon  2d    Regiment, 
Sussex,    Feb.  28,   1776;  Surgeon   Col.    tlunt's   battalion, 
"  Heard's  Brigade,"  July  8,  1776. 

In  the  life  of  John  Warren,  M.  D.,  by  Dr.  Edward 
Warren,  may  be  found  a  letter  which  Dr.  Baldwin  wrote 
to  Dr.  Warren  at  Hanover,  from  Morristown,  in  relation 
to  army  affairs  and  operations.  He  was  a  son  of  Elijah 
Baldwin,  son  of  Nathaniel,  son  of  John  Sr.,  a  primitive 
settler  of  Newark.  After  the  war  he  migrated  to  Virginia 
and  died  at  Winchester,  December  19,  1826,  aged  72. 
He  was  an  ancestor  of  Judge  Briscoe  Baldwin.^ 

'  MSS.  Biographical  Notes. — Dr.  Toner.       Conger's  Genealogical  Notices. 


HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  1 33 

Ball.  Bancroft.  Barber. 

Stephen  Ball. 

Surgeon's  Mate,  First  Regiment,  September  26,   1780. 
Resigned.  ^ 


Daniel  Bancroft. 

Daniel  Bancroft  appeared  before  the  Council  of  Safety 
April  22,  1777,  and  "being  examined  took  the  oath  of 
Abjuration  and  Allegiance  and  was  thereupon  dismissed." 
A  physician  of  this  name,  and  probably  the  same  person, 
married  Mary  Magdalen  Valleau,  a  neice  of  Dr.  Bard  of 
New  York  and  a  relative  of  the  Bards  in  Burlington, 
where  the  Doctor  probably  was  in  1777.  He  was  brother 
of  Dr.  Edward  Bancroft  (of  distinction)  See  Allibone — 
Daniel  was  born  at  Westfield  Mass.,  November  2,  1746; 
died  in  an  apoplectic  fit  in  1796,  at  the  residence  of  John 
Vaughn,  Esq.,  in  Philadelphia,  while  at  a  dinner  party. 
In  one  period  of  his  life  he  was  confined  for  some  ten 
weeks  as  a  suspected  spy.  When  released  he  went  on 
board  the  Roebuck,  and  sailed  with  the  British  vessels 
to  Savannah  and  Charlestown  and  thence  to  Halifax. 
In  1782  he  returned  to  Boston  and  finally  settled  in 
Wilmington,  Delaware,  where  he  acted  as  an  agent  for  his 
brother  in  commercial  pursuits.  But  little  is  known  of 
his  practice  as  a  Physician.  He  is  mentioned  in  Miss 
Montgomery'  Reminiscences  of  Wilmington. 2 


Thomas  Barber 
Migrated    from    Groton,    Connecticut,    to    New    Jersey, 
about  1765.      He   was  educated   at   Yale  College,  gradu- 


'  Stryker's  Register. 

2  MSS.  His.  Notes,  Wm.  J.  Potts. 


134  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Barber.  Barnet. 

ating  in  1762.  He  settled  in  Middletovvn  Point,  now 
Matewan,  where  he  practised  his  profession  during  the 
whole  of  his  life.  He  was  a  reputable  man  and  was  es- 
teemed as  a  good  physician,  having  all  the  practice  of  the 
town.  He  was  commissioned  Surgeon  First  Regiment 
Monmouth  State  Troops,  February  3,  1776,  Princeton 
College  honored  him  with  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts 
ad  eiindeni  1774. 

The  Doctor  married,  but  lost  his  wife  when  she  was 
thirty-five  years  old.  He  had  one  son  Jonathan,  and  one 
daughter  Mariah  ;  both  died  unmarried.  He  died  about 
1806  or  1807  ^t  about  eighty  years  of  age,  leaving  con- 
siderable property.  His  son  studied  medicine  with  his 
father  and  attempted  to  apply  his  knowledge  to  practice, 
but  irregular  habits  and  an  enfeebled  constitution  caused 
his  death  in  early  manhood  by  consumption.  The 
daughter  also  died  comparatively  young.  The  mortal 
remains  of  all  of  them  lie  in  the  old  burying  place  of  the 
town.  No  stone  marks  their  place  of  burial,  except  that 
erected  by  the  Doctor  to  the  memory  of  the  wife  of  his 
earlier  years  which  reads  : 

Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 

MARY  WIFE  OF  DOCT.   THOMAS 

BARBER,  WHO  died  march  — 

1788,  IN  THE  36TH  year  OF  HEK  AGE. 


WiLLi.v.vi   Barnet 

Was  born  in  1723  and  was  a  resident  of  Elizabethtown  of 
which  he  was  probabh'  a  native.  He  was  distinguished 
as  a  physician  and  as  an  active  and  prominent  Whig  in 
promoting,  in  his  various  relations,  the  patriot  cause  before 
and  during  the  Revolution.    He  was  one  of  the  volunteers 


HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  135 

Barnet. 

who,  under  the  command  of  Eh'as  Dayton,  manned  the 
Shallops  in  order  to  take  the  ship  "  Blue  Mountain  Val- 
ley," January  22d,  1776.  He  was  the  surgeon  of  the  ex- 
pedition. The  vessel  is  described  by  Lord  Stirling  in  his 
letter  to  Congress,  as  a  ship  of  about  one  hundred  feet 
from  stem  to  stern,  above,  capable  of  making  a  ship-of- 
war  of  twenty  six-pounders  and  ten  three-pounders.  The 
vessel  was  brought  in  safety  to  Elizabethtown  Point. 
Subsequent  to  this  he  was  Major  of  the  Regiment  of 
Light  Horse  in  the  Eastern  division  of  the  State,  Wil- 
liamson, Col.  He  also  served  as  a  volunteer  surgeon,  but 
was  not  commissioned. 

He  suffered  largely  by  the  plundering  incursions  of  the 
enemy  from  Staten  Island.  In  describing  one  of  these 
after  the  war,  the  Doctor  relates  that  "  the  rascals  emp- 
tied my  feather  beds  in  the  street  and  smashed  my 
mirrors  and  windows.  That  was  bad  enough,  but  to 
crown  all  they  stole  from  me  the  most  splendid  string  of 
red  peppers,  hanging  in  my  kitchen,  that  was  ever  seen  in 
Elizabethtown."  1  He  was  probably  a  man  of  property,  as 
he  built  a  large  brick  mansion  about  1760,  which,  after 
his  death,  was  conveyed  by  Dr.  Oliver  Barnet  his  brother, 
as  executor,  to  Jonathan  Hampton  in  1790.  The  house 
was  subsequently  owned  and  long  occupied  by  Major 
General  Scott  as  his  home.  It  is  still  standing  having 
been  kept  in  good  condition. 

Dr.  Barnet  is  credited^  with  having  introduced  vaccina- 
tion into  his  town.  This  statement  is  open  to  doubt  as 
Jenner's  discovery  was  not  made  known  to  the  world 
till  1796.  His  experiments  were  first  instituted  in  1776 
and  Dr.  Barnet  may  have  had  some  knowledge  of  them 

1  Hatfield's  His.  of  Elizabethtown. 

'■'  Clark  on  The  Medical  Men  of  Essex  Co. 


136  HISTORY   OF   X.   J.   MEDICINE. 

Barnet. 

before  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1790,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-seven.  He  was  esteemed  a  fine  physician,  genial 
and  very  poHte  in  his  manners.  That  he  was  a  man  of 
reputation  and  of  progressive  medical  views  appears  from 
the  fact  noticed  by  Dr.  Rush^  who  states  that  "  in  the 
year  1759  Dr.  Barnet  was  invited  from  Elizabethtown  in 
New  Jersey  to  Philadelphia,  to  inoculate  for  Small  Pox. 
The  practice  though  much  opposed  soon  became  general." 
The  Doctor  alluded  to  was  doubtless  the  subject  of  this 
memoir,  as,  at  that  date  he  was  thirty-six  years  of  age 
and  the  only  physician  of  that  name  in  his  town.^  His 
reputation  as  a  promoter  of  inoculation  probably  gave 
rise  to  the  tradition  concerning  his  adoption  of  Jcnner's 
discovery. 

His  will  was  probated  December  30th,  1790.  It  makes 
Oliver  Barnet,  his  brother,  his  executor,  and  constitutes 
him  sole  heir  and  executor  in  confidence  that  he  will  ex- 
ercise a  prudent  liberality  towards  the  testator's  wife, 
child  and  grandchildren.^ 


Oliver  Barnet 
Born  in  1743,  was  a  brother  of  Dr.  William  Barnet.  His 
home  was  in  New  Germantown,  Hunterdon  County.  He 
was  widely  known  in  his  day,  as  a  man  of  distinction,  and 
highly  esteemed  by  those  who  sought  his  professional 
services.     He  was  wealthy,  endowed  with  civil  offices,  an 


1  Inquiries  into  the  Comparative  State  of  Medicine  in  Philadelphia,  1760 — 1809. 

2  Dr.  Beck  in  his  history  of  American  Medicine  says  that  "Dr.  Barnet  of  New 
Jersey  seems  to  liave  been  the  most  conspicuous,"  in  establishing  hospitals  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  country  "for  the  purpose  of  carrying  patients"  through  the 
process  of  moculation. 

3  Hatfield's  History  of  Elizabeth,  Wm.   Hall's  Newspaper  Sketches,  et  aliis. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  1 37 

Barnet. 

earnest  revolutionary  patriot  and  successful  as  a  physi- 
cian. He  was  surgeon  4th  Regt.  Hunterdon,  Feb.  I4tb, 
1776.1  He  was  one  of  the  associate  justices  at  the  trial 
in  Westfield,  of  the  murderer  of  Rev.  James  Caldwell  of 
Elizabethtown. 

His  name  is  still  remembered  in  the  place  of  his  resi- 
dence in  connection  with  many  anecdotes  illustrative  of 
his  peculiar  character.  One  of  them  is  furnished  the  wri- 
ter of  this  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Messier  of  Somerville.  Dr. 
Barnet  had  a  colored  man,  Cuffy,  who  drove  his  coach 
and  was  a  favorite.  After  building  a  vault  on  a  sightly 
knoll  for  himself,  he  told  Cuffy  that  when  he  died  he 
might  be  put  in  the  vault  with  him  and  Mrs.  B.  ;  but 
Cuffy  stammered  "  N-n-no  Doctor,  I  guess  not."  "  But 
why  Cuffy,  why  would  you  not  like  to  be  put  in  the  vault 
with  me  and  Mrs.  Barnet?  "  "  Well  Doctor,"  said  Cuffy, 
"  there  will  be  a  resurrection,  and  if  the  Devil  comes  for 
you,  he  might  make  a  mistake  and  take  me.  No  Massa, 
no,  I  don't  want  to  be  put  there."  The  old  Doctor 
laughed  and  said  no  more.  He  did  not  have  the  reputa- 
tion of  a  saint  and  Cuffy  was  afraid  of  the  consequences. 

The  Doctor  died  in  1809  aged  sixty-six.  His  remains 
rest  in  the  vault  alluded  to,  erected  on  his  own  estate. 

Dr.  Blane  in  his  medical  history  of  Hunterdon  gives 
some  further  notices  of  the  Doctor. 


William  M.  Barnet 
Son  of  Dr.  William  Barnet,  of  Elizabethtown,  became  a 
physician  prior  to    1772.     A  charge  to    Dr.   Wm.    Barnet 
Jr.   appears   in   an  account   book  now  extant,  date  1771. 


Stryker's  Register. 


138  HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Barnet.  Beatty. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical 
Society  in  1772.  He  signed  his  name  to  the  constitution 
making  a  dash  under  the  "  M  "  probably  to  distinguish 
himself  from  his  father  who  never  joined  the  Society. 
He  served  as  a  surgeon  in  the  war,  first  Battalion,  ist 
Establishment,  December  8th,  1775;  also  first  Battalion, 
2d  Establishment,  November  28th,  1776.  Surgeon  First 
Regiment  resigned.  ^ 

Dr.  Barnet,  Sr.,  whose  will  was  probated  in  1790,  left 
his  estate  in  the  hands  of  his  brother  Oliver  (See  notice 
of  William  Barnet).  As  it  was  a  large  property  for  that 
period,  Dr.  Wm.  M.  probabl}'  withdrew  from  the  active 
duties  of  his  calling  and  consequently  made  a  very  limited 
professional  record.  It  is  traditional  that  he  removed 
from  his  native  town  to  New  Germantown,  Hunterdon 
County,  the  residence  of  his  uncle  Oliver  and  died  there. 
Dr.  Blane  in  his  Medical  annals  of  Hunterdon  County 
notices  a  Dr.  William  Barnet  of  New  Germantown,  as  a 
nephew  of  Dr.  Oliver  Barnet,  who  commenced  practice 
there  about  18 12  and  died  in  1821.  He  was  probably  a 
grand-nephew  being  a  son  of  William  M.  and  one  of  the 
"grand-children"  alluded  to  in  the  will  of  1790. 


John  Beattv. 

Born  December  19th,  1749  in  Hartsville,  Pennsylvania. 
His  father  was  Reverend  Charles  Beatty  of  Pennsylvania 
and  his  maternal  grand-father  was  Governor  Reading. 
Dr.  Beatty  was  educated  in  Princeton  College;  graduated 
in  1769.  He  was  married  (i)  to  Miss  Mary  Longstreet 
by  Dr.  Witherspoon,  March  22d,  1774;  (2)  to  Miss  Kitty 


1  Stryker's  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  1 39 

Beatty. 

Lalor.  He  was  educated  as  a  physician  under  the  tui- 
tion of  Dr.  Rush.  At  the  commencement  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, in  1775,  he  immediately  espoused  the  cause  of  Ameri- 
can liberty.  In  the  Autumn  of  1776  he  was  a  colonel  in  the 
army,  when  bravely  defending  Fort  Washington.  By  its 
capture  he  was  consigned  to  imprisonment  by  the  enemy 
at  a  crisis,  when  the  severity  of  their  treatment  exceeded 
that  of  any  other  period  of  the  war.  It  was  a  considera- 
able  time  before  he  was  exchanged.  The  hardships 
which  he  endured,  in  his  military  career,  materially  im- 
paired his  constitution  and  health,  which  required  some 
years  for  its  restoration.  Being  able  at  length  to  resume 
the  active  duties  of  life,  he  was  appointed  in  1778  as  suc- 
cessor to  Elias  Boudinot,  to  the  office  of  Commissary 
General  of  Prisoners,  which  he  held  till  1780. 

At  the  close  of  the  war.  Dr.  Beatty  settled  in  Prince- 
ton, where  he  pursued  his  professional  calling  with  much 
success.  One  of  the  Doctor's  cards  was  presented  to 
the  writer  by  Dr.  W.  W.  L.  Phillips,  of  Trenton.  It  is 
printed  on  the  back  of  a  playing  card,  and  reads  thus : 

^  i 

Doftor     J.    BEATTY,  I 

BEGS  Leave  to  inform  |j 

that  having      ^ 

declined  all  publick  Bufincfs,   he    propo-  ^ 

fcs  to  apply  himfelf  wholly  in   the    Line  h 

^      of    his  Profeffion,  and  may  be  confulted  ^ 

%     at   all   Times,  at  his  Houfe    near  Prince-  H 

ton.  Ij 

WINDSOR-HALL,  J  u  N  e  1785.  S 


I40  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Bkatty. 

He  was  elected  the  first  President  of  the  Medical 
Society  after  the  interruption  of  its  meetings  by  the  war. 
His  membership  in  the  Society  dates  from  1773.  At 
different  times  he  was  elected  a  member  of  each  House 
of  the  Legislature,  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Assembly.  He  also  represented  the  County  of  Mid- 
dlesex in  the  Convention  which  adopted  the  Federal 
Constitution.  In  1793  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and 
served  there  with  distinction.  After  the  death  of  Sam'l 
W.  Stockton,  then  Secretary  of  State,  the  Legislature 
conferred  the  office,  in  1795,  on  Dr.  Beatty.  He  held  the 
office  for  ten  years.  At  the  time  of  this  appointment  he 
removed  to  Trenton,  and  erected  a  beautiful  mansion  on 
the  banks  of  the  Delaware,  a  short  distance  above  the 
State  House,  then  in  the  rural  district.  The  office  in 
which  his  business  as  Secretary  of  State  was  transacted, 
was  located  in  a  small  one  story  brick  building,  on  the 
east  corner  of  the  State  House  grounds.  He  was 
appointed  care  taker  of  the  State  House  and  its  grounds, 
which  he  rendered  profitable  by  keeping  it  as  a  pasture 
lot  or  cutting  the  hay.  Upon  his  removal  from  office  he 
was  soon  after  selected  by  the  Delaware  Bridge  Company 
to  superintend  the  erection  of  the  bridge  across  the  river 
at  Bloomsburg,  in  which  important  undertaking  his  usual 
habits  of  punctuality,  activity  and  attention  to  business 
secured  him  the  confidence  of  the  Company,  which  he 
continued  to  enjoy  till  the  day  of  his  death.  After  the 
decease  of  Jonathan  Rhea,  he  was  elected  President  of 
the  Trenton  Bank,  which  office  he  held  with  unblemished 
reputation  during  the  last  eleven  years  of  his  life. 

In  the  various  stations  which  Dr.  Beatty  was  called  to 
fill,  either  by  the  call  of  his  fellow  citizens  or  by  the 
public  authorities,  his   duties  were    performed    with  the 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  14! 

Beatty. 

Strictest  attention,  fidelity,  industrj-  and  success.  In  the 
private  relations  of  life  he  was  exemplary,  urbane  and 
polite,  and  uniformly  sustained  through  a  protracted  life 
the  character  of  an  upright,  useful  and  worthy  citizen. 
The  kindness  of  his  nature  is  illustrated  by  an  incident 
related  of  him  b}-  a  friend,  who  when  a  boy  thirteen 
years  of  age,  in  1802,  met  him  by  accident  at  the  stage 
ofiSce  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  had  gone  to  engage 
passage  home.  At  that  time  it  was  necessarj.'  to  engage 
passage  two  or  three  days  in  advance.  General  Beatt\' 
took  him  ver}*  kindly  by  the  hand  and  enquired  where  he 
wanted  to  go,  and  offered  him  a  seat  in  his  carriage  if  he 
would  be  at  his  hotel  at  1 1  o'clock,  which  invitation  was 
gladly  accepted.  He  had  a  pleasant  and  profitable  jour- 
ney, as  the  General  took  delight  in  informing  him  of  every 
place  of  interest,  as  well  as  the  names,  as  he  thought,  of 
every  land  owner  on  the  road. 

With  all  the  lustre  of  his  high  character  and  elevated 
station,  he  was  not  ashamed  of  the  Gospel  of  Christ. 
He  made  a  profession  of  religion  in  1808,  and  was  for 
many  years  a  sincere  and  consistent  Christian,  and  a 
Ruling  Elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Trenton. 

His  monument  in  the  Presbyterian  graveyard,  Trenton, 
bears  the  following  inscription  : 

"  Sacred  to  the  memorv^  of  Gen.  Jno.  Beatn-,  bom  Dec.  lo,  1749,  died  May  30, 
1826.  Educated  as  a  physician,  he  early  became  distinguished  for  benevolence, 
assiduity  and  skill.  In  the  War  of  Independence,  in  important  njilitan.-  stations, 
he  faithfully  ser%-ed  his  oountry.  By  the  public  voice  he  was  called  to  the  discharge 
of  eminent  dvil  offices,  in  the  State  and  National  Legislature  repeatedly  a  repre- 
sentative and  always  active  and  influential-  For  many  years  a  ruling  elder  of  this 
ch'irch.  In  every  walk  of  life,  amiable,  honorable  and  useful.  He  crowned  the 
virtues  of  the  man,  the  patriotism  of  the  soldier  and  the  sagacit%'  of  the  statesman, 
by  the  pure  piety  and  sincere  religion  of  the  devout  and  humble  Christian.'' 

•  Hall's  1st  Chh.,  Trenton.    Kotices  m  Trenton  Papers  republished  in  History 
of  Trenton  Lodge,  No.  5.  1B63.     Barber  &  Howe's  His.  Coll.  of  N.  J..  <S:c. 
1  1 


142  IliSTORV    OF    N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Bertron.  Belleville. 

Abraham  Bertron 

Was  a  practitioner,  living  on  the  South  Branch  of  the 
Raritan  river,  in  Readington.  Tradition  says  that  he  was 
there  about  1784.1 


( 


Nicholas  Belleville 
Was  a  native  of  Metz,  France.  He  was  born  in  1753. 
He  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  the  tuition  of  his 
father,  who  was  a  surgeon  of  the  mihtary  hospital  in  that 
town.  He  subsequently  entered  the  medical  schools  of 
Paris,  where,  after  seven  years'  study  and  practice  in  the 
hospitals,  he  received  his  diploma  accompanied  by  testi- 
monials of  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  teachers.  He 
was,  soon  after,  favorably  introduced  to  Count  Pulaski, 
who  was  at  Paris  and  about  to  embark  for  America  to 
offer  his  services  in  our  Revolutionary  struggle.  Dr. 
Belleville  was  induced  to  cast  in  his  fortunes  with  him. 
They  sailed  from  Nantes  June  9,  1777,  in  a  sloop  of  war  |i 
of  fourteen  guns,  with  a  crew  of  105  men,  having  on 
board  1,600  stand  of  arms  for  the  American  troops.  On 
July  22d  they  arrived  at  Salem,  Massachusetts. 

Count  Pulaski  having  made  known  his  wishes  to  the 
government,  and  received  from  the  Provincial  Congress 
authority  to  recruit  a  legion,  the  Doctor  accompanied 
the  Count  as  surgeon  while  he  was  employed  in  visiting 
different  parts  of  the  country.  For  accomplishing  his 
purpose,  he  spent  some  time  in  Trenton,  where  Belleville 
made  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Br)-ant,  then  an  old 
physician  there,  who,  attracted  by  the  character  and 
attainments  of  the  }-oung  Frenchman,  persuaded  him  to 


'  Blane's  Med.  His.  of  Hunterdon  Co. 


iJj 


HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  I43 

Belleville. 

leave  the  army  and  settle  in  Trenton  as  a  practitioner. 
The  Count  being  unwilling  to  object  to  any  measure 
which  seemed  to  promise  good  to  his  young  friend, 
assented  to  his  proposal  to  abandon  the  service,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1778  Dr.  Belleville  became  a  permanent 
resident  of  Trenton.  He  married  Ann  Brittain.  The 
issue  of  that  union  was  two  daughters — Mary,  who 
married  Dr.  James  Clark,  and  Sarah,  who  married  Andrew 
Hunter. 

The  Doctor  was  highly  esteemed  for  his  social  qualities 
and  general  intelligence.  He  attained  to  much  eminence 
as  a  man  of  skill  in  his  profession,  and  was  personally 
known  to  many  of  the  most  eminent  medical  men  of 
Philadelphia  and  elsewhere,  being  often  called  in  consul- 
tation with  them.  He  had  a  large  and  lucrative  practice 
over  a  large  district  of  country.  His  deportment  in  the 
sick  room  was  kind  and  soothing,  inspiring  at  the  same 
time  confidence  in  his  ability  to  successfully  combat  the 
emergencies  of  disease.  Self-reliant  and  confident  of  his 
skill,  he  was  not  always  patient  of  the  whims  and  notions 
of  fretful  sufferers,  but  was  firm  in  his  own  purpose,  and 
not  slow  to  rebuke  them.  He  was  the  family  attendant 
of  Joseph  Bonaparte,  at  his  home  at  Bordentown,  and 
was  always  a  welcome  visitor  at  his  mansion.  The  ven- 
erable Charles  Stokes,  Esq.,  has  communicated  to  the 
writer  of  this  sketch  a  conversation  which  he  heard  at 
the  mansion  between  his  friend  John  Imlay,  of  Borden- 
town, and  the  Doctor.  We  give  it  in  his  own  words : 
"  Imlay  remarked  that  he  thought  there  was  at  that  time 
a  good  opening  for  a  doctor  in  Bordentown,  and  asked 
Belleville  if  he  knew  of  one  whom  he  could  recommend. 
He  hesitated,  but  said,  '  If  you  get  one  ,i,'vW  doctor,  you 
get  one  ^ood  thing,  but  if  you  get  one  /;^?<'/ doctor  you  get 


144  HISTORY    OF    N.    J.    MKDlClNE. 

Belleville. 

one  bad  thing.  If  \'ou  have  a  lawsuit,  you  get  one  bad 
lawyer,  you  lose  your  suit, — you  can  appeal ;  but  if  you 
have  one  bad  doctor,  and  he  kills  you,  then  there  be  no 
appeal.'  My  impression  is  that  he  made  no  recommenda- 
tion." That  there  were  causes  in  operation  to  make  him 
cautious  in  recommending  a  "  good  doctor  "  for  Borden- 
town,  may  be  suspected  from  the  following  incident, 
communicated  to  the  writer  by  the  late  Dr.  James  B. 
Coleman,  of  Trenton,  who  was  a  student  of  Dr.  Belleville. 
After  the  Doctor  had  been  attending  Joseph  Bonaparte 
for  some  time,  the  Count's  secretary  called  to  know  the 
amount  of  compensation  due  for  professional  services. 
The  Doctor  asked  the  secretary  if  his  attendance  on  the 
Count  had  been  satisfactory.  "  Certainly,  most  certainly," 
was  the  reply.  "Then,"  said  the  Doctor,"!  am  suffi- 
ciently paid, — that  is  sufficient  compensation."  Although 
the  secretary  remonstrated,  the  Doctor  was  determined. 
A  few  days  after,  the  secretary  returned  with  a  check  for 
six  hundred  dollars,  and  told  the  Doctor  they  could  not 
judge  what  would  be  a  proper  amount,  but  to  look  upon 
the  check  as  something  to  be  increased  if  not  sufficient 
The  Doctor  in  answer  said  :  "  Whatever  the  Count  and 
he  thought  was  entirely  satisfactory  to  him."  "  Gentle- 
men," said  Belleville,  when  relating  this  to  his  students, 
"  if  I  had  made  out  a  regular  professional  bill,  it  could 
not  have  been  more  than  seventy  or  eighty  dollars  ;  but 
you  must  recollect  that  I  was  dealing  with  a  king,  and 
when  you  have  a  king  for  a  patient  treat  him  as  a  king, 
and  not  as  a  common  man, — with  regard  to  money." 

The  Doctor's  reputation  drew  to  his  office  many  young 
men  from  diffi:rent  parts  of  the  country  for  instruction  in 
medicine.  He  devoted  himself  to  their  improvement 
with  much  fidelity,  especially  of  those  to  whom  he  took 


HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  145 

Belleville.  DeBenneville. 

a  liking.  He  withdrew  from  general  practice  some  years 
before  his  death,  but  did  not  lose  his  relish  for  books,  of 
which  he  had  a  large  and  valuable  collection.  To  his 
habits  of  reading  and  study  is  doubtless  to  be  attributed 
the  mental  vigor  which  distinguished  him  to  the  end  of 
his  days.  He  was  a  pew  holder  and  an  occasional 
attendant  upon  the  services  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church,  in  Trenton,  of  which  his  wife  was  a  member  ;  but 
he  was  more  interested  in  the  teachings  of  Voltaire  than 
in  those  of  Jesus  Christ. 

His  monumental  inscription  is  in  the  Presbyterian 
churchyard  where  his  remains  were  laid.  It  was  compos- 
ed by  Dr.  F.  A.  Ewing  one  of  his  former  students.  Dr. 
Jno.  Blane,  in  his  Medical  Annals  of  Hunterdon  County, 
furnishes  some  further  incidents  of  interest  in  the  life  of 
Dr.  Belleville. 

This  Stone 

Covers  the  remains  of 

Dr.    NICHOLAS  BELLEVILLE 

Born  and  educated  in  France 

For  50  years  an  inhabitant  of  this  city 

A  physician  Eminently  learned  and  successful 

A  man  of  scrupulous  and  unblemished  integrity 

On  the  17th  day  of  Dec.  1831,  at  the  age  of  70  years 

he  closed  a  life  of  honor  and  usefulness 

By  all  respected  esteemed  and  lamented 

Hall's  His.  of  Pros.  Chh.,  Trenton,  Trenton  Gazette,  et  aliis. 


Daniel  DeBenneville 
Was   descended    from    George    DeBenneville,    a    French 
nobleman    of   Normandy,  who   was  born   in   the   city   of 
Rouen.      He  fled  to  England    from   religious  persecution 
and  found  employment  of  honor  at  the  Court  of  William 

ni.i 


>  Many  of  the  most  renowned  names  of  the  middle  ages  in  French  history  found 
an  asylum  in  London  and  were  well  received  at  Court. 


146  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

DicBknnkville. 

He  married  Maria  Granville  in  1697  and  died,  as  also 
his  wife,  in  1703,  leaving  their  son,  the  father  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  to  the  care  of  Queen  Anne,  who  had 
charge  of  the  first  eleven  }'ears  of  his  boyhood.  This  son, 
afterwards  Dr.  George  DeBenneville  of  Philadelphia,  thus 
brought  up  under  royal  parentage,  so  long  as  his  foster 
mother,  as  he  always  called  her,  lived,  came  to  America 
in  1745,  residing  first  at  Oley,  Bucks  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  was  a  colony  of  Huguenots.  Among  them 
was  the  famih'  of  DeBertolet,  who  settled  there  as  early 
as  1726.  In  the  year  of  his  arrival  he  married  Esther  De 
Bertolet  and  removed  to  Philadelphia,  in  1755,  where  he 
practised  medicine.  He  collected  around  him  many 
warm  friends,  and  enjoyed  an  extensive  practice.  He 
died  in  1793.  The  subject  of  this  memoir  was  his  eldest 
son.  He  was  born  in  Oley,  Bucks  County,  No\'ember 
1 2th,  1753.  When  he  was  ten  years  of  age,  his  father 
removed  to  Milestown,  Old  York  Road,  and  afterwards  pur- 
chased the  farm  in  Branchtown,  York  Road,  now  a  part  of 
the  consolidated  city,  on  Avhich  the  family  burying-ground 
is  situated,  which  upon  the  death  of  his  father,  became 
the  property  of  Daniel,  and  which  was  his  home  during  a 
considerable  part  of  his  life. 

After  receiving  an  education  under  the  care  of  his 
father,  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  and  entered  the 
profession  at  the  same  time  with  Dr.  Jos.  Pfeifer  of  Phil- 
adelphia. He  joined  the  Army  soon  after  as  a  junior  sur- 
geon of  the  fl>'ing  hospitals  of  the  Army,  and  in  July  3d, 
1 78 1,  as  surgeon  of  the  13th  Virginia  Regiment  of  infan- 
try. Continental  Army.  He  was  a  cultivated  man,  and 
as  a  physician,  held  a  high  rank  among  his  peers.  As  a 
surgeon  in  the  Army,  he  was  distinguished  for  his  sympa- 
thy for  the    wounded    and  distressed.      This  made  him 


HISTORY   OF   N,   J.    MEDICINE.  1 47 

DeBenneville. 

many  friends,  who,  in  after  years  spoke  of  him  in  the 
highest  terms  of  praise.  In  appearance  and  disposition 
he  was  a  perfect  counterpart  of  Andrew  Jackson,  vv'hose 
friend  he  was.  He  was  eminently  loyal  to  his  country, 
and  served  it  with  all  fidelity  during  its  struggle  for  liber- 
ty. We  have  before  us  a  letter  addressed  to  a  friend  in 
the  army  stationed  on  the,  then,  remote  frontier  (Pitts- 
burgh) written  at  Philadelphia,  October  2d,  1781,  the  day 
on  which  Major  Andre  was  executed,  which  contains  the 
following  passage :  "  When  I  think  of  the  villainous  traitor 
Arnold,  and  others  of  his  stamp,  it  fills  my  soul  with  hor- 
ror and  amaze.  She  shrinks  back  upon  herself  and  startles 
at  such  scenes  of  baseness  and  depravity.  But  were  the 
stronger  passions  of  avarice  and  pride  predominant,  they 
universall}"  absorb  the  finer  feelings  of  the  soul,  and 
reduce  the  mind  to  the  most  disgraceful  standard.  And 
I  cannot  but  exclaim  with  Cato,  '  O  I  is  there  not  some 
chosen  curse  ;  some  hidden  thunder  in  the  stores  of 
heaven,  red  in  uncommon  wrath  to  blast  the  wretch  that 
owes  his  greatness  to  his  country's  ruin.'" 

After  the  war  he  married  Elizabeth  Coots,  and  about 
17S4  migrated  to  Moorestown,  Burlington  County,  N.  J. 
Whether  his  character  underwent  a  change,  or  as  years 
advanced  its  native  elements  developed  themselves,  we 
know  not,  but  from  this  period  of  his  life  we  find  nothing 
concerning  him  very  pleasant  to  record.  While  in 
Moorestown  he  exhibited  an  arrogant,  perverse  disposi- 
tion. He  was  erratic  and  irritable,  imbued  with  dcistical 
opinions,  very  profane  and  so  disagreeable  in  every  way, 
that  he  secured  little  practice  and  no  respect  as  a 
physician  or  a  citizen.  His  marriage  union,  from  which 
there  was  no  issue,  was  dissolved  by  a  separation  from 
his  wife,  and  he  removed  from   Moorestown  to  Nicetown, 


148  IIIS'I'ORV    OK    N.    J.    MKDICINE. 

DeBennkvillk. 

Pennsylvania,  and  soon  thereafter  returned  to  his  paternal 
estate  at  Kranchtown,  Pcnnsj-lvania.  There  he  became 
the  victim  of  unprincipled  flatterers,  who  hoped  to  get 
possession  of  his  property,  but,  failing  in  this,  after  he 
became  infirm  they  carried  off  all  his  comforts  and  left 
him  to  die  alone.  In  this  condition  he  was  discovered 
b}'  a  neighbor,  who  acquainted  his  family  friends  with  his 
situation.  He  had  long  before  alienated  all  his  friends 
from  him  by  his  perversity.  His  brother,  hearing  of  his 
forlorn  state,  dispatched  a  message  to  him  as  follows  :  "  If 
Daniel  will  receive  me,  I  will  come  and  make  him  com- 
fortable." He  soon  returned  an  answer,  accepting  the 
offer.  His  brother  hastened  to  his  house  and  found  him 
alone,  helpless  by  paralysis,  without  food  or  fuel  for  two 
days,  and  nearh'  exhausted.  He  was  removed  to  his 
brother's  house  and  kindly  cared  for.  In  the  brokenness 
of  his  proud  and  humbled  spirit  he  confessed  his  errors 
and  craved  forgiveness.  He  was  taken  to  his  brother's 
house  in  1826.  He  died  in  1828,  aged  75,  and  was  buried 
in  the  family  burying  place,  on  his  estate.  His  tomb- 
stone, in  addition  to  the  dates,  notices  his  services  to  his 
countr}'.  A  younger  brother.  Dr.  George  DeBenneville, 
was  an  eminent  pln'sician  in  Philadelphia,  whose  life, 
with  that  of  his  father,  is  noticed  in  Simpson's  Lives  of 
Eminent  Philadelphians. 

The  DeBennevilles  had  a  distinguished  ancestry.  They 
did  good  service  and  hard  work  for  the  cause  of  religious 
liberty  in  the  gloomy  days  of  the  Reformation,  and  some 
of  them  became  martyrs  to  the  cause.  Pride  of  ancestry, 
without  its  accompanying  inspiration  of  nobility  of  soul, 
seems  to  have  been  a  snare  to  the  subject  of  our  memoir. 
The  following  incident,  in  this  connection,  is  not  without 
interest.     Not   long:  before  the   death  of  the  Senior  Dr. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.   MEUTCINE.  1 49 

DkBenneville.  Bloomfiei.d. 

George  DeBenneville,  his  son.  Dr.  George,  Jr.,  called  at 
the  house  of  his  father,  and  upon  entering  the  room 
observed  something  burning  on  the  hearth.  He  asked 
his  father  what  it  was.  "  It  is  the  history  of  my  family 
and  life,  but  as  Daniel  has  given  me  so  much  trouble,  I 
thought  it  best  to  destroy  it,  for  fear  his  pride  will  ruin 
him."  Letters  still  held  by  his  descendants  indicate  the 
historic  value  of  this  sacrifice  to  a  loving  father's  solici- 
tude for  the  good  of  a  wayward  son. 

In  this  record.  Dr.  James  DeBenneville,  of  Philadelphia, 
deserves  incidental  mention.  He  died  September  5,  1866, 
from  disease  contracted  in  the  Union  army,  while  a 
prisoner  in  Libby  prison.  He  was  a  surgeon  in  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion,  and  one  of  those  brave  men  who 
refused  to  desert  his  hospital  when  captured  before 
Richmond,  though  many  did.  He  remained  with  the 
sick  and  wounded  in  their  trials.  His  widow  is  still 
living  in  Philadelphia.  ^ 


Moses  Bloomfield, 

Son  of  Joseph  and  Eunice  Bloomfield,  was  a  practitioner 
of  medicine  in  Woodbridge,  N.  J.  He  married  (i)  Miss 
Ogden,  of  Eli/abethtown,  and  (2)  the  widow  of  Dr.  Sam'l 
Ward,  of  Cumberland  County,  who  died  in  1774,  aged 
37  years. 

The  Doctor  was  a  man  of  fine  appearance  and  of  more 
than  ordinary  culture  and  ability,  and  was  considered  one 
of  the  best  physicians  of  his  day.  He  became  a  member 
of  the  Medical  Society  in  1776,  and  was  efficient  and 
prominent  in  promoting  its  welfare.  His  opinion  was 
highly    valued    and    much    sought    in    civil    and     church 

'  MSS.  Kaniily  Memorials       MSS.  Ills.  Notes,  Wm .  Jno.  Potts. 


150  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Bloomfield. 

matters.  Mc  was  named  a  trustee  in  the  charter  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  1756,  30th,  of  Geo.  II.  Also 
trustee  named  in  the  charter,  by  Geo.  Ill,  of  Free  School 
lands  in  Woodbridge.  At  the  town  meetings  of  his 
town  he  was  usually  chosen  Secretary,  being  a  "good 
penman."  This  is  made  manifest  by  his  records  as 
Secretary  in  the  minute  book  of  the  Medical  Society. 

He  was  a  man  of  fervent  patriotism,  and  gave  his 
energies  to  the  cause  of  his  county  during  the  trials  of 
the  revolution.  Was  commissioned  Surgeon  United 
States  Hospital,  Continental  Army,  May  14,  1777,^  and 
became  senior  surgeon. 

His  children,  by  his  first  marriage  union,  were  Joseph, 
afterwards  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  born  1755,  who 
married  Miss  Mcllvaine  ;  Samuel,  a  physician,  born  1756; 
Hannah  married  General  Giles,  of  Burlington,  and  Ann 
married  Dr.  Wall. 

In  the  correspondence  of  the  New  Jersey  jfo7ir7ial, 
August  31,  1 791.  is  a  notice  of  the  Doctor's  decease, 
from  which  we  copy  his  eulogy: 

He  "  maintained  an  eminent  character  as  a  scholar,  a  phj-sician,  a 
gentleman  and  a  Christian.  In  the  early  part  of  his  life  he  became 
acquainted  with  men  as  well  as  books.  When  the  war  commenced 
he  took  an  early  and  decided  part  in  favor  of  his  country.  He  served 
in  civil  offices  of  trust  and  honor.  When  his  assistance  as  a  physician 
was  called  for  by  the  public,  he  cheerfully  stepped  forward  and  served 
with  faithfulness  and  reputation  as  senior  physician  and  surj^eon,  until 
near  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  retired  to  private  life  of  his  own 
accord.  As  a  physician  he  was  skilfull,  attentive  and  successful ; 
easy  and  familiar  in  his  manners  and  address.  He  was  benevolent 
and  liberal  to  the  poor,  without  ostentation,  religious  without  bigotry, 
never  ashamed  to  own  in  any  company  that  he  was  a  Christian  ;  nor 
would  he  neglect  his  duty  to  God  or  to  his  fellow-men  on  any  account 

1  Stryker's  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  15I 

Bl.OOMFIELD.  RlACHLY. 

whatever.  His  last  illness,  which  lasted  more  than  two  years,  he  bore 
with  an  uncommon  Christian  patience  and  fortitude.  In  his  death 
the  State  has  lost  a  worthy  citizen,  and  the  Presbyterian  Church  an 
important  member." 

The  following  inscription  is  on  his  tombstone  in  the 
graveyard  at  Woodbridge,  New  Jersey  : 

"  In  memory  of  Dr.  Moses  Bloonifield,  forty  years  a  physician  and  surgeon  in 
this  town,  senior  physician  and  surgeon  in  the  Hospital  of  the  United  States, 
representative  m  the  Provincial  Congress  and  General  Assembly.  An  upright 
Magistrate,  Elder  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  &c.  Born  4th  Dec,  1729,  died 
14th  Aug.,  1791,  in  his  63d  year.     Tim.  i,  12  :   'I  know  in  whom  I  have  believed.'"  ^ 


Samuel  Bloomfield 
Was  the  second  son  of  Dr.  Moses  Bloomfield.  He  be- 
came a  physician  and  settled  in  Colestown,  Gloucester 
County.  His  house  was  a  small,  hipped  roof,  frame 
building,  near  the  church,  taken  down  a  few  years  since. 
The  Doctor  was  a  bon-vivant  and  being  too  much  given 
to  the  pleasures  of  the  cup  did  not  make  for  himself  much 
of  a  professional  record.  In  1790  he  applied  for  member- 
ship in  the  Medical  Society,  but  did  not  pursue  his  appli- 
cation and  his  name  was  dropped.  He  died  in  1806  aged 
fifty.  His  remains  lie  in  St.  Mary's  churchyard,  Coles- 
town.  Two  of  his  sons  wdio  survived  him  fell  in  the  w'ar 
of  1812.3 


Blachly. 
The  Blachly  family  of  New  Jersey  w^as  descended  from 
Thomas  Blachly  of   Hartford    1640,   New   Haven    1643, 
Branford   1645.      He  signed   the  agreements  w'ith  those 


'  Elmers  Reminiscences.     Barber  tS:  Howe's  His.  Coll.     Coll.  His.  Soc.  of  N. 
J.     Daily's  Woodbridge,  &c. 
'  Hon.  Jno.  Clement's  MSS.,  His.  Notes,  &c. 


152  HISTORY   f)F   N.   J.    MKDICINE. 

Blachly. 

who  migrated  from  Branford  to  settle  in  Newark,  but 
never  came  with  them  and  did  not  receive  a  part  of  the 
division  of  the  lands  set  off  to  him.  He  had  children 
Aaron,  INIoses,  Miriam  and  Abigail.  Aaron  married 
Mary  Dodd,  of  Guilford — had  Mary,  Thomas,  Ebenezer, 
Hannah,  Daniel,  Joseph,  Benjamin,  Sarah  and  Susanna 
in  uncertain  order.  He  returned  and  was  of  Guilford  in 
1683,  when  he  sold  to  Thomas  Huntington  his  land  in 
Newark.^ 


I 


Ebenezer  Blachly 
Probably  son  of  Aaron,  lived  at    Dix    Hills,   Huntington 
Township,  Long  Island.     He  had  six  children. ^     One  of 
these  Ebenezer,  (2)  born  1709,  married  Hannah  Miller  and 
had  eight  children  and  died  at  the  Ponds,  New  Jersey.^ 

His  third  son  Ebenezer,  (3")  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
married  Mary  Wick,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Mary  Cooper 
Wick  and  lived  and  died  near  Mendham,  New  Jersey. 
They  had  twelve  children,  seven  sons  and  five  daughters.* 

*  Conger's  Genealogies  in  Newark. 

"^  Elizabeth,  born  March  8th,  1708.  Ebenezer,  born  October  9th,  1709.  Anna, 
born  1711.  Joseph,  born  1712.  Benjamin,  born  August  6ih,  1718.  Daniel,  born 
August  6th,  1720. 

^  Milford  Township  near  Pompton.     His  children  were  : 

Frances,  b.  November  19th,  1731.  Married,  Woods,  Long  Island. 

Zophar,  b.  November  23d,  1733,  lived  at  Roadston. 
Ebenezer,  b.  February  13th,  1735-6,  Mendham. 
Miller,  b.  March  13th,  1738,  lived  at  Roadston. 
Sarah,  b.  November  23d,  1739,  Married  Daniel  Robbins,  Detroit. 
Cornelius,  b.  May  23d,  1741,  died  young. 

Mary,  b.  October  29th,  1742,  married  Joshua  Robbins,  Detroit. 
Marcy,  b.  March  31st,  1745,  married  (i;  Daniel  McKinna. 
■•  Children  of  Ebenezer  Blachly  and  Mary  Cooper  Wick.  Mary,  b.  March  9th, 
1759,  married  Dr.  Hezekiah  Stites  Woodruff.  Ebenezer,  b.  December  6th,  1760, 
married  Elizabeth  Spencer.  Henry  Wickham,  b.  April  12th,  1764.  Absalom,  b. 
February  7th,  1765.  William,  b.  October  3d,  1767,  died  1791.  Daniel,  b.  April 
8th,  1769.  Nathan,\i.  May  4th,  1771,  died  early.  Cornelius  Camden,  b.  Januaiy 
1st,  1773.  Hannah,  July  16th,  1774.  Judith,  July  13th,  1776.  Phebe,  b. 
December  i8th,  1777.      Temperance,  b.  July  12th,  1780. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  1 53 

Blachly. 

He  was  a  practitioner  of  medicine  and  died  at  the  age 
of  seventy,  on  April  19th,  1805.  ^^  ^^as  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  in  1766. 
On  a  certain  occasion  he  obtained  by  exhumation  the 
body  of  a  criminal  who  was  huntj  and  interred  at  Morris- 
town,  and  conveyed  it  on  horseback  to  Mendham,  about 
six  miles  off,  for  the  purpose  of  dissection.  Upon  meet- 
ing any  one  in  the  darkness  of  his  lonely  ride,  he  would 
talk  to  the  subject,  as  to  a  drunken  man,  telling  him  to 
sit  upright  and  behave  himself  like  a  man,  and  thus 
reached  home  with  it  in  safety.  Dr.  Hezekiah  Stites 
Woodruff  who  related  this  incident,  and  married  his  eldest 
daughter,  was  one  of  his  students,  as  also  were  Dr. 
William  Leddell  and  Dr.  John  C.  Budd,  the  former 
practised  in  Mendham  and  the  latter  in  Chatham. 

Of  his  seven  sons,  five  studied  medicine.  One,  William, 
died  before  he  had  completed  his  medical  studies,  from 
an  attack  of  haemoptysis,  which  occurred  after  a  long 
ride  with  his  father  in  the  face  of  a  cold  snow  storm,  to 
visit  a  patient  sick  with  pleurisy.  The  other  four  became 
esteemed  men  and  experienced  practitioners.  The  eldest 
son  was 

Ebenezer  Blachly, 

Born  in  1760.  He  entered  the  American  service,  under 
age,  as  surgeon's  mate  to  a  North  Carolina  regiment, 
name  unknown,  which  was  encamped  this  side  of  the  old 
Raritan  bridge,  in  the  winter  of  1778,  acting  also  as  a 
volunteer  assistant  surgeon  to  a  regiment  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania line.  He  was  visited  there  by  his  brother  Absalom. 
The  latter  left  a  memorandum  of  that  visit.  (Noticed 
hereafter.) 

Ebenezer  was  at  the  battle  of  White  Plains  in  October, 


154  HISTORY   OF   X.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Blachly. 

1776,  in  winter  quarters  at  Valley  Forge  in  1777,  and  in 
the  battle  of  Monmouth  in  1778.  After  the  war  he 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Colonel  Oliver  Spencer, 
of  Eliz'town,  and  settled  in  Paterson,  where  he  enjoyed 
an  extensive  and  successful  practice.  By  his  marriage 
union  he  had  nine  children,^  two  of  whom  studied  medi- 
cine. The  following  is  taken  from  a  local  paper  of  the 
time  of  his  death,  August  20,  1812: 

"  Died  at  Pennington,  on  tlie  20th  inst..  Doctor  El^enezer  Blachly, 
of  the  town  of  Paterson,  in  this  State.  For  some  weeks  he  had  been 
abroad  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  but  growing  worse  he  was  unal^le 
to  return  to  his  family.  He  was  buried  in  Pennington,  with  the  most 
friendly  and  becoming  attentions  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  place.  He 
was  a  man  of  rare  activity  and  promptitude  of  mind.  His  enterprise 
and  perseverance  were  remarkable.  He  died  in  the  meridian  of  his 
life  and  usefulness.  His  family  have  sustained  a  heavy  loss.  His 
neighbors  will  feel  the  want  of  his  friendship  and  medical  assistance. 
His  connections  will  long  deplore  of  the  sincerity,  zeal  and  ability 
with  which  he  performed  the  relative  duties  of  life ;  and  the  friends 
of  the  Revolution  have  lost  one  more  of  the  early  asserters  and 
defenders  of  the  rights  and  liberties  of  our  country." 

Another  obituar}'  reads  as  follows: 

*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  "  He  has  closed  the  morning  of  a  sad  and 
stormy  life,  replete  with  cares  and  exertions  of  mind  and  body.  His 
complaint,  which  was  of  a  most  painful  and  afflictive  kind,  tortured 
his  bowels  day  and  night  with  excrutiating  agonies  for  nearly  a  year 
or  more.  It  is,  however,  a  consolation  that  his  mind  and  faith  were 
not  wrecked  in  his  deeply  moments.     On  the  day  preceding 

the  morning  of  his  exit,  he  dictated  a  solemn  charge  to  his  dear 
friends,  and,  at  the  closing  scene,  bestowed  with  great  composure  of 
mind  a  benediction  on  each  of  his  relatives  present.     He  retained  his 


1  Nancy,  b.  July  7,  1783.  Ebenezer  Spencer,  b.  Aug.  19,  1784.  Henry  W'uk- 
ham,  b.  Apr.  17,  1786.  Mary  Jerusha,  b.  Mays,  1789-  Juliana,  b.  Aug.  Ii, 
1791.  Bayard  Patterson,  b.  May  8,  1793.  Eliza,  b.  Apr.  19,  1795.  Joseph 
Warren,  b.  Aug.  7,  1797.     Oliver B.,  b.  Sept.  3,  1799- 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  1 55 

Blachly. 

senses  to  the  last,  and  wished  for  the  moment  to  arrive  when  the 
Divine  will,  to  which  he  desired  patiently  to  submit,  would  launch  his 
soul  into  eternity,  there  to  reniain  from  trouble."' 


Henry  Wicktiam, 
Second  son  of  Ebenezer  (3),  settled  at  Pennington,  then 
Hunterdon  County.  Was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Medical  Society  in  1784.  He  lived  to  a  great  age  and 
was  highly  esteemed  for  his  ability  as  a  physician  and  for 
his  genial  and  affable  manners.  In  his  earlier  manhood, 
being  one  of  a  social  party  he  was  bantered  to  w-ed  one 
of  the  maidens  present,  who  possibly  was  his  partner  in 
the  dance,  and  being  a  gallant  young  man  and  his  partner 
consenting  to  the  proposal,  a  minister  was  called.  Their 
intentions  were  made  known  to  him  and  the  ceremony 
was  commenced  and  complied  with  on  his  part,  but  the 
lady  then  withdrew  her  word  and  he  continued  during 
the  rest  of  his  long  life  a  half-married  bachelor.  Tradi- 
tion says  that  the  lady,  in  process  of  time,  married 
another,  but  did  not  do  as  well  as  if  she  had  continued 
faithful  to  her  engagement  with  the  Doctor.  His 
monumental  inscription  in  the  Presbyterian  graveyard  at 
Pennington,  reads: 

HENRY  WICKHAM   BLACHLY,  M.   D. 

BOUN  Al'KIL  12,   1763. 

Died  Dec.  22,  1843. 


Absalom  Blachly 
The  next  son  of  Ebenezer  (3)  first  studied   Law  and  was 
admitted   to   practice,   but  becoming   dissatisfied,  turned 
his  attention   to  the  study  of  medicine  and  entered  upon 

'  To  liis  son,  Bayard  P.  Blaclily,  Esq.,  of  Monistown,  who  died  December,  51I1, 
1878,  the  author  of  these  annals  is  indebted  for  materials  for  his  Blachly  record. 


156  HIS'l'ORY    OF    N.    J.    MKDICINE. 

Blachly. 

its  practice,  settling  in  the  same  town  with  his  brother 
Henry  W.,  where  he  continued  during  his  prolonged  life. 
After  entering  upon  the  duties  of  his  profession,  he 
was  very  methodical  in  his  reading,  epitomizing  in  a  very 
plain  and  beautiful  round  hand  much  of  what  he  read, 
that  he  regarded  as  important  and  valuable.  His  con- 
densed notes  were  written  on  good  paper,  were  folded  in 
book  form,  stitched  neatly  together  and  covered  with 
coarse  paper  and  kept  at  hand  for  reference.  He  was 
not  only  well  read.  He  had  the  faculty  of  communi- 
cating in  conversation  much  useful  knowledge  in  a  few 
words,  fully  to  the  purpose  and  in  a  modest  manner. 
The  letters  which  he  has  left,  one  written  at  the  age  of 
eighty-nine,  indicate  the  fine  and  generous  impulses  of 
his  nature,  his  devout  character  and  his  lively  interest  in 
the  welfare  of  those  to  whom  they  were  addressed.  He 
lived  and  died  in  Pennington  eleven  years  after  the  death 
of  his  brother.     His  monument  records 

ABSALOM   BLACHLY,   ^L    D. 

BORN  FEB.  7TH,  I765 
DIED  DEC.   3D,  1854. 

When  his  brother  Ebenezer  was  engaged  in  the  army 
service,  he  was  visited  by  Absalom  who  made  some 
memoranda  on  the  leaf  of  a  small  note  book.  The  writer 
has  the  leaf  before  him  and  gives  some  of  the  items  which 
are  quite  illustrati\'e. 

When  he  "visited  Major  Payette  (Piatt)  it  was  in  the  greatest  fall 
of  snow  on  record,  7th  of  January,  1776. 

In  the  winter  of  1777  Our  Army  retired  into  Winter  quarters  at 
Valley  Forge  and  E.  B.  with  them  suffered  great  hardships  there. 

N.  B.  The  British  was  in  Philadelphia." 

"Ebenezer  Blachly  entered  into  the  American  Service  under  age 
(early  in  life)  as  an  assistant  surgeon  to  a  Xorth  Carolina  Regiment — 
the  name  unknown  to  me. 


HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  1 57 

Blachly. 

Was  encamped  this  side  of  the  old  Raritan  Bridge  in  the  Winter  of 
1778  and  acting  as  a  volunteer  surgeon  to  a  Regiment  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania line — so  denominated  at  that  time. 

A.  B.  visited  him  there  by  a  permit  of  an  officer  of  that  line  in  that 
season.  They  were  (the  officers  and  men)  just  titted  up  with  huts. 
Our  bill  of  fare  cooked  by  his  waiter  was  potatoes  Bread  and  rusty 
pork — morning  noon  and  night." 


Cornelius  Camden    Blachly 

The  youngest  (medical)  son  of  Ebenezer  (3)  studied  and 
practised  his  profession  in  New  York,  in  company  with 
his  nephew  Ebenezer  Spencer  B.  (infra).  Cornelius  was 
much  of  a  book  worm.  He  loved  the  society  of  the  cul- 
tivated and  learned.  He  did  not  confine  himself  with 
much  attention  to  the  practice  of  his  calling.  He  died  in 
New  York. 

Of   Ebenezer's  (4)   sons  two   became   physicians,  viz.  : 
Ebenezer  Spencer  and  Henry  Wickham. 


Ebenezer  S.  Blachly 

Studied  with  his  father  in  Patcrson,  attended  medical 
lectures  in  New  York  and  settled  there  on  Greenwich, 
near  Spring  street.  He  was  much  respected  and  highly 
esteemed.  He  kept  himself  well  posted  in  the  new  dis- 
coveries and  literature  of  his  profession.  Was  diligently 
attentive  to  the  sick  of  all  classes ;  courteous  in  his  man 
ners,  and  very  successful  as  a  practitioner.  He  was 
attacked  with  haemoptysis  after  the  fatigues  of  a  trying 
obstetrical  case,  soon  became  consumptive  and  left  this 
world  "  in  deep  humility  of  heart  and  blessedness  of 
spirit." 

12 


158  HISTORY   OF   N.   J-    MEDICINE. 

Blachly. 

Henry  W.  Blachly, 

Brother  of  the  above,  named  after  his  uncle  at  Penning- 
ton, studied  in  New  York  and  subsequently  settled  in 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  married 
Hannah  Loveridge.  He  was  devoted  to  his  calling  and 
successful  in  practice.  He  had  a  large  family,  and  many 
medical  students.  Two  of  his  daughters  married  physi- 
cians, who  had  been  students  in  his  office.  He  practised 
medicine  about  forty  years,  ever  holding  a  high  position 
and  doing  the  important  surgery  of  a  large  section  of 
country. 

He  had  foiir  sons  \\\\o  h&Qiwi\Q practising pliysicians,  viz. : 

Ebcncscr  S.,  the  eldest  who  received  his  medical  degree 
at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  lived  and 
practised  in  Waynesburg,  Green  County,  Pennsylvania, 
for  about  twenty-eight  years.  Died  July  nth,  1854.  He 
left  one  son  Bayard  M.  now  living  and  practising  medi- 
cine in  the  same  town.  He  graduated  at  the  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  Medical  School. 

Steplien  Z.,  the  next  oldest  (professional)  son  of  Henry 
W.  is  now  living  and  practising  at  Sparta,  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  same  field  where  his  father 
so  long  wore  the  wreath  of  medical  honor.  He  graduated 
at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia.  He  has  a 
son  recently  graduated  at  the  same  school. 

Joseph  W.,  the  next  son  received  his  medical  degree  at 
the  Cleveland  Medical  School,  practised  prosperously  in 
his  native  county  for  some  years,  and  died  April  6th,  1864, 
aged  forty. 

Henry  IV.,  the  last  of  the  four  sons  in  the  profession 
and  bearing  the  name  of  his  honored  father,  graduated  at 
Cleveland  and  is  now  practising  in  Vanwert  County,  Ohio. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  1 59 

Blachly.  Blackwood. 

We  conclude  our  record  of  this  family  so  remarkable 
for  its  medical  proclivities  and  so  honoring  the  profession 
by  their  history,  by  an  incident  related  by  Dr.  Stephen 
L.  Blachly,  of  Pennsylvania.  He  says  :  "  An  old  friend 
and  neighbor  of  mine  informed  me  that  my  great-grand- 
father and  my  grandfather  bled  him  when  he  was  about 
sixteen,  while  they  were  in  New  Jersey.  When  a  young 
man,  he  removed  to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  near  my 
brother,  and  he  bled  him  ;  later  in  life  I  bled  him  ;  and  in 
advanced  life,  being  of  plethoric  habit,  my  son  also  bled 
him  ;  making  five  successive  generations  in  the  family 
who  bled  the  same  subject,  with  marked  relief,  and  he 
lived  to  be  eighty-five  years  old." 


John  Blackwood, 

Son  of  Joseph  and  Rebecca  Blackwood,  was  born  July 
28,  1772,  at  Blackwoodtown,  Gloucester  County.  He 
married  about  1799,  Ann,  the  widow  of  Dr.  Evan 
Clement,  of  Haddonfield,  and  a  daughter  of  James  and 
Elizabeth  Wills.  By  this  union  there  were  two  children, 
Elizabeth,  (born   1800,  who  married  (i)  George   W.   Burr 

and  (2) Shinn  both  of  Mt.  Holly)  and  Evan  Clement, 

born  in  1803,  named  for  his  mother's  first  husband. 

Dr.  Blackwood  was  brought  up  a  Presbyterian,  but  did 
not  attend  any  church  services  whatever.  His  wife  was 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  at  the  time  of  her 
marriage,  and  was  disowned  by  them  for  marrying  "  out- 
side of  the  Society."  She  always  maintained  her  strict 
Quaker  habits  and  attended  "  Friends'  Meeting,"  when 
she  attended  any.  She  survived  her  husband  twelve 
years.     The  Doctor  died  in  l\It.  Holly,  March  i6th,  1840, 


l6o  HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Blackwood.  Boggs. 

and  was  buried  in  the  I'Vicnds'  burying-ground  immedi- 
ately adjoining  his  residence.  His  grave  is  unmarked  and 
unknown,  as  at  the  time  he  died,  the  rules  of  the  sect 
forbade  a  monumental  stone. 

Dr.  Blackwood  commenced  practice  in  Haddonfield. 
In  1796  he  removed  to  Mt.  Holly,  where  he  spent  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  He  was  a  man  of  marked  force  of 
character,  intelligent  and  shrewd — of  frugal  and  even 
miserly  tastes  and  habits.  When  he  began  life  for  him- 
self, his  father  gave  him  a  horse  and  sulky  and  with 
them  bade  him  seek  his  own  fortune.  He  achieved  success 
so  far  as  to  leave  at  his  death  thirty  thousand  dollars,  quite 
a  fortune  in  that  day. 

In  addition  to  the  calls  of  his  profession,  he  assumed 
the  duties  of  postmaster  at  Mt.  Holly,  and  was  also  a 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and  Orphan's  Court 
of  Burlington  County. 


James  Boggs 

Was  the  son  of  Ezekiel  Boggs,  who  came  from  Ireland, 
and  settled  in  Delaware.  He  had  but  one  son,  James, 
born  January  22,  1740,  and  one  daughter,  Rebecca,  who 
married  a  Mr.  Rish,  of  Philadelphia.  James  came  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  studied  medicine  and  afterwards 
settled  in  Shrewsbury,  N.  J.  He  married  Mary,  daughter 
of  Robert  Hunter  Morris.  The  Doctor  resided  at 
Shrewsbury  until  the  commencement  of  the  Revolutionary 
struggle,  when  he  joined  the  British  army  as  surgeon  and 
continued  in  it  till  the  close,  when  he  went  to  Halifax, 
N,  S.,  were  he  resided  till  his  death  at  an  advanced  age. 
He  left  his  three  eldest  children   in  the  United  States, 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  l6l 

BoGGS.  Bond.  Bonney. 

under  the  care  of  his  brother-in-law,  Judge  Morris.  The 
eldest,  Robert,  studied  and  practised  law  with  his  uncle 
in  New  Brunswick.  The  second  went  into  business  in 
New  York,  and  is  one  of  the  "  Old  Merchants  of  New 
York,"  mentioned  by  Dr.  Francis.  The  third  died  young 
in  Wilmington,  Delaware.  Dr.  Boggs  left  a  large  family, 
many  of  his  descendants  having  settled  in  Halifax,  Prince 
Edward  and  Canada.  He  was  highly  esteemed  as  a 
physician,  and  manifested  an  interest  in  the  promotion  of 
the  science  of  medicine.  He  united  himself  to  the 
Medical  Society  the  year  after  its  organization,  and  was 
an  influential  member  till  the  breaking  out  of  the  war. 
He  was  possessed  of  pleasant  and  gentlemanly  manners. 
In  his  old  age  he  took  delight  in  the  relation  of  incidents 
and  adventures  which  occurred  in  his  personal  history, 
more  particularly  when  the  British  were  in  possession  of 
New  York,  and  his  family  living  at  the  time  near  Perth 
Amboy,  whom  he  could  visit  only  by  stealth. 

He  was  the  grandfather  of  Rev.  Dr.  E.  D.  Boggs,  of 
Rear  Admiral  C.  S.  Boggs,  U.  S.  N.,  deceased,  and  of 
Mrs.  J.  S.  Blauvelt,  of  New  Brunswick,  to  whom  the 
writer  is  indebted  for  the  materials  of  this  memoir. 


Levi  Bond 
Resided  in  Greenwich,  prior  to  1766;  removed  to  Indiana 
in  1836,  and  died  in  that  State  at  the  age  of  93.  He  was 
held  in  high  esteem  for  his  courteous  manners  and  integ- 
rity of  character.  (See  notice  in  History  of  the  Medical 
Men  of  Cumberland  County.) 


Joseph  Bonney 
Was  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1793.      He  studied  medi- 


l62  HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

BONNEY.  BOWEN. 

cine  and  practised  in  Bound  Brook  and  Middlebrook. 
From  thence  he  went  to  Short  Hills,  Essex  County, 
where  his  father  resided.  He  married  Polly  Davison,  of 
Baskingridge,  who  died  May  3,  1806,  in  her  29th  year. 
He  died  at  Metuchen,  and  was  buried  in  Rahway,  where 
tradition  says  he  practised  medicine.  The  monument 
erected  over  his  remains  has  the  record  : 

"  In  Memory  of  Dr.  JOSEPH  BON'NEY 
WHO  died  Nov.  27,  1807 

IN  the  38TH   YEAR  OF  HIS  AGE. 

Our  days  alas  our  mortal  days 
Are  short  and  wretched  too 
Evil  and  few  the  Patriarch  says 
And  well  the  Patriarch  knew." 

Three  children  of  these  parents  lie  beside  them,  who 
died  between  November,  1804,  and  December,  1805 — all 
under  six  years  of  age.  He  left  other  issue,  as  this  meagre 
record  is  obtained  from  his  grandson,  now  resident  in 
Rahway. 


Elijah  Bowen 

Was  traditionally  the  earliest  practitioner  of  physic  in 
Cumberland  County.  He  migrated  from  Rhode  Island 
to  Salem  County.  It  is  supposed  that  he  commenced 
practice  about  1730.  He  died  in  1773,  "  very  old."  See 
His.  of  Med.  Men  of  Cumberland  County,  as  also  for 
record  of  his  son,  Elijah  Boiuen,  Jr.,  born  17 14.  Settled 
at  Roadstown,  died  December  20,  1765.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Shiloh,  1734.^ 


'  Barber  &  Howe,  p.  147. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J,    MEDICINE.  1 63 

BOWNE. 

John  Bowne 

Was  born  September  2d,  1767,  upon  a  farm  which  was  in 
June  28,  1778,  the  battle-field  of  Monmouth.  As  was 
common  at  that  period,  the  Tories,  emboldened  by  the 
near  approach  of  the  British,  threatened  the  lives  and 
property  of  the  adherents  of  the  patriot  cause.  The 
Doctor's  father  was  a  zealous  Whig  and  activ^ely  engaged 
in  the  militia  of  the  county.  He  had  just  returned  home 
suffering  from  intermittent  fever.  The  family  were  so 
harrassed  by  the  loyalists  that  it  became  necessary  to 
leave  their  home  two  days  before  the  battle,  and  take 
refuge  in  a  woods  at  some  distance.  The  house  was  in 
the  meantime  visited  by  a  faithful  slave,  who  conveyed 
to  the  family  such  comforts  and  necessaries  as  he  could 
collect.  They  returned  to  their  desolated  home  two  days 
after  the  battle.  The  scenes  which  they  then  witnessed 
made  such  an  impression  on  the  mind  of  young  Bowne, 
that  he  was  able  eighty  years  afterward  to  describe  them 
with  a  vividness  and  clearness  surpassing  any  written 
history.  When  his  memory  failed  as  to  any  recent  events, 
he  still  remembered  and  recounted  the  events  of  the 
battle  of  Monmouth. 

Having  taken  a  full  course  of  stud}'  in  the  Freehold 
Academy,  he  studied  medicine  (i)  with  Dr.  Moses  Scott, 
of  New  Brunswick,  and  (2)  with  Dr.  William  Shippen,  of 
Philadelphia.  He  was  licensed  to  practice  in  1791.  He 
commenced  practice  in  the  same  }'ear  in  Prallsville, 
Hunterdon  County,  whence  he  migrated  in  1795  to 
Ringoes,  where  he  was  engaged  in  active  practice  for  more 
than  sixty  years.  In  addition  to  his  practice  he  superin- 
tended and  conducted  the  affairs  of  his  farm  with 
practical  success. 


164  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

BowNE.  Brognard. 

He  was  intelligently  conservative  in  the  adoption  of 
new  modes  of  practice.  He  advocated  inoculation  by 
small  pox,  and  was  very  successful  in  its  management. 
His  biographer  says  that  he  had  as  many  as  three 
hundred  patients  with  the  inoculated  disease  at  one  time. 
It  was  his  custom  to  select  a  house  in  each  neighborhood 
to  which  the  children,  after  a  preparatory  course  at  home, 
were  sent,  to  remain  during  the  course  of  the  disease. 
When  vaccination  was  discovered,  he  adopted  it  after 
putting  his  vaccinated  patients  to  the  severest  tests  and 
clearly  proving  its  protective  power. 

He  was  a  man  of  cheer,  fond  of  anecdote,  quick  in 
reply,  and  possessed  of  a  temperament  which  rendered 
labor  light.  Business  and  duty  were  not  hardships  to 
him.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at 
Mt.  Airy,  and  for  more  than  fifty  years  one  of  its  ruling 
elders.  In  the  eventful  times  in  which  he  lived,  he  was 
warmly  attached  to  the  institutions  and  liberties  of  his 
country,  and  was  ready  on  all  suitable  occasions  to  give 
expression  to  his  opinions,  and  to  sustain  these  with 
argument  spiced  with  the  wit  and  humor  for  which  he 
was  noted.  He  never  descended  to  the  vulgar,  nor  in 
any  way  brought  reproach  upon  the  Christian  name 
which  he  so  uniformly  illustrated,  and  to  which  so  early 
in   life  he  connected   himself. 

He  accumulated  much  wealth,  and  died  on  November 
4,  1857,  on  the  farm  on  which  he  had  lived  for  nearly 
sixty-two  years.  ^ 

John  Brognard. 
John  Baptiste  Carone  Brognard  was  born  about  1761, 


1  Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter,  Biographical  Sketch  by  Jno.  Blane,  M.  D., 
Nov.  1859. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  1 65 

Brognard. 

in  Salino,  Province  of  Franche  Comt6 ;  Jurisdiction  01 
Besan(;on,  in  France.  He  was  educated  for  the  profes- 
sion of  medicine  in  Paris.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years, 
and  a  Httle  before  he  graduated  in  medicine,  he  entered 
the  French  mihtary  service  as  a  volunteer,  and  was  com- 
missioned as  a  sergeant  in  a  corps  of  grenadiers.  He 
came  to  America  with  his  corps  during  the  Revolution. 
Medical  men  being  in  demand,  he  was  detailed  to  sur- 
geon's duty  in  the  medical  staff,  in  the  Legion  of  the 
Duke  de  Lauzun^  and  continued  in  the  service  to  the 
close  of  the  war. 

Having  nearly  served  his  time  in  the  corps  to  which  he 
was  attached  and  being  determined  to  settle  in  America, 
he  sought  a  release  from  further  service.  That  he  might 
not  be  obliged  to  return  to  France  with  his  comrades  in 
arms,  his  mother  sent  him  money  to  purchase  his  dis- 
charge.    The  following  is  a  copy : 

"  MILITARY    DISCHARGE." 

"  We  the  undersigned  certify  to  all  whom  it  may  concern  that  we 
have  given  a  full  discharge  to  the  within  named  John  Baptiste  Brog- 
nard to  go  wheresoever  he  sees  fit.  Said  Brognard  is  Sergeant  in  the 
Grenadier  Company  in  the  Corps  of  Foreign  \'olunteers  of  Lauzun,  a 
native  of  Salino  in  the  Province  of  Franche  Comte  in  the  Jurisdiction 
of  Besangon,  aged  twenty-two  years,  five  feet,  se\en  inches  in  height, 
oval  face,  aquiline  nose,  black  eyes,  chestnut  hair  and  eye  brows,  a 
scar  under  his  right  eye  and  slightly  marked  with  Small  Pox. 

Done  at  Wilmington  the  first  day  of  the  Month  of  May,  1783. 

Trentman. 


'  This  legion  upon  its  arrival  at  Newport,  July  loth,  1780,  Irving  says,  was  es- 
pecially admired,  having  gained  reputation  in  the  preceding  year  by  the  capture 
of  Senegal.  The  American  struggle  had  inspired  in  many  of  the  young  French 
nobility  a  feeling  of  adventure  and  romance,  and  they  sought  this  new  field  for  the 
exercise  of  the  traditional  heroic  and  chivalrous  courage  of  their  fathers. 


l66  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Brognard. 

The  said  Brognard  has  served  very  faithfully  in  the  Corps  since  the 
13th  Nov.  1778,  until  this  time  and  has  obtained  his  discharge  by  the 
payment  of  Three  Hundred  Pounds  which  he  has  paid  into  the  treas- 
ury of  the  Corps." 

Being  now  released  from  military  obligations  he  gave 
himself  to  the  pursuit  of  his  profession  in  civil  life.  He 
first  settled  in  Burlington,  his  mother  in  P""rance  supply- 
ing him  with  funds  necessary  for  his  support,  until  he  was 
established  in  practice. 

He  married  Sarah  Smith  of  Burlington,  to  whom  he 
had  become  attached,  while  in  the  military  service,  his 
betrothal  to  whom  was  the  leading  motive  for  his  settle- 
ment in  this  country.  He  soon  became  distinguished  as 
a  physician  and  surgeon  and  acquired  a  large  and  profit- 
able practice,  possessing  in  an  eminent  degree  the  confi- 
dence of  the  people.  He  did  not  long  remain  in  Burling- 
ton, but  removed  to  Black  Horse,  (now  Columbus)  where 
he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  died  on  the  17th 
of  April,  1823,  aged  about  sixty-two. 

His  remains,  with  those  of  his  son  Frank,  were  buried 
in  the  Friends'  burying  place  at  Mansfield.  No  monu- 
ment. 


Fr.w'cis  Brognard, 

Son  of  the  above  was  an  intelligent  physician  and  the 
author  of  some  published  essays  upon  medical  subjects. 
He  practised  his  profession  in  the  same  town  with  his 
father,  but  did  not  succeed  in  acquiring  practice.  He 
became  insane  before  his  death  which  occurred  in  early 
manhood. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  167 

Brown. 

Rev.  Isaac  Brown 

Was  descended  from  John  Brown,  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  Newark.  He  received  his  education  at  Yale  College, 
graduating  in  1729.  He  prepared  himself  for  the  minis- 
try and  went  to  England  to  be  ordained  by  a  Bishop  of 
the  Church  of  England.  He  was  received  as  a  missionary 
of  the  Society  for  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  foreign 
parts  and  appointed  in  1733  to  the  mission  at  Brook- 
haven,  Long  Island  (church  at  Setauket).  After  eleven 
years  of  service  there,  he  was  transferred  to  Trinity 
Church,  Newark,  New  Jersey,  to  which  he  ministered 
from  its  foundation.  He  continued  to  labor  there  till  the 
troubles  of  the  revolutionary  times  compelled  him  to 
leave  his  mission.  He  appears  to  have  been  an  earnest 
Loyalist,  as  in  1777  he  was  forced  to  seek  refuge  in  New 
York,  leaving  his  wife,  servants  and  children  and  all  the 
property  of  which  he  was  possessed  in  the  hands  "  of  the 
enemy."  In  the  last  letter  which  he  wrote  to  the  Society, 
October  4th,  1782,  he  describes  "the  Loyalists  as  daily 
suffering  for  the  truth's  sake — driven  from  their  homes, 
their  property  seized,  plundered  and  sold,  and  themselves 
reduced  to  the  most  extreme  poverty." 

Mr.  Brown  added  to  his  parochial  duties,  the  responsi- 
bilities of  a  medical  practitioner  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Medical  Society  at  its  second  meeting,  November, 
1766.  After  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  McKean  of  St. 
Peter's  Church,  Amboy,  Mr.  Brown  informed  its  vestry 
that  he  had  permission  of  the  Society  to  remove  to 
Amboy,  and  wished  to  know  if  it  would  be  agreeable  to 
them  for  him  to  do  so.  They  declined  to  receive  him. 
In  letters  subsequently  written  to  the  Secretary  for  the 
purpose  of  exculpating  themselves  from  the  charge  of  un- 


l68  HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Brown. 

kindness  to  Mr.  Brown,  they  state  that  the  peace  and 
harmony  of  the  church  made  it  necessary  to  refuse  him. 
That  his  practising  as  a  physician  had  been  a  fruitful 
source  of  contention  with  his  parishioners  in  Newark, 
through  the  bills  rendered  by  him  in  that  capacity,  and 
as  they  had  experienced  some  bad  effects  from  Mr. 
McKean's  practising,  they  thought  it  advisable  to  avoid 
the  possibility  of  dissensions  by  procuring  some  other 
clergyman. 

Mr.  Brown  remained  in  New  York  till  1784,  when  he 
went  to  Annapolis,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  remained  till 
his  death  in  1787.^ 


Rev.  Samuel  Brown, 
A  son  of  the  preceding,  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Medical  Society  at  the  same  time  with  his  father.  His 
first  name  is  not  recorded.  We  find  no  record  of  his  set- 
tlement as  a  minister,  but  occasional  notices  of  his  hold- 
ing-religious services  after  the  order  of  the  Church  of 
England,  in  Second  River  and  other  places.  It  is  not 
probable  that  he  did  as  much  as  his  father  in  the  practice 
of  medicine.  He  was  compelled  with  his  father  to  take 
refuge  in  New  York  during  the  war,  and  went  with  him 
to  Nova  Scotia. 


Joseph  Brown. 
An  autobiography  of  Franklin,  1723,2  narrates  how  he 
quit  the   service  of  his  brother,  in  Boston,  when  seven- 
teen  years  of    age,   and   his    journey   from   that   city   in 

•  Prime's  His.  of  Long  Island.     Hawkin's  Missions  of  the  Chii.  of  England. 
W.  A.  Whitehead  contributions  to  E.  Jersey  History. 

*  Spark's  life  of  Franklin,  Vol.  I.,  pp.  31-2. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  1 69 

Brown. 

October,  secretly  by  sloop  to  New  York,  where  he  arrived 
in  three  days,  as  he  says,  "without  knowledge  of  anybody, 
and  very  little  money  in  my  pocket."  Finding  no  em- 
ployment there,  he  resolved  to  visit  Philadelphia. 

After  a  stormy  and  somewhat  eventful  voyage  to  Am- 
boy,  he  travelled  thence  on  foot  to  Burlington,  expecting 
to  take  passage  in  a  boat  down  the  Delaware.  At  Bor- 
dentown  he  was  entertained  for  the  night  at  an  inn  kept 
by  Dr.  Brown,  whom  he  thus  describes  :  *'  I  got  to  an 
inn  in  the  evening  within  eight  or  ten  miles  of  Burlington, 
kept  by  one  Doctor  Brown.  He  entered  into  conversation 
with  me  while  I  took  some  refreshment,  and  finding  I  had 
read  a  little,  became  very  obliging  and  friendly.  Our 
acquaintance  continued  all  the  rest  of  his  life.  He  had 
been,  I  imagine,  an  ambulatory  quack  Doctor,  for  there 
was  no  town  in  England,  nor  any  country  in  Europe  of 
which  he  could  not  give  a  very  particular  account.  He 
had  some  letters  and  was  ingenious,  but  he  was  an  infidel, 
and  wickedly  undertook  some  years  after,  to  turn  the 
Bible  into  doggerel  verse,  as  Cotton  had  formerly  Sone 
with  Virgil.  By  this  means  he  set  many  facts  in  a  ridicu- 
lous light,  and  might  have  done  mischief  with  weak  minds 
if  his  work  had  been  published  ;  but  it  never  was.  At 
his  house  I  lay  that  night,  and  arrived  the  next  morning 
at  Burlington  ;  but  had  the  mortification  to  find  that  the 
regular  boats  were  gone  a  little  before,  and  no  other 
expected  to  go  before  Tuesday  this  being  Saturday." 

It  is  reasonable  to  infer  that  the  Doctor's  name  was 
Joseph,  and  that  it  was  he  who  married  Rebecca,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Borden  the  founder  of  Bordentown.^ 

In  the  old  township  book  of  Chesterfield,  there  occur 


'  Woodward's  His.,  chap.  vii. 


170  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Brown.  Bryant. 

the  following  items  -.^  "  At  a  townsliip  meeting  in  1738,  '  4 
Shilings  to  Mr.  Brown  for  y'^  cure  of  a  poor  woman ; '  ;^i. 
Is.  8d.  to  Joseph  Brown  for  y*^  trouble  he  had  with  a 
man  who  dyed  at  his  house." 

It  would  seem  that  the  people  of  the  township  had 
confidence  in  his  skill,  notwithstanding  Franklin's  doubts 
as  to  his  regularity  as  a  medical  man. 


William  Bryant 
Was  a  son  of  William  Bryant  "  who  in  fifty-five  voyages 
in  the  merchant  service  between  the  ports  of  New  York 
and  London  approved  himself  a  faithful  and  fortunate 
commander,"  died  in  1772,  aged  eighty-eight,  and  was 
buried  in  Ambo}'.^  Capt.  Bryant  had  a  daughter  Mary, 
who  became  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  William  Peartree 
Smith,  of  New  York,  and  subsequently  of  New  Jersey. 
Dr.  Bryant  practised  his  profession  with  distinction  and 
success  in  Trenton.  He  was  an  old  man  during  the 
Re\^olutionary  war.  Being  desirous  of  withdrawing  from 
practice  or  its  more  onerous  duties  he  associated  himself 
with  Dr.  Nicholas  Belleville. -"^ 

The  Doctor's  will  was  probated  1783.  It  names  his 
wife,  to  whom  he  gave  a  handsome  portion,  including 
"  all  his  negro  slaves'  except  the  boy  William  and  the  girl 
Peggy,  upon  the  express  condition  that  none  of  them 
shall  be  sent  off  or  sold  in  the  West  Indies  contrary  to 
their  own  will  and  consent."  He  provided  also  for  his 
"  natural  son  William  Bryant."  The  will  also  names  his 
sister,  Rebecca  Deane,  and  her  two  children  ;  his  brother- 


>  Ibid. 

*  Whiteheads  Contributions. 

3  Hall's  Pres.  Chh.,  Trenton. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  171 

Bryant.  Budd. 

in- law,  William  P.  Smith,  of  Albany,  his  nephews. 
Belcher  P.  Smith,  and  William  P.  Smith,  and  nephew 
William  Deane.  He  bequeathed  legacies  to  all  the  per- 
sons named  and  to  others.  If  his  property  realized  the 
amount  of  his  bequests,  he  was  a  rich  man  for  his  times. 


BUDD. 


The  progenitor  of  the  family  of  Budd  in  New  Jersey 
was  Thomas  Budd,  Rector  of  Martosh  Parish,  Somerset- 
shire, England.  He  renounced  his  benefice  and  became 
a  minister  among  "Friends"  about  the  year  1657.  His 
son  Thomas,  who  owned  a  share  of  Proprietary  in  West 
Jersey,  came  to  Burlington  in  1668.  After  remaining  for 
a  few  years,  he  returned  to  London  for  his  fairiily,  with 
which  he  came  again  in  1678,  arriving  in  Burlington  in 
the  ship  Kent,  being  the  second  ship  from  London  for 
the  Western  parts.  ^  There  came  with  him  his  brothers 
William,  John  and  James  with  their  families,  amounting 
to  some  twenty-fiive  souls  in  all.  "  Being  men  of  sterling 
integrity  and  good  business  habits,  they  soon  engaged  in 
pursuits  of  industry  which  inured  to  them  good  profits. 
They  were  able  to  locate  lands  and  to  hold  a  sufficiency 
of  them  during  life  to  leave  their  children  large  tracts  for 
their  future  enjoyment  and  benefit."^  JoJin  Budd,  one  of 
the  brothers,  soon  after  his  arrival  in  Burlington,  removed 
to  Philadelphia  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  At 
his  death,  which  occurred  prior  to  1738,  he  left  sons, 
Samuel,  John  and  George.  He  was  the  progenitor  of  the 
Budds  in  Pennsylvania.     James  Budd  resided  in  Burling- 

»  Smith's  His.  of  X.  J. 

"  Earl's  address  to  the  Surveyors  Asso.,  West  Jersey,  1873. 


172  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

BUDD. 

ton,  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly  in  1688. 
He  was  drowned  in  the  Delaware  at  Burlington,  1692. 
He  had  issue,  at  least  one  son  William,  whose  descendants 
now  reside  on  the  Monongahela  river,  Pennsylvania,  in 
Ohio  and  Missouri.  They  first  removed  to  Budd's  Ferry 
on  the  Monongahela.  whence  the  descendants  migrated 
to  other  parts  of  the  Union.  Williaui  settled  in  the 
county  of  Burlington,  where  he  largely  located  lands. 
Though  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  West  Jersey  he 
was  less  conspicuous  in  its  early  history  than  his  brother 
Thomas,  as  he  did  not  take  an  active  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  the  Colony.  ^ 

Thomas,  the  eldest  of  the  four  primitive  brothers,  held 
many  important  trusts  in  the  Province  of  New  Jersey. 
When  the  first  form  of  Government  Avas  established  by 
the  Proprietors,  he  was  selected  with  others  to  assist  the 
governor  to  establish  a  code  of  laws  suitable  to  the  main- 
tenance of  good  order.  He  entered  into  mercantile  busi- 
ness in  Burlington  and  continued  there  till  1690,  when  he 


>  He  died  at  his  farm  four  miles  from  Mt.  Holly,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Mary's 
churchyard.  His  monumental  inscription  reads  "  Tliis  is  in  memory  of  William 
Budd  of  Northampton  Township  who  Dyed  March  ye  20th  Anno  Domini  1721-2 
aged  73  also  .^nn  his  wife  who  Dyed  Sep.  ye  301)1  Anno  Domini  1722  aged  67." 
He  renounced  Quakerism.  Dr.  Hill  in  his  history  quotes  from  Keith's  Journal : 
"  Wm.  Budd  and  all  his  children  is  come  over  from  Quakerism  to  the  church." 
He  was  a  warden  in  St.  Mary's  church  in  i7ioand  1711.  In  his  will  he  left  a  bene- 
faction, also  lands  for  the  construction  of  a  church. 

His  children  were  VVilliam,  married  Eliza,  daughter  of  Richard  V.  .Stockton  of 
Princeton,  a  relative  of  the  signer  who,  being  a  loyalist,  exiled  himself  to  New 
Brunswick,  where  he  died.  (Sabine).  Thomas  born  1686,  died  1742,  married 
Deborah  Langstnff.  David  married  Catherine  Allen.  fames,  Susanna,  Ann 
married  James  Bingham,  who  by  the  decease  of  an  elder  brother  became  Lord 
Ashburton,  and  Sarah. 

The  issue  of  William  and  Eliza  (Stockton)  Budd,  copied  froin  a  family  tree  by 
William  Bradford,  .\ttorney  General,  United  States,  was  ^fan^  Budd,  married 
Joseph  Shinn.  Susan  married  Jacob  Gaskill.  Thomas  inarried  Jemima  Leeds. 
William  inarried  Susanna  Cole.  Rebecca  married  Joseph  Lamb.  Abigail  married 
John  Theser.     Ann  married  J.  Lendell   Cole. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  I73 

BUDD. 

too  removed  to  Philadelphia  and  continued  his  business 
till  his  death  in  1690.  In  the  religious  controversy  of 
1691  he  renounced  Quakerism  and  associated  himself 
with  the  fortunes  of  George  Keith.  His  will  bears  date 
September  9th,  1697,  wherein  he  bequeathed  to  his  sons 
John  and  Thomas  and  to  daughters  Mary^  and  Rose, 
leaving  his  widow  and  eldest  son  John  as  executors. 

This  general  history  of  the  Budds,  derived  in  part  from 
an  address,  1873,  of  F.  W.  Earl,  before  the  West  Jersey 
Surveyors'  Association,  is  given  because  the  family  is  re- 
markable for  the  number  of  medical  men  it  has  produced 
and  that  the  genealogy  and  relations  of  those  whose  me- 
morials are  hereafter  given  may  be  more  intelligently 
traced. 

We  notice  first  those  who  were  members  of  the  Medi- 
cal Society,  viz.  :  Berne,  (Bernardus)  Thomas  and  Daniel. 


Berne  Budd 
Was  a  practitioner  of  medicine  and  surgery  in  Morris 
County.  He  was  born  in  1738,  the  son  of  John  Budd. 
The  latter  being  the  eldest  son  of  Thomas  (i)  removed 
into  Hunterdon  County  (now  Morris)  soon  after  his 
father's  death,  no  doubt  taking  offence  at  not  having  as 
the  eldest  son,  more  of  the  estate  of  his  father,^  the  ex- 
ecutorship of  whose  estate  he  renounced  soon  after  his 
death.  After  his  mother  Susannah,  according  to  the  will, 
sold  enough  property  to  pay  the  debts  and  legacies  of 
Thomas  Budd,  then  John  commenced  to  sell  the  residue 
while  he  lived  in   Hunterdon  County,  where  lands  to  a 


'  Mary  Budd  married  William  Allen  the  ancestor  of  Chief  Justice  Allen   of 
Pennsylvania,  not  Dr.  GosHng  as  some  records  have  it. 
'  F.  W.  Earl's  address. 


174  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

BUDD. 

large  amount  had  been  located.  While  residing  in  Morris 
County,  he  conveyed  by  deed  dated  1738,  one-sixth  of 
a  whole  propriety  to  his  three  cousins  as  follows :  to 
Thomas,  eldest  son  of  William,  (i)  Samuel  eldest  son  of 
John,  (i)  and  to  William  son  of  James  (i).  The  property 
was  contiguous  to  and  included  Budd's  Lake,  where 
descendants  of  those  named  still  reside.  His  will  is  dated 
September  6th,  1749,  probated  1754,  in  which  he  speaks  of 
"  being  very  old,"  He  left  children  ;  (Dr.)  John,  (Dr.) 
Thomas,  William,  (Dr.)  Berne,  Susan  and  Catharine. 
He  renounced  the  religion  of  the  Friends  while  with  his 
father  in  Philadelphia  and  became  a  member  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church  in  that  city,  Reverend  Jedidiah 
Andrews,  pastor.  He  was  doubtless  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  first  church  of  the  Presbyterian  order  in  Morris 
County,  (Hanover)  in  17 18,  as  he  represented  that  church 
in  the  Synod  of  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1 722-3-4-8-9-30. 
Dr.  Berne,  his  son,  married  Phebe  Wlieeler,  of  Morris 
County.  He  was  highly  esteemed  for  his  social  position 
and  for  his  reputed  skill  in  his  profession.  He  fell,  how- 
ever, "  into  a  most  criminal  deportment/'^  by  being  con- 
cerned in  the  crime  of  counterfeiting  the  bills  of  credit  of 
the  province  of  New  Jersey.  He  was  associated  with 
Samuel  Ford,  of  Morris  County,  who  was  supposed  to  be 
the  leader  of  the  gang.  The  Doctor  with  three  others  in 
Morris  County  and  one  in  Sussex,  were  convicted  and 
sentenced  to  be  hung.  The  four  Morris  County  convicts 
being  men  of  high  social  position,  with  influential  friends, 
were  reprieved  on  the  morning  appointed  for  their  execu- 
tion, and  were  subsequently  pardoned.  His  professional 
skill  was  held  in  such  high  repute  that  his  conviction  of 
crime  and  his  having  been  sentenced   to  death  in  conse- 


'  Records  of  Med.  Soc.  of  X.  J  . 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  I75 

BUDD. 

quence,  did  not  prevent  his  retaining  his  practice.  The 
records  of  Court,  1773,  show  that  he  was  embarrassed  in 
his  circumstances.  He  was  sued  for  debt  in  several  cases 
and  judgment  obtained  against  him.^  He  was  appointed 
a  surgeon  in  the  army,  State  troops,  Gen.  Wind's  brigade, 
Morris,  September  12th,  1777.^  He  died  of  putrid  fever 
three  months  thereafter  and  was  buried  on  the  Budd 
(Jolin  Budd)  farm,  two  miles  from  Morristown,  (now 
Columbia  Bridge).       No  stone  marks  his  grave. 

Dr.  Clark,  in  his  History  of  Medical  Men,  &c.,  says  that 
he  was  the  first  signer  of  the  constitution  of  the  Medical 
Society  at  its  formation,  1766.  A  reference  to  the  original 
book  of  records  makes  it  clear  that  the  first  signer  was 
Rev.  Robert  McKean,  who  was  the  first  President,  his 
name  being  on  the  right  of  the  document  and  followed 
by  others.  As  is  common  when  signers  are  numerous,  a 
second  column  of  signatures  was  begun  on  the  left,  Berne 
Budd  stands  at  its  head  and  is  the  tenth  signature  to  the 
document. 

He  left  children,  John  C,  David  and  Sarah.  One  of 
whom 

Jolin  C.  Budd  succeeded  his  father  as  a  practitioner  of 
medicine  in  Morris  County.  Born  1762;  died  1845.  ^^e 
was  followed  by  a  son 

Berne  Budd,  (2)  practising  for  a  time  in  Newark,  then 
removing  to  New  York  where  he  died  a  few  years  since. 
His  two  sons 

Charles  Budd  and 

Berne  Budd  (3)  practised  medicine  in  New  York.  Both 
recently  deceased. ^ 

>  Rev.  Jos.  F.  Tuttle  MSS.  Notes  of  Morris  County  History. 
*  Stryker's  Register. 

'  Quoud  Berne  (i).  Whitehead's  paper  before  His.  Soc.  of  N.  J.  Early  His.  of 
Morris  Co.,  by  Rev.  Jos.  F.  Tuttle.     Minutes  of  N.  J.  Medical  Society,  etaliis. 


176  HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

BUDD. 

Thomas  Budd, 
A  brother  of  Berne  (i),  was  a  physician  in  1766.  The 
writer  has  seen  a  charge  to  him  of  that  year,  on  the  books 
of  a  fashionable  tailor  in  Elizabethtown,  for  a  pair  of 
velvet  breeches ;  an  index,  we  may  assume  of  good 
social  position. 

In  May,  1767,  he  was  admitted  to  the  Medical  Society. 
His  credentials  state  that  he  had  served  a  regular  appren- 
ticeship in  Salem,  New  Jersey,  probably  with  his  elder 
brother  John,  noticed  hereafter,  and  had  also  attended 
Dr.  Shippen's  lectures  on  Anatomy,  in  Philadelphia.  In 
November  of  the  same  year  he  received  credentials  from 
the  Society,  as  about  to  visit  the  West  Indies.  From  the 
traditions  in  the  family  concerning  him  we  infer  that  he 
was  somewhat  of  an  adventurer  ;  being  "  fond  of  the  sea." 
In  1777  he  was  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  where  his 
brother  John  then  resided.  Early  in  that  year  the  United 
States  vessel  of  war,  Randolph,  put  into  that  harbor  for 
repairs,  and  in  the  early  part  of  1778  sailed  thence 
with  other  vessels  in  search  of  British  ships,  Nicholas  Bid- 
die  commander.  Dr.  Thomas  Budd  sailed  in  her  as  sur- 
geon. On  March  7th  of  that  year,  when  east  of  Barbadoes, 
she  fell  in  with  the  British  vessel  of  war,  Yarmouth,  and 
in  an  engagement  was  blown  up  and  all  on  board  per 
ished.^      It  is  not  known  that  Dr.  Budd  ever  married. 


Daniel  Budd 

Was   descended    from   the   primitive   W'illiam,  who  died  I 

1722.     His  third  son  David,  whose  will  was  dated   1760,  /* 

left  four  sons  and  one  daughter.      Daniel,  the  subject  of  1 


'  Ilis.  of  U.  S.  N'avy.     J.  Fennimore  Cooper,  etaliis. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  1 77 

BUDD. 

this  sketch,  was  the  fourth  son.  The  Doctor  and  his 
brother  were  left  with  considerable  means,  in  the  care  of 
an  uncle,  probably  William,  who  educated  them  in 
Princeton,  under  the  tutelage  of  the  College  teachers. 
They  did  not  take  the  honors  of  the  college.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  after  Daniel  had  studied  medicine  in  Philadel- 
phia, he  visited  Scotland  and  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Edinburgh.  He  commenced  practice  in  Mount  Holly 
and  also  lived  for  a  time  in  Pemberton.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  Medical  Society  in  1772.  He  removed  to 
Schoharie,  New  York,  prior  to  the  Revolution.  Here  he 
married  a  daughter  of  J.  J.  Lawyer,  a  wealthy  landholder. 
After  his  marriage,  he  removed  to  Schenectady,  where  he 
lived  till  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  when  he  promptly 
joined  the  Continental  army  as  surgeon.  He  was  at  the 
crossing  of  the  Delaware  and  at  Valley  Forge.  Was  for 
some  time  a  prisoner  in  the  Camp  of  the  British  and 
Indians.  He  served  till  the  close  of  the  war,  and  then 
returned  to  Schoharie,  to  practise  his  profession. 

The  Doctor  was  a  man  of  medium  size,  of  pleasing 
features,  agreeable  manners  and  exceedingly  popular  as  a 
physician.  Possessing  a  great  fund  of  anecdote,  his  soci- 
ety was  highly  prized  by  the  convivial.  He  was  thereby 
exposed  to  the  temptation  of  occasional  over-indulgence 
and  neglect  of  business.  He  was  a  poor  collector  and 
never  hardly  charged  the  poor  for  his  professional  services, 
He  owned  estates  both  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey 
living  occasionally  on  each.  He  and  his  father  and 
.L,^randfather  were  all  owners  of  slaves.  He  was  trained  in 
his  religious  sentiments  in  the  Episcopal  church. 

He  died  of  disease  of  the  liver,  at  Old  Schoharie,  New 
York.     His  remains  were  interred  in  the  Lutheran  church 


178  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

BUDD. 

cemetery   of  that    town.     His   wife   survived    him    nine 
years.     The  monumental  inscription  reads: 

In  Memory  of 

DOCT.  DANIEL  BUDD  who  died 

March  15  Anno  Domini  1815 

Aged  64  Years 

Tliis  languishing  head  is  at  rest 
Its  acliing  and  tliinking  is  o'er 
This  still  immovable  breast 
Is  heaved  with  affliction  no  more. 

Know  thou,  Oh  Stranger  to  the  fame 
Of  this  much  loved,  much  honored  name 
For  none  who  knew  him,  need  be  told 
A  Warmer  heart  death  ne'er  made  Cold. 

In  Memory  of  REBECCA  LAWYER  wife  of  doct. 

Daniel  Budd  who  departed  this  Life  January 

9TH  1824  aged  71  years. 

MSS.  Dictionary  of  Deceased  American  Physicians,  by  Jos.  M.  Toner,  M.  D. 
MSS.  Notes  of  F.  W.  Earl,  et  aliis. 


John  Budd 
Was  the  eldest  son  and  child  of  John  (2)  who  settled  in 
Morris  County.  He  was  settled  as  a  physician  in  Salem, 
New  Jersey,  as  early  as  1758.  In  the  Pennsylvania 
Gazette,  June  ist,  1758,  is  a  notice  of  lands  of  John  Budd, 
of  Morris  County,  "to  be  sold  by  Dr.  John  Budd,  of 
Salem."  In  the  same  paper  July  i8th,  1759,  notice  is 
given  that  the  Doctor  will  receive  subscriptions  to  the 
New  American  Magazine.'^  He  was  married  in  1758,  to 
Rosanna,  daughter  of  Samuel  Shivers,  of  Gloucester 
County.  In  1771,  being  then  a  resident  of  Salem,  he 
prayed  the  Assembly  for  a  release  from  his  debts,  and  an 
act  was  passed  granting  his  petition. ^  Subsequent  to 
this  date  he  migrated  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and 


I  MSS.  Notes  of  J.  M.  Toner,  M.  D. 
*  Acts  of  Provincial  Assembly. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  179 

BUDD. 

practised  medicine  there  till  his  death,  1791.  During  the 
war  he  was  appointed  surgeon  of  a  Regt.  of  Artillery,  raised 
in  South  Carolina.  He  was  taken  prisoner  and  confined 
in  the  prison  ship  at  Amelia  Island. 

It  may  be  inferred  that  he  was  a  man  of  reputation  as 
he  became  a  partner  in  Charleston  of  Dr.  Ramsay  the 
distinguished  physician  and  historian  of  South  Carolina. 
That  he  was  a  man  of  self-reliance  and  originality  of 
thought,  appears  from  the  fact  that  he  performed  the 
operation  of  transfusion  upon  a  patient  with  success.  He 
is  remembered  by  a  grand-nephew,  now  very  aged,  as  a 
very  fine  gentleman  whose  long  cue  was  an  object  of  in- 
terest to  him.  His  children  were  John  Shivers  Budd,  died 
November  28th,  1799,  who  left  sons,  John,  William  and 
Thomas  Shivers  Budd  ;  the  latter  only  surviving,  now  a 
resident  of  Charleston,  from  whom  this  part  of  his 
record  is  derived.  He  had  daughters  Hester  and  Sarah 
who  died  about  1801. 


Stacy  Budd 
Was  descended  from  William  (i)  through  his  second  son 
Thomas,  who  married  Deborah  Langstaff.  A  son 
Thomas  was  the  issue  of  this  union,  born  17 10,  died 
175 1  ;  married  Rebecca  Atkinson;  had  issue,  Stacy, 
Joseph,  Elizabeth,  Rachael,  born  1750,  who  married  Isaac 
Collins,  the  Printer. 

Dr.  Stacy  Budd  was  born  in  1740.  He  studied  medi- 
cine under  Dr.  Alexander  Ross,  in  Burlincrton,  finishing- 
his  medical  studies  in  Philadelphia,  under  the  in- 
struction of  his  stepfather  Dr.  Thomas  Say.  He  let 
his  house  and  land  in  Mount  Holly  which  he  inherited 


I  So  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

BUDD. 

from  his  father,  to  John  Munro  and  boarded  in  the  fam- 
ily, following  the  practise  of  his  profession.  During  this 
time  in  1762,  he  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  J.  Munro, 
probably  the  most  extensive  owner  of  lands  in  West 
Jersey.  The  Doctor,  for  this  marriage,  was  disowned  by 
the  Society  of  Friends.  After  the  birth  of  her  second 
child,  she  joined  the  Society  and  he  was  reinstated.  He 
removed  from  Mount  Holly  to  Moorestown,  but  after  a 
residence  of  a  year  returned  to  his  former  home  and 
remained  on  his  patrimonial  estate  to  the  close  of  his 
days.i 

He  was  much  esteemed  in  his  profession,  particularly 
by  the  poor,  who  always  found  in  him  a  friend  without 
respect  of  reward.  His  practice  Avas  so  extensive,  espe- 
cially towards  the  sea  coast,  that  he  was  sent  for  upwards 
of  forty  miles  to  render  medical  service.  Though  his 
health  had  been  declining  for  several  years  previous,  his 
active  life  closed  February  13th,  1804,  after  a  short  ill- 
ness. His  remains  were  interred  in  the  Friends'  burial 
place.  Mount  Holly. 

His  children  were  Margaret,  married  John  Bispham, 
whose  daughter  Eliza  married  John  Neale,  Attorney  at 
law.  Mahlon,  Sheriff  of  Burlington  County,  married 
Mary  Shaw  Sturling.  Stacy  died  unmarried.  Benjamin 
Say.  Elizabeth,  married  Joseph  Hatkinson.  Rebecca, 
married  John  Comely,  preacher  among  Friends.  Rachael, 
married  Benjamin  West.  Charles.  Sarah,  married  Genl. 
Samuel  J.  Read,  father  of  Dr.  Zachariah  Read.  Ann, 
died  unmarried. 


1  Dr.  Benjamin  Say  was  half-brother  to  Dr.  Stacy  Budd,  as  after  the  death  of 
his  father,  the  widow  married  Dr.  Thomas  Say,  son  of  William  Say,  of  Philadel- 
phia. Benjamin  Say  was  a  druggist  in  Philadelphia  and  it  is  traditionary  that  he 
was  for  a  time  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Stacy.  It  is  not  known  that  the  latter  re- 
moved to  Philadelphia. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  l8l 

BUDD. 

Benjamin  Say  Budd, 
Son  of  Dr.  Stacy  Budd  studied  medicine  with  his  uncle 
Dr.  Benjamin  Say,  of  Philadelphia.  Upon  his  return  to 
Mount  Holly,  his  father  took  him  into  partnership  in  his 
extensive  practice  and  after  his  father's  death  he  continued 
a  practitioner  of  medicine  to  the  close  of  his  days.  He 
married  Hannah,  daughter  of  Joseph  Burr  of  Vin- 
centown,  June  19th,  1793.^  She  died  1st  of  8th  month, 
1797.  In  1 80 1,  he  married  (2)  Sarah,  daughter  of  John 
Dobbins,  of  Mount  Holly.  After  the  death  of  his  mother, 
25th  of  8th  month,  18 13,  he  removed  to  the  homestead 
mansion  where  he  resided  till  his  death. 

He  had  a  very  extensive  practice  and  was  a  very  popu- 
lar physician.  His  personal  presence  was  attractive,  his 
manners  easy  and  his  disposition  social.  His  costume 
neat  and  according  to  the  genteel  order  of  his  day.  He 
wore  his  hair  long  behind  and  held  up  by  a  comb.  He 
indulged  in  well  bred  merriment  and  liked  a  joke — none 
the  less  if  it  was  at  his  own  expense.  One  of  this  char- 
acter he  is  reported  to  have  related  of  himself.  On  his 
return  from  a  visit  to  a  convalescent  patient  he  met  a 
carpenter  who  was  building  a  house  near  by.  The 
Doctor  asked  him  which  would  beat,  he  cure  his  patient 
or  the  carpenter  finish  his  house.  "  I  don't  know,"  said 
the  latter,  "  maybe  I  will,  if  I  get  a  Frenchman  to  help 
me,  who  knows  more  than  I  do,"  alluding  to  the  Doctor's 
consultation  in  the  case  with  Dr.  Brognard.^ 

In  St.  Andrew's  Churchyard  is  his  tombstone  record  : 

DR.  BENJAMIN  SAY  BUDD 
Born  June  26  1769 
Died  Nov.   9  1833. 


'  Dr.  J.  M.  Toner. 

'^  Charles  Stokes'  Reminiscences. 


l82  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

BuDD.  Burnet. 

By  his  first  marriage  union  he  had  one  daughter,  who 
married  John  Beatty,  Esq.  By  his  second,  he  had  Sarah 
Ann,  Susan,  Benjamin,  Lucy,  John,  a  dentist,  Elizabeth 
and  Mary. 


Benjamin  Say  Budd,  Jr., 
The  seventh  child  of  Benjamin  S.  Budd,  studied  medicine 
but  did  not  become  a  practitioner.  He  married  Emily, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Stout,  of  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania.  In 
the  same  burial  place  with  that  of  his  father  is  found  the 
record  : 

Dr.    benjamin   SAY   BUDD 

Son  of  Dr.  BEXJANIN  SAY  BUDD 

Born  January  io  1813 

Died  March  9  1863. 

Of  the  medical  descendants  of  the  primitive  Budds, 
whose  genealogy  is  uncertain,  we  notice  Dr.  Solomon 
Sharp,  U.  S.  N.,  now  deceased,  son  of  Jemima  Budd.  Dr. 
Charles  Henry  Budd  in  Girard  College.  Dr.  Abraham 
Ten  Eyck  Budd,  practising  in  North  Carolina.  Dr. 
Samuel  Budd,  New  York  City.  Dr.  John  Budd  Pethe- 
ridge,  grandson  of  Isaac  Budd  (i).  Dr.  William  Newbold 
Bispham,  son  of  Stacy  and  Ann  (Newbold)  Bispham,  was 
grandson  of  John  and  Margaret  (Budd)  Bispham.  Dr. 
Charles  Bispham  Neale,  was  grandson  of  same. 


IciiABOD  Burnet, 
Born  in  Southampton,  Long  Island,  1684  He  was  a 
son  of  Daniel  Burnet  and  grandson  of  Thomas,  who 
migrated  from  Lynn,  Massachusetts,  to  Southampton 
about  1640.  Ichabod  came  with  his  father  from  Long 
Island  to    Elizabethtown  about   1700.     He  was  a  grad- 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  1 83 

Burnet. 

uate  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh  and  probably  took 
his  degree  in  medicine  there.  In  1730  he  lived  and  prac- 
tised in  Lyon's  Farms,  but  afterwards  it  is  inferred  that 
he  removed  to  Elizabethtown. 

The  account  following  is  found  among  the  East  Jersey 
Manuscripts,  No.  40,  in  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Library. 
The  names  mentioned  make  it  probable  that  the  Doctor's 
visits  extended  to  what  is  now  Orange. 

Amos  Williams  Dttr  March  ye  29,  1742.  .  .  £,  s.  d. 
To  one  visit  to  see  his  son  Dttr  .....  00.  07.  00 
April  2  to  one  visit  to  see  his  son  .....  00.  07.  00. 
To  five  ouncis  of  Ungd  Dialthea  ....  .00.10.00. 
To  twelve  Dos  Pill  Mathea  Dttr  .....  00.  05.  00. 
April  y  7  to  one  visit  To  his  son  .....  00.  07.  00. 
To  Eighteen  Dosis  of  Ant  Diap  .....  00.  08.  00. 
April  y  II  To  one  visit  to  Joseph  Rigd's   .         .         .         .00.  06.  00. 


Contrary  credit  by  Medsons  brought  back     . 

Due  to  me  Ichabod  Burnet.  .         00.  06.  00. 

On  the  back  of  the  account  it  is  receipted  thus: 

the 

New  Jersey  Sept.  y^  19  day  Ano  Dom  1743  Then  Received  of 
Mr.  Samuel  Allin  the  Sum  of  one  Pound  fifteen  shillings  on  the  ac- 
count of  Mr.  Amos  Williams.  I  say  Received  in  full  of  all  acco  from  me 
to  this  day.  Ichabod  Burnet. 

He  is  spoken  of  by  Hatfield  as  one  of  the  distinguished 
men  of  the  town.  He  died  July  13th,  1774,  aged  ninety. 
The  historian  notices  his  death  as  occuring  in  the  midst 
of  the  agitation  caused  by  the  events  which  had  just 
before  transpired  at  Boston,  and  as  the  citizens  of  Eliza- 
bethtown were  giving  expression  to  their  indignant  feel- 
ings against  the  tyranny  of  Great  Britain,  which  gave  an 
impetus  to  the  patriot  movement  of  the  whole  Province. 

The  Doctor's  wife  Hannah,  died  February  19th, 
^758,  aged  fifty-six.     They  had  two    sons,    William    and 


1 84  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Burnet. 

Ichabod,  Jr.  Both  became  physicians;  the  latter  died 
March  12th,  1756,  in  his  twenty-fourth  year.  WiUiam 
removed  to  Newark.  ^ 


William  Burnet, 
Son    of  Doctor  Ichabod  {supra)    of  EHzabethtown,    was 
born  December  2d,  1730,  O.  S.     He  graduated  at  Prince- 
ton, 1749,  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Staats  of  New  York, 
and  settled  in  Newark  as  a  physician. 

He  had  acquired  reputation  and  popularity  in  his  pro- 
fession when  the  Revolutionary  war  broke  out.  He  at 
once  relinquished  a  lucrative  practice  and  assumed  and 
maintained  a  conspicious  part  as  one  of  the  leaders  in  the 
popular  cause  in  Newark  and  in  Essex  County  during  the 
war.  As  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Safety,  he  exer- 
cised large  powers  and  a  commanding  influence.  On  one 
occasion  in  1776,  he  organized  and  dispatched  to  New 
York  a  force  of  three  hundred  men,  and  was  treated  as 
the  recognized  head  of  Essex  County.  He  was  also 
Deputy  Chairman  of  the  Newark  Committee,  and,  in  con- 
nection with  Capt.  Joseph  Hedden  and  Samuel  Hays 
really  governed  the  town  for  several  years.  He  was  also 
1st  Judge  of  the  County  Courts. 

He  suffered  much  in  his  private  property  by  the  depre- 
dations of  the  enemy.  His  large  and  valuable  library 
was  headed  up  in  casks  and  carried  off  by  the  Britisli  or 
their  allies,  the  refugees.  At  another  time  fifty  head  of 
cattle  were  driven  off  from  his  farm.- 

In  July,  1776,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  three  com- 
missioners  for  issuing  State  bills   of  credit,  and  making 

>  Bradley's  Notes.     Hatfield's  His.  of  Elizabeth.     Thompson's  His.  of  L.  I. 
»  Alden's  Collections. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  1 85 

Burnet. 

purchases  of  arms  and  ammunition  for  the  public  service. 
He  was  Commissioned  Surgeon  Second  Regt.  Essex, 
February   17th,  1776.1 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  Congress,  Continental, 
for  1 780- 1.  Early  in  the  Session,  Congress  divided  the 
thirteen  States  into  three  military  districts,  and  by  that 
Congress  he  was  commissioned  a  hospital  surgeon  and 
physician  of  the  army,  and  finally  on  the  5th  of  March, 
1 78 1,  Chief  Physician  and  Surgeon  of  the  Hospital  De- 
partment of  the  Eastern  District.  He  resigned  his  seat 
in  Congress  and  assumed  the  arduous  duties  of  this 
responsible  post,  which  he  continued  to  discharge  till  the 
close  of  the  war. 

The  following  incident  is  given  upon  the  authority  of 
his  son  Hon.  Jacob  Burnet,  of  Ohio  :  On  a  certain  occasion 
Dr.  Burnet,  while  stationed  at  West  Point,  was  dining  with 
others  at  the  house  of  Genl.  Arnold,  when  an  officer  of  the 
day  entered  and  reported  that  a  spy  had  been  taken 
below,  who  called  himself  James  Anderson.  It  was  re- 
marked by  the  persons  at  the  table  that  this  inteUigence, 
so  interesting  to  the  General,  produced  no  visible  change 
in  his  countenance  or  behavior;  that  he  continued  in  his 
seat  for  some  minutes,  conversing  as  before;  after  which 
he  arose  saying  to  his  guests,  that  business  required  him 
to  be  absent  for  a  short  time,  and  desired  them  to  remain 
and  enjoy  themselves  till  his  return.  The  next  intelli- 
gence they  had  of  him  was  that  he  was  in  his  barge 
moving  rapidly  to  a  British  ship  of  war,  the  Vulture, 
which  was  lying  at  anchor  a  short  distance  below  the 
Point. 

Dr.  Burnet  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Camp 
of  Newark,  by  whom  he  had  a  large  family  of  children, 

'  Stryker's  Register. 


1 86  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Burnet. 

viz:  William,  Jr.,  who  was  an  eminent  physician;  Icha- 
bod,  who  was  secretary  of  the  Essex  County  Committee 
of  which  liis  father  was  chairman;  and  in  1777  became 
aid-de-camp  to  Major  General  Green,  and  continued  such 
with  the  rank  of  Major  throughout  the  war.  He  was  a 
brave  and  efficient  officer  and  greatly  beloved  by  his  Gen- 
eral. He  died  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  at  the  age 
of  twenty-seven,  just  as  the  war  closed ;  John,  Post- 
master of  Newark  from  1789  to  1803  ;  Jacob,  the  eminent 
Judge  and  Sendtor  from  Ohio,  who  resided  at  Cincinnati, 
and  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  ;  and  George  Whitfield 
also  a  lawyer  who  settled  in  Ohio.  He  married  (2)  Gertrude 
Gouverneur,  widow  of  Colonel  Phillip  Van  Courtland,  by 
whom  he  had  three  sons,  the  youngest  of  whom  was 
David  G.  Burnet,  the  first  provincial  President  of  Texas 
in  1836,  a  brave,  pure,  high-toned  and  accomplished  gen- 
tleman who  lived  to  an  advanced  age  and  died  in  Galves- 
ton in  December,  1870. 

Thus  not  only  by  his  own  high  position  but  by  the 
honorable  reputation  achieved  by  his  sons,  Doctor  Burnet 
has  become  entitled  to  a  distinguished  place  in  the  an- 
nals of  his  native  state.  His  daughter  Hannah  married 
Abraham  Kinney  and  became  the  mother  of  William  B. 
Kinney,  former  United  States  Minister  to  Italy,  and  the 
well  known  Editor  of  the  Newark  Daily  Advertiser. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  the  Doctor  returned  to  his 
family  and  devoted  himself  to  agricultural  pursuits.  His 
homestead  was  in  what  is  now  the  lower  part  of  Newark, 
on  the  north-east  corner  of  Lincoln  Park  and  opposite  the 
site  or  nearly  so,  of  the  present  mansion  of  Mr.  James  R. 
Sayre.i     Soon  after  his  return  he  was  appointed  Presid- 

>  He  aflerwards  purchased  a  lot   (six  acres)  on  tlie  east  side  of  Broad  street 
through  which  Kinney  street  was  afterwards  laid,  where  he  lived  many  years. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  18/ 

Burnet.  Cadwalader. 

ing  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Newark,  and 
for  the  last  twenty-three  years  of  his  life  one  of  its  ruling 
elders. 

He  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Medical 
Society  in  1766,  and  was  elected  President  in  1767  and 
again  in  1786.  Being  a  fine  classical  scholar,  on  assuming 
the  office  on  the  first  occasion  he  read  an  essay  in  Latin 
on  the  use  of  the  lancet  in  pleurisy.  Pie  died  October 
7th,  1 79 1,  aged  sixty-one.^ 


William  Burnet,  Jr., 
Son  of  the  preceding,  was  born  in  1754,  died  1799.  He 
practised  his  profession  in  Belleville  and  acquired  a  repu- 
tation. During  the  war  he  was  commissioned  Surgeon, 
General  Hospital,  Continental  Army.^  He  married 
Joanna,  daughter  of  Capt.  Joseph  Ailing,  of  Newark. 
He  had  daughters  who  married  men  who  became  emi- 
nent. Abigail  married  Caleb  S.  Riggs,  a  distinguished 
lawyer  in  New  York,  a  native  of  Essex  County,  New 
Jersey.  Mary  married  Chief-Justice  Joseph  C.  Horn- 
blower.  Caroline  married  William  Pennington,  a  Gov 
crnor  of  New  Jersey.-"^ 


Tmomas  Cadwalader 
Was  a  native  of  Philadelphia.     Born  in  1707.    His  father, 
John    Cadwalader,    came   to   America   with    Penn,    1699. 
Soon  after  his  arrival,  he  joined  one  of  the  settlements  of 

*  MSS.  His.  Notes,  Hon.  Jos.  P.  15radloy.     Hon.  Jacob  Burnet's  Notes,  etc. 

"  Stryker's  Register. 

3  MSS.  His.  Notes,  Jos.  P.  Bradley. 


I8S  HISTORY   OF   N.  J.    IVIEDICINE. 

Cadwauldkv.. 

'.-'    '"'  ~  -anlirymen.  near  Merion,  a  few  mfles  west  o:" 

I .1.-.^     He  is  said  to  liave  been  a  man  of  higb. 

character  and  mach  literary  culture.  He  married  Martha. 
dangfater  of  Dr.  Eldward  Jones,  an  emi^rarrt  from  Merion- 
ethsiiire.     H  -  of  Dr.  Th^ - 

Wynne,  an  er. -^      -. come  over  \  .,.- 

Perm  tn  the  Wi^L-jm^.  The  children  of  John  Cadwalader 
were  three  daughters  and  one  son,  Thomas,  who  is  the 

'      ^     "  '  rtch. 

_  -■. _■-■  spent  the  most  of  his  Irfe  in  the  city  of 

his  liirlii,  and  there  achieved  the  highest  standing  as  one 
of  Its  mofft  distrngnished  physicians.  Simpson  in  hi= 
"  Lives  '  ~  ~  "  -  -  ■  ■  ••  •  CTiven  an  inter- 
esting n_: ..    .__._.  _. _:  „ ^  no  reference  tc 

his  residence  in  New  Jersey,  with  which  he  was  identified. 
both  by  residence  and  as  a  large  property  holder. 

His  es.-'  -   -eived  in  the  Friends' pu'.,"' 

school    -  '     ;:    "-    ijy    Thomas    Makin,    - 

Lurtfaer  pursued  at  the  Academy  at  Betisalem,  Buck?. 
County.  PemT-sylvan.ra,  under  the  instruction  of  Rev.  WH- 
"."    "^         :  Tt.       When        ''----    years   of  age   he  — . 

.  :-  the  care  o:'                lie.  Dr.  Evan  Jone.>-. 
the  St  luJy  erf"  medicine  and  two  years  thereafter  was  sent 
to  England,  where  he  entered  the  Royal  CoH^e  of  Sur- 
_- —     ._    -  — :-_       "-    — -. :    ;^   medicine  at  "::~- 

:r  year's  anaton'.   .- 
course  under  Cfa^elden.,  he  returned  to  America  for  the 
prac~  '  .-.--.._ 

was     i    ^ -  .-^     .  -       Sv  ■    — _-.'.J..    .-     .   ..•.'iLC^.r.. 

25  one  .-  '-j£  few  .na,  who.  in  that  city,  in 

ly^i-Jr  nrocnlated  for  the  small  pox.      PrroB-  to  1751,  it 

--  that  he  d:"'  -  time  between  Trc    ' 

a^' .— :::ve   citv.     I"       "         ne   married,   *"  after   i..:. 


HISTORY  OF  X.   ].   MEDICIXE.  1S9 

manner  of  the  people  called  Oxiakers  and  accordiEtg  to 

the  good  Older  used  among  them,"  Hannaih.  idangiater  'of 

rt, deceased,  of  I  '      -'     h 

.    i.n.     Tine  latter      _--    --_  .-...    ..    . _f 

Lambert,  wiio,  with  his  father-in-law,  MaMon  Stacy, 
landed  at  Burlington  from  the  "  Shield,"  in  167S  amd  set- 
■.\  "  ';■  T  -  -beiton  in  1679.     Thomas  L-i    "      -    :    '     "-    " 

ly  1  -^ruar\-  I2th,  175^2,  considerat ._-.  :-^.:„^: 

with  proprietary^,  rights,  &c_  to  his  four  daughters, 
Elizabeth  Biles,  Hannah,  Achshah  and  Margaret,     This 

.    ^  ;    ■  ~'-:e-d  of  **  three  tracts  c -         .   "-     '  "       '  -  *.  ^ated 

,/_  :...    ^    ..nij'   of  Hunterdon  ^_  ^    ...__      :__^r  on 

Shabbakunk  Creek :  containing  in  the  whole  715  acnes," 
Upon  a  resnrvej'  of  these  tracts.  13S  acres  overplms  wesre 
f  .-  ;d.  By  deed  of  partition  in  May  6th,  175S,  betwcoa 
:."..  heirs,  these  three  lots,  S51  acres,  fell  to  Hannah,  aiiter- 
wards  the  wife  o{  Dr.  Cadm  alader. 

In  1745  the  Doctor  wrote  an  essa\%  the  title  page  being 
as  follows: 

Ab 

Essay 

On  tfee  West  IrtSisL 

Drr  lki|!)es 

n>«hod  of  J,  iasd  cariii^ 

Cnttd  Oisteamper 

To  vrhjdn  is  scMxd 

Ab  extraoindfiTvainr  case  in  Fluysick. 

Pdint«3  ar     -  R  Finumkitr. 

12  ntOL.  pjv.  4^ 


190  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Cadwalader. 

The  preface  to  the  above  occupies  five  pages,  and  is 
dated  at  the  close  thus: 

"  New  Jersey  Trenton 

March  25  1745 

Tho.  Cadwalader." 

Two  editions  of  this  essay  were  printed,  the  preface  in 
both  was  signed  as  above. 

The  following  advertisement  further  leads  to  the 
inference  that  the  Doctor  claimed  Trenton  as  his  resi- 
dence in  1745.     Penn'a  Gazette,  October  31,  1745: 

"  Run  away  on  Saturday  the  26th  of  October  from  Thomas  Cad- 
walader of  Trenton,  a  negro  man  named  Sam  a  likely  fellow."  *     * 
Signed,        "  Thomas  Cadwalader." 

In  the  19th  of  Geo.  II.  (1746},  Trenton,  which  was 
founded  a  few  years  prior,  received  a  charter  as  a  borough, 
and  the  Doctor  was  chosen  its  first  Chief  Burgess.  He 
resigned  this  office  in  1750,  and  as  a  token  of  his  regard 
for  the  citizens,  gave  ;^500  to  establish  a  public  library. 
That  he  was  a  large  property  holder  in  Trenton,  appears 
from  an  advertisement  copied  from  a  paper  of  the  day, 
and  published  in  Mall's  His.  of  the  Pres.  Church  in 
Trenton. 

May,  1750.  Thos.  Cadwalader  "'  offers  900  acres  of 
woodland  a  mile  and  a  half  north  of  the  town,  watered 
by  five  streams,  one  of  which  the  Trenton  Mills  stand 
on  ;  also  a  plantation  of  700  acres  on  the  Delaware, 
where  Mr.  Douglass  now  lives,  north  of  Trenton  about 
two  miles.  *         '•''         ^'•'         *  also  a  large  corner 

brick  house  in  Queen  street,  in  a  very  publick  part  of 
the  town  ;  also  25  acres  of  pasture  land  in  the  upper  end 
of  Queen  street." 


HISTORY   OF   N,    J.    MEDICINE.  I9I 

Cadwalader. 

In  the  library  of  the  His.  Soc.  of  New  Jersey,  we  find 
a  deed  from  Thos.  Cadwalader  to  James  Rutherford,  dated 
February  4,  1754,  which  describes  Thomas  Cadwalader 
"late  of  Trenton,  at  present  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
practitioner  of  Physick." 

After  1 75 1  he  seems  to  have  been  wholly  indentified 
with  Philadelphia,  as  a  citizen.  In  that  }^ear  he  was 
chosen  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  the  Philadelphia 
Hospital,  and  was  appointed  upon  its  medical  staff.  He 
was,  in  the  same  year,  made  a  member  of  the  City 
Council,  and  remained  in  office  till  1769.  He  was  soon 
chosen  a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council,  and  co«- 
tinucd  such  till  the  change  of  government  in  1776.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  "  Library  Company  of 
Pennsylvania";  on  the  first  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Academy  of  Philadelphia  (afterwards  the  University  of 
Philadelphia),  1749;  a  member  of  the  American  Philos. 
Soc.  (organized  1743),  and  of  the  American  Society  for 
Promoting  Useful  Knowledge.  Upon  the  union  of  the 
two  Societies  in  1769,  forming  the  present  American 
Philos.  Society,  he  was  chosen  one  of  its  Vice-Chancel- 
lors,  and  continued  so  till  his  death.  In  1752,  at  the 
solicitation  of  Dr.  Wm.  Shippen,  Sr.,  he  gave  lectures  on 
Anatomy,  the  first  upon  the  subject  given  in  America, 
Dr.  Shippen  not  lecturing  till  nine  years  thereafter. 

The  Doctor's  children  were  : 

I,  Martha,  wife  of  Brig,  Gen.  J  no.  Dagworthy. 

II,  Jo/di,  born  January,  1742,  died  1786.  Brig.  Gen, 
during  the  Revolution ;  served  at  Trenton,  I'rinceton, 
Brandywine,  Germantown  and  Monmouth, 

III,  Lambert,  born  December,  1742,  died  1823,  Col, 
1st  Penn,  Regulars  ;  taken  prisoner  at  Fort  Washington, 
1776. 


192  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Cadwalader. 

IV.  Alary,  wife  of  Maj.  Gen.  Philemon  Dickinson. 

V.  Rebecca,  ditto,  second  wife. 

VI.  Elizabeth,  died  1799. 

VII.  Margaret,  wife  of  Brig.  Gen.  Sam'l  Meredith. 
The  Doctor  ended  his  da}-s  at  the  Greenwood  Mansion, 

Trenton,  which  became  the  property  of  his  son  Lambert, 
in  1776.1  His  death  is  thus  noticed  in  the  Ne%v  Jersey 
Gazette  (Trenton),  Wednesday,  November  17,  1779: 

"  On  Sunday  last,  in  the  neighborhood  of  this  place,  Thomas  Cad- 
walader, Esq.,  late  an  eminent  physician  in  Philadelphia,  in  the  72d 
)-ear  of  his  age,"  universally  regretted  by  his  acquaintance  and 
friends." 

His  wife  died  in  Philadelphia  in  1786. 

We  have  met  with  no  tradition  or  record  in  Trenton  of 
the  Doctor's  practice  there.  It  is,  however,  fair  to  infer 
that  while  a  resident,  his  professional  enthusiasm  was  none 
the  less  earnest,  and  that  his  fellow-citizens  enjoyed  the 
benefit  of  his  medical  counsel. 

For  the  personal  characteristics  and  the  extended  pro- 
fessional relations  of  Dr.  Cadwalader,  the  reader  is 
referred  to  Simpson's  Lives  and  Watson's  Annals,  to 
both  of  which  this  record  is  designed  to  be  supplc- 
mentary.3 


'  This  noted  iiiansion,  with  its  old  furniture  and  many  vahiable  papers  and 
heirlooms,  was  destroyed  by  fire  on  January  24,  1872.  It  was  the  residence  of 
Col.  Lambert  Cadwalader,  who,  upon  his  death  in  1822,  bequeathed  it  to  his  son. 
Gen.  Thomas  Cadwalader,  who  died  October  24,  1873.  The  house  was  imme- 
diately rebuilt  and  the  property  is  still  in  the  possession  of  the  family. — Trenton 
Free  American,  January  25th,  1872. 

*  73d,  he  was  born  in  1707. 

s  MSS.  His.  Notes  of  Wm.  John  Potts.  Newspaper  Sketches  by  Wharton 
Dickinson,  MSS.  notes  of  W'm.  H.  Rawle,  etaliis. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  I93 

Camp. 

Stephen  Camp, 

A  son  of  Nathaniel  Camp,  of  Newark,  was  born  in  1739. 
Studied  at  Princeton,  where  he  graduated  in  1756.  After 
studying  medicine  lie  settled  himself  for  its  practice  in 
Bridgetown,  now  Rahway.  where  he  married  Hester  Birt, 
a  daughter  of  a  British  officer  of  some  distinction.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical 
Society,  being  present  at  its  first  meeting.  He  died 
before  he  reached  middle  life.  The  Doctor  was  fond  of 
company,  "  full  of  fun  and  frolic,"  and  made  many  friends. 
He  died  in  1775.  One  son,  John,  survived  him,  who, 
though  quite  young,  became  a  Tory  and  a  refugee  and  was 
killed  in  Georgia  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  He 
left  also  a  daughter.  Two  sisters  of  Dr.  Camp  married  : 
Mary,  born  in  1 731,  to  Dr.  Wm.  Burnet,  and  Elizabeth  to 
Dr.  John  Griffith,  who  succeeded  to  Dr.  Camp's  practice 
upon  his  decease. 

The  house  in  which  Dr.  Camp  died  was  occupied  suc- 
cessively, perhaps  not  continuously,  by  Drs.  Camp, 
Griffith,  Lewis  Morgan,  and  by  the  late  Dr.  Samuel 
Abernethy,  who  died  in  1874.  It  is  said  to  be  the  oldest 
house  in  Rahway. 

Monumental  inscription  in  Rahway: 

Here  lies  the  once  useful 

and  valued,  But  now  much 

Lamented  Doct'r  Stephen 

Camp  Who  dy'd  March 

19th  1775  in  y«  37th  year  of  his  age. 

How  lov'd  How  valu'd  once  avails  the™ 
To  whom  related  or  By  Whom  bego' 
A  heap  of  Dust  alone  remains  of  th"" 
Tis  all  THOU  art  and  all  y«  PROUD  sh^» 

MSS.  His.  Notes   Hon.  Jos.  P.  Bradley,  et  aliis. 


194  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Campfield. 

Jabez  Campfield, 
Son  of  ]5cnjamin,  was  born  in  Newark,  early  educated  in 
the  "  Providence  Plantations,"  and  afterwards  at  Prince- 
ton, receiving  its  honors  in  i/SQ.  He  married  Sarah 
Ward,  of  Newark.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Medical 
Society  in  1773,  and  practised  his  profession  in  Morris- 
town.  He  joined  the  Continental  Army,  in  Boston  or  Cam- 
bridge, as  a  surgeon,  under  Green.  Was  in  Morristown 
three  winters  with  the  army,  including  that  when  Wash- 
ington was  there.  During  the  war  he  was  senior  surgeon 
on  Dr.  Burnet's  staff.  In  Stryker's  Register  his  name 
appears  as  "  Surgeon,  Spencer's  Regt.  Continental  Army, 
January  1st,  1777,  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war."  In 
the  proceedings  of  the  Historical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 
will  be  found  the  Diaryi  of  Dr.  Campfield,  where  he 
accompanied  Sullivan's  Expedition  into  Western  Penn- 
sylvania and  New  York  in  1779,  and  this  diary  is  his  nar- 
rative of  that  campaign. 

lie  practised  his  profession  to  some  extent  after  the 
war,  but  gave  much  of  his  attention  to  agriculture  and 
other  pursuits.  He  was  surrogate  of  Morris  County,  from 
the  beginning  of  the  County  records  in  1784  to  1804.  As 
a  founder  of  the  Old  Morris  Academy  he  was  prominent, 
being  the  moderator  of  the  public  meetings,  called  to 
consider  the  project  and  subsequently  President  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  He  instituted  the  Morris  County 
Agricultural  Society,  which  possessed  a  fair  library,  which 
was  afterwards  merged  in  the  Apprentices'  Library  and 
finally  became  the  Morristown  Library  and  Lyceum  As- 
sociation. 

After  the  war  he  resided    in    Morristown  till    his   death. 


'  Contributed  by  ICdmund  D.  Halscy,  Esq. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  I95 

Campfield. 

in  May,  1821,  aged  eighty-three,  having  purchased  a  fariji 
near  New  Vernon.  In  his  will,  dated  August  17th,  1818,  he 
devised  his  property  to  his  son  and  only  child,  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Campfield.  He  was  buried  in  the  graveyard  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  Morristown.  No  stone  marks 
his  grave  He  was  an  infidel,  and  used  to  remark  that 
he  would  as  lief  have  his  "  body  after  death  put  out  under 
one  of  the  trees  of  his  place,  as  buried  at  all."^ 


William  Campfield, 
Son  of  Jabez  {Sup7-a).  He  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton, 
1784.  He  was  more  distinguished  as  a  physician  than 
his  father.  Was  elected  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society 
in  1788.  He  was  Captain  of  the  Morris  Squadron  of 
New  Jersey  Cavalry  from  1798  to  1807.  He  died  in  1824, 
surviving  his  father  but  three  years.  His  remains  were 
laid  in  the  same  burial  place  with  his  father,  no  stone 
marking  his  grave. 

He  married  a  daughter  (Hannah  ?)  of  Samuel  Tuttlc, 
whose  family  was  one  of  the  most  cultivated  and  aristo- 
cratic in  the  County  of  Morris.  She  died  about  1828, 
near  Geneva,  New  York. 

Both  father  and  son  were  men  of  much  culture  and 
high  intellect.  The  latter  is  said  to  have  been  a  very 
brilliant  man.  The  old  family  mansion  in  Morristown  is 
now  standing  in  admirable  preservation  and  is  almost 
equally  historic  with  the  "  Headquarters."  Gen.  Schuyler 
had  his  home  there  and  there  tradition  says,  Alexander 
Hamilton  became  enamoured  of  the  General's  daughter. 

The  Doctor's  children  were  ;   Alexander,  who  became  a 


'  Edmund  D.  Halsey  in  N.  J.  His.  Soc,  ct  aliis. 


196  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Campfikld.  Canfiei.d.  Campbell. 

physician,  practising  in  or  near  Odgensburg,  New  York 
and  died  in  1874,  aged  about  eighty-five,  leaving  issue, 
Charles,  now  hving  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  Appraiser 
of  the  Port.  Catharine,  married  — — ■  Dunham,  now 
a  widow,  Hving  in  Augusta,  Georgia,  with  the  widow  of 
her  brother  Eihvard,  who  was  a  planter  and  died    1872. 

Mary,  married   Rev.  Brown,  a  Baptist  minister  and 

died  about  1866. 


Abraham  Canfield, 
Was  a  son  of  Abraham  and  a  grandson  of  Israel  Canfield, 
of  Ncwarlc.  His  father  migrated  from  his  native  town  to 
Morristown,  where  the  Doctor  was  born  and  where  he 
practised  his  profession.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Jabez  Campfield  and  received  his  license  to  practice  in 
1788.  In  the  same  year  he  was  admitted  to  membership 
in  the  Medical  Society.  He  enjoyed  a  good  practice  and 
was  reputed  as  skillful  in  the  treatment  of  the  long  ty- 
phus fevers,  so  prevalent  in  his  da)'.  He  paid  especial 
attention  to  drainage  and  the  ventilation  of  bedrooms,  as 
well  as  other  parts  and  surroundings  of  dwelling  houses. 

His  health  failed  him  early  in  life  and  Dr.  Ebenezer  H. 
Pierson,  who  married  his  sister,  succeeded  to  his  practice. 
Dr.  Canfield  died  at  the  house  of  his  sister  Hannah,  near 
Schooley's  Mountain  Springs,  about  18 10,  at  about  forty- 
four  years  of  age.  His  brother  Isaac,  was  the  father  of 
Dr.  Isaac  W.  Canfield,  of  Morristown,  who  died  there 
about  twenty  years  since. 


George   W.   Campbell 
Was   born    August    15th,  175S.      He  lived  and    practised 
his     profession     in      Frcnchtown,     Hunterdon     County. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  I97 

Campbell. 

During  the  war  he  was  commissioned  "  Surgeon,  Hospital 
Flying  Camp,  Continental  Army,  April  nth,  1775."^ 
Was  elected  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in  1787. 
For  his  memoir,  see  Blane's  History  of  the  Medical  Men 
of  Hunterdon  County. 


John  Campbell 
Was  a  son  of  Archibald  Campbell,  of  Hackensack,  who  is 
noticed  by  the  historian  as  furnishing  the  table  of  Gen. 
Washington,  when  he  had  his  headquarters  at  the  house 
of  Peter  Zabriskie,  in  November,  1776.  When  the  Gene- 
ral was  on  the  point  of  his  departure  from  the  town, 
before  the  approaching  forces  of  Cornwallis,  he  called  at 
the  door  of  Mr.  Campbell  and  asked  for  some  wine  and 
water.  When  the  glass  was  returned,  the  latter  with 
tears  in  his  eyes,  said  to  Washington,  "  General,  what 
shall  I  do  ;  I  have  a  family  of  small  children  and  a  little 
property  here,  shall  I  leave  it."  Washington  kindly  took 
him  by  the  hand  as  he  replied,  "  Mr.  Campbell,  stay  by 
your  property  and  keep  neutral,''  then  bidding  him  good- 
bye, rode  off.  On  the  next  day  the  British  took  posses- 
sion of  the  town.  In  1780,  he  was  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Hessian  troops,  on  their  passage  through  the  town,  but 
escaped  by  hiding  in  a  cellar.  ^      He  died  in  1798. 

Dr.  Campbell,  his  son,  was  born,  February  13th,  1770. 
He  was  married  in  New  York,  November  28th,  1792,  to 
Jane  Waldron,  who  was  born  on  Long  Island,  June  30th, 
1772.  The  issue  of  this  union  was  ten  children.  He 
spent  his  life  in   Hackensack,  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 


'  Stryker's  Register. 

*  Barber  and  Howe's  His.  Col. 


198  HISTORY  JJF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Campbell.  Carmichael.  Carroll. 

fession  and  was  esteemed  a  good  physician  and  an  exem- 
plary citizen.  He  died  December  15th,  18 14,  aged  forty- 
four.  His  wife  survived  him  till  January  2d,  1853.  They 
both  died  and  were  buried  in  Hackensack. 


John  Flavel  Carmichael 
became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in  1787,  having 
received  his  license  to  practice  medicine  in  the  same  year. 
In  November,  1788,  he  received  a  certificate  from  the  Soc- 
iety, as  a  reputable  member  of  the  profession  being  about 
to  leave  the  State. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  the  Rev.  J  no.  Carmichael 
and  Phebe  Crane,  whose  mother  became  the  second  wife 
of  Jonathan  Dickinson.  Dr.  Carmichael  studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  Moses  Scott,  of  New  Brunswick.  He  entered 
the  army  as  surgeon  in  1788.  After  several  years  service, 
he  resigned  and  settled  in  Mississippi,  where  he  died  in 
1807,  aged  about  forty-eight.^ 


Edward   Carroll 
Was  a  resident  of  New  Brunswick.      He  is  remembered  as 
a  man  of  high  scientific  attainments,  great  suavity  of  man-    \l 
ners,  a  member  of  Christ  Church  and   of  devout  piety. 
His  monumental  inscription  in  the  Episcopal  churchyard 
of  New  Brunswick  reads  : 

"  In  memory  of  Edward  Carroll,  ^L  D.,  who  departed  this  life  1840,  .V.  73. 
Formerly  of  the  Island  of  Jamaica,  but  for  many  years  a  reputed  inhabitant  of  this 
town.  He  svas  a  physician,  alike  eminent  for  the  Christian  graces  and  virtues 
that  adorned  his  life,  and  for  the  medical  skill  and  science  that  ranked  him  high  in 
his  profession.  The  loveliness  and  purity  of  his  character  secured  to  him  the 
esteem  of  all  and  the  friendship  of  many." 


•  Sprague's  Annals. 


HISTORY    OF   N.    J-    MEDICINE.  I99 

Carroll.  Chandler. 

He  came  to  New  Brunswick  from  the  Island  of  Jamaica. 
He  did  not  practise  in  New  Brunswick,  being  wealthy. 
He  married  a  wife  much  younger  than  himself,  who  after- 
wards married  an  actor  named  Ball,  who  was  an  adven- 
turer and  soon  squandered  her  property.  Dr.  Carroll 
became  totally  blind  after  his  removal  to  New  Brunswick. 
He  died  without  issue. 


William  Chandler, 
Son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Chandler,  graduated  at 
King's  College  in  1774.  He  was  a  native  and  resident, 
till  the  war,  of  Elizabethtown.  He  fled  from  there  in 
1776,  on  account  of  his  own  and  his  father's  ardent  loyalty 
to  the  Mother  Country.  He  served  as  Captain  of  New 
Jersey  Volunteers,  (British  service)  and  was  stationed 
on  Staten  Island.  After  peace  was  declared  he  went  to 
England  and  died  there  October  22d,  1784,  in  his  twenty- 
ninth  year.  He  was  educated  as  a  physician.  An  old 
account  book,  now  extant,  has  his  name  entered  as  Doc- 
tor Chandler.  The  contest  which  opened  just  as  he 
became  of  age,  probably  prevented  the  pursuit  of  his  pro- 
fession. His  attention  seems  to  have  been  wholly  given 
to  military  affairs. 

His  father  was  a  descendant  of  William  Chandler,  who 
came  to  America  and  settled  at  Roxbury,  Massachusetts, 
in  1637.  Rev.  Dr.  Chandler  was  the  successor  in  St. 
John's  Church,  Elizabethtown,  of  Rev.  Mr.  Vaughan,  in 
1747.  He  was  an  unswerving  and  able  advocate  of  Epis- 
copacy and  as  earnestly  devoted  to  the  support  of  the 
policy  of  the  Mother  Country  towards  the  Colonies.  In 
1775,  alarmed  by  the  sacking  of  the  house  of  his  friend 


200  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  '- 

Chandler.  Champneys.  Chetwood.  ji 

Myles  Cooper  in  New  York  ;  he  took  refuge  with  him  on  n 
the  Kingfisher,  a  British  ship  of  war  in  the  harbor  of  New  |/ 
York,  and  soon  after  sailed  for  Bristol,  England,  in  the  | 
Exeter.  He  cherished  almost  to  the  last  the  expectation  ti 
of  the  restoration  of  the  ro)'al  authority  in  the  American  ;i 
Colonies.  As  late  as  December,  178 1,  he  wrote  to  a  friend  ij 
in  America,  "  the  late  blow  in  Virginia  (the  surrender  of  j( 
Cornwallis)  has  given  us  a  shock,  but  has  not  overset  us. 
Though  the  clouds  at  present  are  rather  thick  about  us, 
I  am  far,  very  far  from  desponding."  He  returned  to 
America  in  1785,  in  enfeebled  health  and  too  infirm  to 
resume  his  parochial  charge.  He  retained  the  Rector- 
ship and  the  Rectory  of  St.  John's  as  long  as  he  lived, 
and  died  June  17th,  1790,  in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his  age. 
One  of  his  daughters,  Mary,  married  Rev.  John  Henry 
Hobart.  afterwards  the  Bishop  of  the  diocese  of  New 
York.i 


Benjamin  Champneys. 

In  the  Presbyterian  grave}-ard  at  Bridgeton  : 

Sacred 
To  the  Mkmory  of 

benjamin  champneys,  M.  D. 

Who  Died  on  the 

i6th  day  of  July  1814 

.(Etat  40 

A    history  of  Dr.    Champneys    is  given  in    Bateman's 
Medical  Men  of  Cumberland  County. 


JOPIN    ClIETWOOD, 
Born  in  Elizabethtown,  1768,  Son  of  the  Hon.  John  Chet- 
wood  of  the   Supreme   Court.     The    earliest    notice    we 


>  Hatfield's  His.  of  Elizabeth.     Sabine's  Loyalists. 


HISTORY   OF   N,   J,    MEDICINE.  201 

Chetwood.  Clark. 

have  of  him  as  a  physician  is  an  advertisement  in  the 
Nezu  Jersey  Journal  oi  May  4th,  1796,  in  which  as  "Doc- 
tor Chetwood  "  he  offers  drugs  and  medicines  for  sale  and 
states  that  he  "still  continues  the  business  in  the  house 
formerly  occupied  by  Dr.  John  Clark,  near  the  Episcopal 
Church."  A  year  or  more  before  this,  as  appears  by 
another  advertisement,  he  had  a  drug  store  in  the  same 
house,  but  then  he  appends  his  name  as  John  Chetwood,  Jr. 
He  married  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Jelf,  Esq.,  one  of 
the  oldest  merchants  of  the  town,  an  Englishman  and 
son-in-law  of  Jonathan  Hampton  of  the  same  place,  the 
great  land  surveyor  and  real  estate  broker  of  the  Colonial 
days.  The  Doctor  is  spoken  of  as  a  genial  cheerful- 
faced  man.  He  had  an  uncommon  flow  of  spirits.  To 
his  cheeriness  of  speech  and  manners,  courageous,  ener- 
L^etic,  brusque  yet  gentlemanly,  he  owed  as  much  for  his 
■success  and  popularity  as  a  practitioner,  as  to  professional 
^kill.  The  Doctor  left  several  children,  one  of  whom  was 
lohn  Joseph,  an  eminent  lawyer,  deceased,  and  another, 
Geo.  Ross,  long  a  practitioner  of  medicine  in  his  native 
town,  an  ex-President  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New 
Jersey,  who  is  still  living. 

Dr.  Chetwood  died  of  cholera  in  August,  1832,  having 
continued  to  give  his  services  to  his  patients  to  within 
nine  hours  of  his  death, ^ 


AiiRAiiAM  Clark. 
His  ancestor,  Richard,  came  to   Eliz'town  as   early  as 
1678,    from    Southold,   L.    I.,    originally    from    the    New 
Haven   Colony.      He  had   sons   Thomas,   Abraham    and 


Newspaper  Sketch  by  Rev.  Wm.  Hall.     Clark's  Med.  Men  of  Essex  Co. 


202  HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Clark. 

James.  Abraham  had  Abraham,  aii-  only  son,  who  was 
distinguished  as  a  public  man  in  provincial  affairs  prior  to 
the  war,  and  who  became  a  member  of  the  Continental 
Congress  which  adopted  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
being  a  signer  of  the  same.  His  son,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  1767,  in  Eliz'town.  His  mother's  name 
was  Sarah,  daughter  of  Isaac  Hatfield. 

He  is  said  to  have  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  John 
Griffith,  of  Rahway,  whose  daughter  he  married  in  1791. 
In  the  New  Jersey  Journal,  January  4th,  of  that  year,  is 
the  notice  :  "Married,  on  Thursday  evening  last,  by  Rev. 
Dr.  McWhorter,  Dr.  Abraham  Clark  to  Lydia,  daughter 
of  Dr.  John  Griffith,  of  Bridgetown."  He  commenced 
practice  in  Eliz'town,  and  continued  there  till  a  little  after 
1800,  when  his  name  appears  in  the  New  York  directory 
as  living  in  the  lower  part  of  Broadway.  He  was  there 
but  a  year  or  two  when  he  removed  to  Newark,  where  he 
resided,  pursuing  his  profession  and  his  literary  and 
scientific  studies  till  1830,  when  he  removed  to  Kinder- 
hook,  and  in  the  house  of  his  daughter,  the  widow  of  Dr. 
John  Beekman,  passed  his  declining  years  and  ended  his 
days  in  July,  1854,  in  his  88th  year.  Dr.  Clark  notices 
the  Doctor  in  his  History  of  the  Medical  Men  of  Essex, 
but  is  in  error  as  to  the  name  of  his  father,  also  as  to  his 
graduating  at  the  University  of  Pa.^ 


John  Clark.  \\ 

Born  in  Eliz'town   in  1758,  where  he   practised  his  pro-       \ 
fession   till  his  death,  April   29,  1794,  aged  36.      He  died      \\ 


\\ 


•  Hatfield's  Elizabeth.     Win.  Hall's  Newspaper  Sketch,  et  aliis. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  203 

Clark. 

in  the  same  year  with  the  signer,  who  was  related  to  him 
by  a  common  ancestry,  their  fathers  being  cousins. 

The  Doctor  married  Amy,  daughter  of  Esek  Hopkins, 
of  Rhode  Island,  the  first  Commodore  of  the  U.  S.  Navy, 
and  a  younger  brother  of  Stephen  Hopkins,  the  signer. 
He  made  her  acquaintance  during  a  visit  to  Providence, 
tor  the  purpose  of  observing  the  characteristics  of  an 
epidemic  which  was  prevalent  there.  His  residence  and 
office  in  Eliz'town  were  in  an  old-fashioned  wooden 
house — his  office  with  a  bow  window  in  which  were  dis- 
played the  bottles  and  equipments  of  a  drug  shop.  The 
late  David  S.  Craig,  of  Railway,  was  for  a  time  a  student 
in  his  office. 1 

Dr.  Clark  was  a  youth  of  nineteen  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Revolutionary  War.  In  the  official  register 
of  New  Jersey  soldiers  enrolled,  we  find  his  name  on  the 
long  list  from  Essex  County.  His  native  town,  among 
the  oldest  in  the  State,  was  most  distinguished  of  all  for 
its  contributions  of  military  heroes.  They  had  been 
trained  to  notions  of  liberty  and  their  souls  fired  with 
patriotism  by  Dickinson  and  Caldwell.^ 

After  the  Doctor's  death,  his  widow  with  her  sons 
Stephen  and  John  H.  returned  to  her  father's  residence 
in  Rhode  Island.  The  former  was  drowned  while  young. 
The  latter  lived  to  old  age  and  died  within  a  few 
years. 


'  Rev.  Wm.  Hall  in  Eliz.  Daily  Herald,  et  aliis. 

'  I'arsoii  Caldwell's  Congregation,  in  addition  to  Gov.  Livingston  and  Elias 
Boudinot,  furnished  of  commissioned  officers  to  the  Army  of  the  Revolution — four 
Generals,  three  Colonels,  five  Majors,  thirteen  Captains,  eight  Lieutenants,  one 
Surgeon,  three  Quartermasters.  We  may  well  suppose  that  the  fires  of  British 
hate  towards  those  sturdy  Presbyterian  patriots  burned  as  fiercely  as  the  flames, 
lit  by  British  firebrands,  which  consumed  their  goodly  sanctuary. 


204  HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Clark.  Clement.  Cochran. 

William  Clark. 

The  only  memorial  we  have  of  Dr.  Clark  is  the  indent- 
ure on  p.-ioo,  from  which  we  find  that  he  was  a  practi- 
tioner in  Freehold  in  1760.  Upon  his  decease  his  widow 
became  the  second  wife  of  Dr.  Gcrshom  Stillwell. 


Evan  Clement, 
Son  of  Samuel,  was  for  many  years  a  resident  practitioner 
of  medicine  in  Haddonficld.  He  had  a  considerable 
estate  there.  His  family  connects  with  Hon.  John 
Clement.  The  public  record  of  his  marriage  is  preserved  : 
"  To  Ann  Wills,  daughter  of  James  and  Elizabeth,  4  mo. 
8d.  1795."  He  died  soon  after  his  marriage,  and  his 
widow  married  Dr.  J  no.  Blackwood.^ 


John   Cochran 

Was  the  son  of  James  Cochran,  a  farmer  in  Pennsylvania, 
who  emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  and  purchased 
lands  in  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  which  as  late  as 
1828  were  in  the  possession  of  his  descendants.  The 
ancestor  of  James  migrated  from  Paisley,  Scotland,  to 
the  North  of  Ireland,  in  1570,  John  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  September  i,  1730.  Being  desi- 
rous of  entering  a  learned  profession,  his  father  sent  him 
to  a  grammar  school  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home,  con- 
ducted by  Dr.  P^rancis  Allison,  one  of  the  most  correct 
and  faithful  grammarians  that  ever  taught  in  this  country. 
Having  finished   his  preliminary   studies,  he  commenced 


'  Hon.  Jno.  Clement's  Notes, 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  20$ 

Cochran. 

the  study  of  medicine  under  the  instruction  of  Dr. 
Thompson,  of  Lancaster.  About  the  time  when  he  com- 
pleted his  medical  studies,  the  war  of  1758  commenced 
in  America,  between  England  and  France.  As  there 
were  at  that  time  no  great  hospitals  in  the  Colonies,  Dr. 
Cochran  perceived  that  the  army  would  be  a  good  school 
for  his  improvement  in  surgery  as  well  as  for  the  treat- 
ment of  general  disease.  He  obtained  the  appointment 
of  surgeon's  mate  in  the  hospital  department,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  office  during  the  whole  war,  enjoying  the 
friendship  and  advice  of  Dr.  Munro  and  other  eminent 
English  Physicians.  While  h'ing  off  Oswego  in  a  British 
vessel  during  that  war,  a  shot  from  the  French  fleet 
entered  the  place  where  he  was  operating  and  carried 
away  the  operating  table  and  his  instruments.  He 
quitted  the  service  with  the  reputation  of  an  able  and 
experienced  practitioner.  He  then  settled  in  Albany, 
New  York,  where  he  married  Gertrude,  then  a  widow, 
the  only  sister  of  Gen.  Schuyler.  In  a  short  time  he 
removed  to  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  where  he  con- 
tinued to  practise  his  profession  with  great  reputation. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Medical  Society  in 
1766,  and  in  November,  1769,  was  elected  President,  as 
successor  to  Dr.  Burnet. 

Dr.  Cochran  became  a  zealous  whig  when  the  events 
occurred  which  resulted  in  the  war  between  the  Mother 
Country  and  her  American  Colonics.  After  hostilities 
commenced,  he  was  driven  from  New  Brunswick  by  the 
British,  who  burned  his  house.  His  family,  after  this 
event,  went  to  the  Manor  of  Livingston,  on  the  Hudson 
River,  a  daughter  of  Mrs.  Cochran,  by  her  first  husband, 
having  married  the  lord  of  the  Manor.  The  Doctor 
offered  his  services  in  1776  as  a  volunteer  in  the  hospital 
1 5 


206 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 


COCHKAN. 


department.  Gen.  Washington  appreciated  the  value  of 
a  physician,  who  joined  an  enhirged  experience  to  dih- 
gence,  fidelity  and  sound  judgment,  and  in  the  winter  of 
1/77  ^^^  recommended  him  to  Congress  in  the  following 
words:  "  I  would  take  the  liberty  of  mentioning  a  gentle- 
man whom  I  think  highly  deserving  of  notice,  not  only 
on  account  of  his  abilitx',  but  for  the  very  great  assist- 
ance which  he  has  afforded  us  in  the  course  of  this  winter, 
merely  in  the  nature  of  a  volunteer.  This  gentleman  is 
Dr.  John  Cochran,  well  known  to  all  tlie  faculty.  The 
pkice  for  which  he  is  fitted,  and  which  would  be  most 
agreeable  to  him,  is  Surgeon  General  of  the  Middle  De- 
partment. In  this  line  he  served  all  the  last  war  in  the 
British  Service,  and  has  distinguished  himself  this  winter 
particularly  in  his  attention  to  the  small-pox  patients  and 
the  wounded."  He  was  accordingly  appointed  April 
loth,  1777,  Physician  and  Surgeon  General  in  the  Middle 
Department.  In  the  month  of  October,  1781,  upon  the 
resignation  of  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Congress  was  pleased 
to  commission  him  Director  General  of  the  Hospitals  of 
the  United  States,  an  appointment  that  was  the  more 
honor. ible  because  it  was  not  solicited  b)'  him.  He  was 
attached  to  head-quarters,  to  Gen.  Washington's  staff. 
His  pay  was  five  dollars  per  da}'.  When  he  received  his 
commission  from  Congress,  he  was  with  the  army  at  New 
Windsor.  It  was  sent  to  him  b}'  Samuel  Huntington, 
President  of  Congress,  by  letter,  under  date  of  January 
1 8th,  1781. 

Uj)on  the  breaking  up  of  the  army  at  Newburgh,  upon 
the  ratification  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  Washington  mani- 
fested his  friendship  and  cordial  relations  with  his  army 
surgeon,  by  giving  him  all  his  head-quarter's  furniture. 
One  piece  only  is  now  left  in  the  family,  a  small  tea  table 


It 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J-   MEDICINE.  20/ 

Cochran. 

now  in  the  possession  of  Hon.  John  Cochrane,  of  New 
York,  the  Doctor's  grandson.  That  cordial  relations 
were  formed  early  in  the  war  between  the  Commander-in 
Chief  and  Dr.  Cochran,  appears  from  a  letter  from  the 
former,  which  is  published  in  Irving's  Vife  of  Washington, 
vol.  iii.,  p.  477,  ed.  1861.  Tlie  historian  remarks  of  the 
letter  that  "  it  is  almost  the  only  instance  of  sportive 
writing  in  all  Washington's  corresjjoiidence."  The  letter 
informs  the  Doctor  that  he  has  asked  Mrs.  Cochran  and 
Mrs.  Livingston  to  dine  with  him  on  the  next  day  and 
says  that  his  table  is  large  enough  to  Iiold  the  ladies,  but 
deems  it  more  essential  to  inform  him  "  how  it  is  covered. 
Since  our  arrival  at  this  happy  spot,  we  have  had  a  ham, 
sometimes  a  shoulder  of  bacon,  to  grace  the  head  of  the 
table  ;  a  piece  of  roast  beef  adorns  the  foot,  and  a  dish  of 
beans  or  greens,  almost  imperceptible,  decorates  the  cen- 
ter. When  the  cook  has  a  mind  to  cut  a  figure,  which  I 
presume  will  be  the  case  to-morrow,  we  have  two  beef- 
steak pies,  or  dishes  of  crabs,  in  addition,  one  on  each 
side  of  the  centre  dish,  dividing  the  space  and  reducing 
the  distance  between  dish  and  dish  to  about  six  feet. 
which,  without  them,  would  be  twelve  feet  apart.  Of  late 
he  has  had  the  surprising  sagacity  to  discover  that  apples 
will  make  pies,  and  it  is  a  question,  if  in  the  violence  of 
his  efforts,  we  do  not  get  one  of  apples  instead  of  having 
both  of  beefsteak.  If  the  ladies  can  put  up  with  such 
entertainment,  and  will  submit  to  partake  of  it  on  plates 
once  tin,  now  iron,  (not  become  so  by  scouring)  I  shall 
be  happy  to  see  them."  The  dinner  part)'  was  at  head- 
quarters, West  Point,  1779. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  observe  that  Dr.  Cochran  was 
indebted  very  much  to  his  observation  and  experience 
while  in  the  British  service,  for  the  great  improvement  he 


208  HISTORY   OF   X.    J-    MEDICINE. 

Cochran. 

made  in  the  hospital  department,  from  the  time  it  was 
put  under  his  charge.  He  seems  to  have  been  providentially 
raised  up  and  trained  for  his  work,  as  no  other  surgeon  in 
the  country  was.  Nor  is  it  necessary  further  to  observe 
and  it  is  to  his  honor  to  add,  that,  while  others  high  in 
the  medical  staff,  were  disgusting  the  public  with  mutual 
charges  and  criminations,  Dr.  Cochran  always  preserved 
the  character  of  an  able  physician  and  an  honest  and  { 
patriotic  man. 

Soon  after  peace  was  declared,  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  New  York,  where  he  returned  to  the  duties  of 
his  profession  in  the  quiet  of  civil  life.  Upon  the  adop- 
tion of  the  new  constitution,  his  friend  President  Wash- 
ington, retaining,  to  use  his  own  words,  "  a  cheerful  recol- 
lection of  his  past  services,"  nominated  him  to  the  office 
of  Commissioner  of  Loans  for  the  State  of  New  York. 
He  held  this  office  till  a  stroke  of  paralysis  disabled  him 
in  the  discharge  of  its  duties.  He  therefore  resigned  and 
retired  to  Schenectady,  New  York. 

The  Doctor  must  have  been  a  favorite  in  the  army. 
During  the  rough  hardships  of  the  war,  the  officers  doubt- 
less had  their  seasons  of  relaxation  and  convivial  mirth. 
It  ma}'  be  presumed  that  song  and  anecdote  abounded, 
for  from  a  song  often  sung  by  the  Doctor,  he  was.  we 
infer,  often  affectionately  addressed  by  Washington  and 
Lafayette  in  their  letters  as  "  Dear  Doctor  Bones." 
After  the  war  the  officers  and  leading  men  of  the  Re\'olu- 
tion,  used  frequently  to  dine  at  each  other's  houses.  On 
one  occasion,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  a  scene  occurred 
of  a  somewhat  startling  character,  at  a  table,  when  Wash- 
ington, Govcrneur  Morris,  the  Doctor  and  many  others 
were  present.  It  was  communicated  to  the  author  of 
these  annals  by  his  friend  Gen.  John  Cochrane,  to  whom  he 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  209 

Cochran. 

is  indebted  for  many  of  the  interesting  memorials  of  this 
sketch.  He  gives  it  in  the  General's  own  words  :  "  It 
seems  that  that  singular  compound  of  ability  and  impu- 
dence, Governeur  Morris,  had  wagered  that  he  would 
take  a  liberty  with  Washington  with  impunity.  Accord- 
ingly at  dinner,  he  was  seated  next  to  Washington,  when 
as  it  drew  to  a  close,  he,  in  the  course  of  narrating  some 
event,  suddenly  turned  towards  Washington  and  slapping 
him  on  the  back,  exclaimed  '  Wasn't  it  so  my  old  boy  !' 
.\  silence,  as  if  of  death,  fell  upon  the  whole  company, 
which  thereupon  disconcerted,  uncomfortably  broke  up." 

Doctor  Cochran  died  at  Schenectady,  April  6th,  1807, 
in  the  seventy-seventh  year  of  his  age.  In  early  life  he 
had  received  impressions  under  the  instructions  of  a  reli- 
gious father,  which  he  never  lost.  Though  he  served 
long  in  the  army,  in  which  men  are  too  apt  to  become 
infidels  and  deists,  he  never  cherished  a  single  doubt  con- 
trary to  the  truths  of  revelation. 

His  remains  were  removed  to  Palatine,  Montgomery 
County,  New  York,  by  his  sons,  where  his  wife  died 
in  March,  18 13,  in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of  her  age,  and 
where  she  was  buried  by  the  side  of  her  husband.  When 
the  Doctor's  sons  afterwards  removed  to  Utica,  they 
caused  the  remains  of  their  parents  to  be  removed  thither. 
There  they  now  repose  in  Forest  Hill  Cemetery. 

Doctor  Cochran  had  three  sons;  John,  who  was  killed 
when  quite  young  by  the  kick  of  ahorse,  James  and  Walter 
Livingston.  James  married  (i)  Elenor  Barclay,  a  sister 
i)f  the  late  John  Barclay,  of  Philadelphia,  and  (2)  his 
cousin,  Catherine  V.  R.,  youngest  daughter  of  Gen. 
Philip  Schuyler  ;  he  died  at  Oswego,  New  York,  at  an 
advanced  age.  They  had  no  surviving  issue.  Walter  L. 
married   Cornelia  W,,  only  daughter  of  Peter  Smith,  of 


2IO  HISTORY   OF    N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Cochran.  Combs.  Condit. 

Peterboro  and  sister  of  the  late  Gerrit  Smith.  He  died 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  August  13th,  1857,  aged  eighty- 
six,  leaving  sons  and  daughters,  of  whom  the  eldest  is 
Hon.  John  Cochrane,  of  New  York. 

When  after  the  Revolution,  the  Thetis  frigate  (British) 
lay  in  New  York  Harbor,  her  commander,  an  uncle  of  the 
celebrated  Lord  Cochran,  (Lord  Cochran  then  being  on 
board  the  frigate  as  midshipman),  visited  Dr.  Cochran 
at  his  house  in  Broadway.  They  there  traced  distinctly 
their  relationship.  The  family  name  has  been  uniformly 
spelled  witiiout  the  "  e  "  final.  It  was  probably  dropped 
when  they  emigrated  from  Paisley  and  came  to  Ireland. ^ 

A  notice  of  the  Doctor,  with  a  portrait,  was  published 
in  the  American  Historical  Record  of  July,  1874. 

David  Combs. 

IN  Memory  of 
DOCT.  DAVID  COMI5S  Son  of 
Joseph  and  James  Combs  who  departed 
THIS  Life  the  iith  of  January  in  the  Year 
OF  OuK  Lord  1795  aged  21  Years  and  8  Months. 
Botli  old  and  young  as  well  as  me 
Must  in  due  lirne  all  buried  be 
Under  the  body  of  cold  clay — 
Just  in  my  prime  I'm  called  away 
AUtho'  I'm  gone  before  its  noon 
Christ  Jesus  thought  it  not  too  soon. 

Inscription  in  Tennent  Cliurchyard,  Freehold. 


John  Condit 
Was   descended    from    John    Condit    wlio    emigrated    to 
America  from  Wales  about  1678.     The  original  name  was 
Conduit,  its  origin  local,  from   residing  near  one.^     John 

1  Med.  Pliilosophical  Register.     Thatcher's  Med.  Biography.     Gen.  Jno.  Coch- 
ran's MSS.  Memorials. 
"  Lower's  Patronymics. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MKDICINE.  211 

CONDIT. 

Condit  came  to  Newark  about  1690.  His  name  appears 
at  that  date  in  its  Town  Records,  spelled  also  Conduit 
and  Cundit.  He  died  in  17 13,  leaving  two  sons — Peter 
and  John,  the  latter  a  minor  who  died  without  issue. 
Peter  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Samuel  Harrison.  His 
will  was  probated  in  the  same  year  as  that  of  his 
father's.  1  The  race  of  Condits  in  Essex  and  Morris 
Counties  has  its  origin  in  Peter.  He  had  issue,  Samuel 
(i),  Peter,  John,  Nathaniel,  Philip,  Isaac  and  Mary. 
Samuel,  who  married  Mary  Dod,  and  who  died  1777, 
aged  81,  had  Daniel,  Jotham,  Samuel  (2),  Martha,  David 
and  Jonathan.  Peter  (2)  and  his  brother  Philip  migrated 
to  Morris  County  and  were  the  heads  of  the  large  family 
tribe  there.  They  changed  the  name  to  Condict  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  the  families  in  the  County  of  their 
nativity.  Peter  {2)  was  the  grand-father,  through  his  son 
Ebenezer,  of  Dr.  Lewis  Condict,  infra. 

Samuel  (2)  married  Mary  Smith  and  had  issue,  Jolin, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  Daniel,  Moses,  Joseph,  Aaron, 
Jotham  and  Samuel. 

Dr.  Condit  was  born  in  Orange,  in  July  8,  1755.  We  have 
no  record  of  his  preliminary  or  professional  education. 
We  know  that  he  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine 
at  an  early  age,  as  at  twenty-one  he  was  commissioned 
"Surgeon  Essex;  Surgeon  Col.  Van  Cortland's  battalion, 
Heard's  brigade,  June  29,  1776."  He  s6on  resigned  and 
returned  to  his  home  to  practise  his  profession. ^ 

The  Doctor  achieved  a  large  success  as  a  physician,  his 
practice    embracing  a  very  wide   circuit   of  the    country 

'  Conger's  genealogies  and  family  records. 

2  In  Clark's  "  History  of  the  Medical  Men  of  Essex  County,"  it  is  stated  that 
he  was  also  a  Colonel  during  the  war.  This  is  an  error.  He  was  commissioned 
Colonel  of  Militia  about  the  commencement  of  the  present  century,  and  was 
quite  generally  known  as  Col.  Condit.     His  uncle,  David,  was  a  Lieut.  Col.  in 


212  HISTORY   OF   X.   J.    MEDICINE. 

CONDIT. 

surrounding.  As  Clark  says  of  him,  "  he  kept  many 
horses  and  was  perpetually  on  the  road."  He  rode  on 
horseback  and  was  careful  in  his  selection  of  fleet  horses. 
It  is  related  of  him  that  owning  one  of  remarkable 
beauty  and  speed  during  the  war,  and  declining  all  offers 
for  its  purchase,  a  band  of  Hessians  laid  in  wait  for  him 
on  a  certain  road  over  which  he  had  passed  to  visit  a 
patient,  intending  to  shoot  him  on  his  return  and  thus 
possess  themselves  of  the  coveted  steed.  It  was  provi- 
dentially ordered  that  the  Doctor  should  return  by 
another  road,  and  thus  preserve  his  life. 

He  was  a  man  of  decided  mark  in  the  community,  and 
gave  his  influence  to  promote  its  welfare.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  founders  and  trustee  of  the  Orange  Academy  in 
1785,  which  b\'  his  exertions  and  those  of  his  associates 
became  an  institution  of  high  standing  in  East  Jersey. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  and  to  the  United 
States  Congress,  and  served  as  a  representative  of  his 
district  for  a  period  of  thirty  years.  This  long  public 
service  interfered  with  the  practice  of  his  profession  and 
led  him  to  accept  the  office  of  Assistant  Collector  of  the 
Port  of  New  York,  in  Jersey  City. 

For  many  years  before  his  death  he  was  attacked  with 
paralysis,  which  laid  him  aside  from  active  duties.  This, 
with  affliction  in  his  family  (the  insanity  of  a  son), 
directed  his  mind,  which  had  been  somewhat  skeptical,  to 
the  contemplation  of  eternal  things.  He  cordially 
embraced  the  truths  of  the  Gospel,  and  for  some  years 
before  his  death  enjoyed  a  Christian  hope  and  died  in 
the  Christian  believer's  peace. 

the  war,  and  fought  at  ^[onmoutll.  The  verity  of  the  incident  related  by  Dr. 
Clark,  of  his  meeting  the  funeral  procession  of  his  father,  as  he  was  returning 
from  the  battle  of  Long  Island  (at  which  he  was),  is  made  void  by  the  fact  that 
his  Hither  died  in  November — two  months  after  the  battle,  and  his  grand-father  in 
seven  months  thereafter. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  213 

CONDIT. 

As  a  man  of  noble  impulses,  an  amiable  loving  friend 
to  all,  of  prompt  and  successful  measures  in  the  emer- 
gencies of  medical  practice,  his  memory  is  still  fragrant 
with  the  few  who  now  survive  to  speak  of  him. 

The  Doctor  married  (i)  Abigail,  daughter  of  Joseph 
Halsey.  By  this  union  he  had  Caleb,  Silas,  Charlotte, 
wife  of  Dr.  John  Ward,  Joseph  and  a  son  who  died  in 
infancy.  Married  (2)  Rhoda,  sister  of  his  first  wife,  had 
John  S.,  Abigail  (Smith),  Jacob. 

Caleb,  John  S.  and  Jacob  died  without  issue.  Silas, 
member  of  Congress,  was  the  father  of  Dr.  John  S.  Condit, 
born  1 801,  died  1848.  Joseph,  the  father  of  Dr.  Charles 
Condit  (who  died  in  1832,  aged  32),  removed  to  Western 
New  York,  where  his  descendants  now  are. 

Dr.  Condit's  remains  lie  in  the  old  parish  burying  place 
of  Orange,  over  which  we  read  the  following  monu- 
mental inscription  : 

Sacred  to  the  memory 

OF 

DOCTOR  JOHN  CONDIT, 
A  PATRIOT,  Soldier  and  Surgeon 

DURING  the  struggles  OF  THIS  COUNTRY 

FOR  FREEDOM. 

A  MEMBER  OF  THE  N.  J.   LEGISLATURE, 

AND  A  Representative  and  Senator 
IN  the  Congress  of  the  U.  S. 

for  30  YEARS 
IN  SUCCESSION. 

His  honors  were  awarded  him 

by  grateful  constituents,  for  his 

Sound  and  vigorous  intellect, 

stern  integrity 

and  unwavering  patriotism 

in  time  of  peril  and  throughout  a  long 

life. 

On  tlie  4th  May,  1834,  he  died 

in  Christian  hope, 
revered — respected — and  beloved 
by  all  who  knew  him 
.  Aged  79  years. 


214  HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

CONDICT. 

Lewis  Coxdict, 
Son  of  Ebenezer  and  a  descendant  of  John  of  Newark, 
1790.  He  was  born  in  Alorristown,  March  3d,  1773,  and 
died  there  in  his  ninetieth  year,  May  26th,  1862.  His 
early  academic  training  was  limited,  as  he  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  in  his  fourteenth  year,  with  Dr.  Timo- 
thy Johnes,  of  his  native  town.  He  subsequently  attended 
lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  received 
its  medical  honors  in  1794.  He  immediately  began  prac- 
tice in  Morristown,  wliere  he  continued  to  reside  till  his 
death.  In  1798  he  married  Martha,  daughter  of  Rev. 
Nathan  Woodhull,  of  Newtown,  Long  Island.  He  soon 
acquired  popularity  as  a  physician,  and  became  active  as 
a  public  man.  In  1805,  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
Assembly,  to  which  he  was  returned  year  by  year  till 
181 1,  when  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  serving  three 
consecutive  terms.  While  in  Washington,  he  was  asso- 
ciated with  Clay,  Madison,  Randolph  and  others  in  the 
formation  of  the  Colonization  Society.  In  1827,  he  was 
made  a  Trustee  of  Princeton  College  and  served  as  such 
till  1 861,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  the  infirmities 
of  age.  In  1838  he  was  again  a  member  of  the  State  Legis- 
lature, and  was  one  of  a  commission  to  settle  the  bound- 
ary line  between  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 

The  responsibilities  of  political  station  did  not  diminish 
his  interest  in  his  profession.  He  was  industrious  and 
enthusiastic  in  efforts  for  its  advancement.  In  18 19  he 
was  elected  President  of  the  State  Society  and  till  within 
a  very  few  years  of  his  death  was  one  of  the  most  con- 
stant attendants  upon  its  meetings. 

Dr.  Cohdict  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  and  an  earnest  supporter  of  its  interests. 
His  children   were   Anna    Byram,    married    Rev.    George 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  21 5 

CONDICT.  •  CONOVER. 

Bush,  1827,  and  died  1829.  Sophia  W.,  married  James 
Cook,  1863.  Silas  S.,  physician,  died  in  Jersey  City. 
Martha  M.,  married  Daniel  A.  Hale,  1834,  died  1835. 
Nathan  W.,  physician,  now  living.  Lewis  Jr.,  died  1838. 
Martha  L.,  married  Rev.  I.  I.  Brandegce.  Four  others 
died  in  early  childhood. 


Samuel  F.  Conover, 
Son  of  Peter  Covenhoven  and  Hannah  Forman,  of  Cross- 
wicks  or  Upper  Freehold,  was  licensed  to  practice  in  New 
Jersey,  in  1788,  and  was  at  that  date  admitted  to  mem- 
bership in  the  Medical  Society.  Subsequent  to  his 
license,  he  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  in  1791,  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  The 
title  of  his  thesis,  which  was  published  and  which  we 
haveseenin  the  library  of  Ur.  Saml.  S.  Purple,  of  New 
York  is  ^s  follows  :  "  Inaugural  Dissertation  on  Sleep  and 
Dreams,  by  Samuel  Forman  Conover,  of  the  State  of 
New  Jerse}',  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  said  State 
and  of  the  American  Medical  Society  of  Philadelphia. 
Dedicated  to  the  Professors  of  the  University"  and  on 
another  page,  "  to  the  Hon.  Elias  Boudinot,  L.L.  D., 
1 791." 

In  the  first  years  of  his  professional  life,  he  lived  in 
Monmouth  County,  at  or  near  Imlaystown,  for  he  had 
there  a  student  of  medicine,  to  whom  he  gave  a  certifi- 
cate, which  he  presented  with  his  other  credentials  for 
license,  in  1791.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  resided  till  his  death. 

He  was  recognized  as  a  man  of  science,  being  elected  a 
member   of  the   American    Philosophical    Society,  about 


2l6  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

CoNovER.  Cooper. 

1804.  In  1806,  he  read  a  paper  before  the  Society.  It  is 
pubHshed  in  Vol.  V.,  of  its  Transactions,  entitled  "  An 
Essay  on  the  Vermilion  Color  of  the  Blood,  and  On  the 
Different  Colors  of  the  Metallic  Oxides  with  an  Applica- 
tion of  These  Principles  to  the  Arts,  by  Samuel  F. 
Conover,  M.  D.,"  read  June  20th,  1806.  In  the  list  of 
members  of  the  Society,  he  appears  as  a  resident  of 
Philadelphia. 

He  died  intestate  in  1824,  aged  about  fifty- eight.  On 
July  9th,  1824,  letters  of  administration  were  granted  to 
Nathaniel  Potts  and  Lewis  II.  Conov^er.  Sureties  quali- 
fied in  the  sum  of  12,000  Dollars.  Inventory  amounted  to 
$7,226.97.  One  item  was  160  volumes  of  "books.  Medi- 
cal History,  at  25  cents  each,  840.00."^ 


John  Cooper 
Was  born  at  Long  Hill,  Morris  County,  New  Jersey, 
March  24th,  1765.  His  great-grandfather  rame  to  Amer- 
ica about  1690,  and  settled  on  the  Hudson  River  near 
New  York.  His  father,  Daniel,  was  a  considerable  land 
owner  and  farmer  at  Long  Hill.  He  was  High  Sheriff  of 
the  county  for  two  terms,  and  for  many  years  a  justice  of 
the  peace.  His  mother,  Ann  Cross,  was  daughter  of  the 
Rev  John  Cross,  an  Irishman  by  birth,  and  the  first  min- 
ister of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Baskingridge,  1732, 
an  intimate  friend  of  Whitfield.  From  tradition  pre- 
served in  the  church  records  Mr.  Cross  seems  to  have  been 
self-willed  and  without  much  regard  to  church  law  or  order, 
Daniel  Cooper,  though  father  of  six  sons  and  five  daugh- 
ters, gave   his   children    the    advantages   of  as    good    an 


'  MSS.  Notes  Will.  J.  Potts,  ct  aliis. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  21/ 

Cooper. 

education  as  could  at  that  period  be  obtained  in  that 
region.  After  preliminary  study,  John  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Caleb  Halstead,  of  Connecticut 
Farms,  and  afterwards  with  Dr.  Melancthon  Freeman,  of 
Middlesex  County.  He  completed  his  medical  course 
with  Drs.  Richard  Bailey  and  Wright  Post,  in  the  city  of 
New  York.  He  was  licensed  to  practice  in  New  Jersey, 
November  6th,  1787,  and  immediately  afterwards  was 
admitted  to  membership  in  the  New  Jersey  Medical 
Societ\'.i 

In  1 791,  proposing  to  leave  the  State,  the  Society 
granted  him  honorable  credentials.  Subsequent  to  this 
he  removed  to  Greenwich,  Warren  County,  where  he 
remained  about  a  year,  and  then  removed  to  Easton, 
Pennsylvania,  in  November,  1794,  where  he  spent  the 
remainder  of  his  life  in  the  pursuit  of  his  calling.  In 
May,  1798.  he  married  Alary,  daughter  of  Arthur  Erwin, 
of  Erwinna,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  who  survived 
him  a  few  years,  By  his  marriage  union  he  had  one  son 
and  four  daughters.  In  1799  he  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Mifflin,  a  Judge  of  Common  Pleas,  which  office 
he  held  continuously  for  more  than  forty  years.  In  1829 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  conferred  upon  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  M.  D.,  a  distinction  so  rarely  and 
carefully  conferred  by  that  institution,  as  to  indicate  the 
reputation  which  he  had  acquired  as  a  medical  man. 

In  his  iiitercourse  with  the  sick,  his  conduct  was  kind, 
sympathizing  and  encouraging.  His  rc])utation  for  skill 
in  his  profession  was  such  that  for  many  3-ears  a  large 
proportion  of  the  most  difficult  cases  were  visited  by  him, 


'  About  thai  period  and  after  the  passage  of  the  act  making  a  license  necessary 
to  practice,  it  was  customary  for  those  seeking  it  to  assemble  at  the  semi-annual 
meetings  of  the  Society  and  subject  themselves  to  examinations  for  licenses. 


2l8  HISTORY    OF   N.   J-    MEDICINE. 

COOPEK. 

in  consultation  with  others,  and  not  until  increasing 
infirmities  prevented,  did  he  cease  to  visit  the  sick  and 
suffering.  lie  was  heroic  in  his  treatment  and  strong  in 
his  convictions  as  to  methods  of  cure.  He  believed  in 
calomel  and  venesection.  Prof.  Traill  Green,  M.  D.,  of 
Easton,  to  whom  the  author  of  this  sketch  is  indebted 
for  much  of  its  material,  relates  that  if  the  Doctor's 
dreams  were  unpleasant  at  night  he  took  a  dose  of 
calomel  the  day  following,  supposing  that  there  was  some 
functional  derangement  which  required  this  agent  for  its 
correction.  He  was  bold  in  the  use  of  the  lancet.  When 
eighty-seven  years  of  age  he  had  an  attack  of  rheuma- 
tism. Dr.  Green  called  to  enquire  concerning  his  health, 
and  was  invited  to  his  chamber.  He  was  glad  to  see  him 
and  said,  "  Here  is  Dr.  Ed.  Smith  who  declined  to  bleed 
me;  his  brother  Joseph  bled  me  seventeen  years  ago  in  a 
similar  attack."  Dr.  Green  replied,  "  Yes,  Doctor,  but 
seventeen  years  added  to  a  man's  life  at  sexxnty  make 
many  changes."  "Yes,  but  I  know  blood-letting  will  do 
me  good."  The  Doctors  deemed  it  best  to  defer  to  his 
wishes,  and  they  bled  him.  He  was  delighted  to  see  the 
blood  flowing  from  his  arm,  and  said,  "  Do  not  stop  it,  it 
will  do  me  good.  I  was  never  charged  with  killing  more 
than  three  of  my  patients  by  blood-letting;  two  are  still 
living  and  one  died  ten  years  after  the  operation,  from 
want  of  bleeding.  1 

In  relations  other  than  those  of  his  profession  Dr. 
Cooper  was  distinguished.  He  was  a  friend  of  good 
order  and  a  supporter  of  the  ordinances  of  religion.  The 
cares  of  business  did  not  interfere  with  his  religious 
duties    or    pre\-ent    his    regular    attendance    upon   public 


1  Transactions  of  Med.  Soc.  of  N.  J.,  1875,  p.  25. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  219 

Cooper.  Cowell. 

worship  and  the  cultivation  of  his  spiritual  privileges. 
He  was  the  firm  friend  of  the  colored  race,  and  a  warm 
advocate  of  the  colonization  scheme.  In  his  public 
capacity  as  Judge  of  the  Court,  he  was  the  faithful  friend 
of  the  orphan,  and  the  trusty  administrator  and  executor 
of  the  estates  of  deceased  friends  and  patients. 

In  domestic  life,  the  traits  which  characterized  the 
good  physician,  the  honored  citizen  and  the  courteous 
Christian  gentleman,  blended  with  the  virtues  of  the 
husband,  the  tenderness  of  the  father  and  the  sympathies 
and  graces  of  private  life.  After  a  protracted  sickness, 
Dr.  Cooper  departed  this  life  February  2d,  1851,  aged  86, 
at  Easton,  Pennsylvania,^ 


David  Cowell 
Was  a  nephew  of  the  Rev.  David  Cowell,  first  minister 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Trenton,  1736.  He 
received  his  academic  degree  at  Princeton,  in  1763, 
studied  medicine  in  Philadelphia  and  settled  in  Trenton, 
where  he  practised  his  profession  till  his  death.  It  is  said 
that  he  served  two  years  as  senior  surgeon  in  the  military 
hospitals.  If  so  it  was  in  another  State,  as  he  was  not 
commissioned  as  surgeon  of  New  Jersey.  He  died  from 
an  attack  of  quinsy,  December  18,  1783.  While  suffer- 
ing from  the  disease,  and  within  a  few  hours  of  his  death, 
he  undertook  to  draft  an  outline  of  his  will.  Being 
unable  to  articulate,  he  hastened  to  make  minutes  of  his 
intentions,  and  the  paper  was  copied  in  the  incomplete 
form   in   which  he  had   drafted  it.      It   began,   "  I,  David 


'  MSS.  Memorials  Prof.  Green.     Newspaper  Sketch,  &c. 


P:20  history   of   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

C0WEI.L. 

Cowell,  being  of  sound  judgment,  but  not  able  to  talk 
much."  One  of  the  first  items  was,  "  My  negro  man, 
Adam,  and  the  whole  affair  to  the  Presbyterian  congrega- 
tion." In  equalh^  brief  and  informal  phrases  he  noted  a 
hundred  pounds  to  the  "  grammar  school  in  Trenton." 
Same  to  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  and  "to  the  Con- 
gress of  the  U.  S.  of  America  one  hundred  pounds  if 
they  settle  themselves  in  Lamberton.^  When  the  copy 
was  ready  for  signature,  he  must  have  become  too  weak 
to  write,  as  it  was  subscribed  by  his  mark.  A  caveat  was 
entered  against  the  probate  of  the  ^\ill,  but  the  surrogate 
admitted  it. 

His  burial  in  the  Presbyterian  churchyard  was  attended 
by  the  trustees,  tutors  and  students  of  the  Academy,  and 
a  very  large  concourse  of  respectable  inhabitants  of 
Trenton.  In  regard  to  the  legacy  to  the  Government,  a 
paper  of  the  day  remarked  that  "it  was  the  first  legacy 
we  recollect  to  have  been  given  to  the  United  States,  and 
is  respectable  for  a  person  of  moderate  fortune." 

In  the  same  paper  (the  N.  J.  Gazette), 

John  Cowell 

Advertises  that  he  has  been  prevailed  upon  by  the  friends 
of  his  deceased  brother  to  establish  himself  as  a  physician 
in  Trenton.  He  lived  but  a  short  time,  as  his  gravestone 
marks  his  death  January  30,  1784,  in  his  30th  year.  ^  He 
is  noticed  in  Stryker's  Register  as  "Surgeon  Militia" 
durins:  the  war. 


1  Lamberton  was  a  suburb  of  Trenton.  At  that  time  there  were  proceedings 
in  Congress  concerning  the  location  of  the  Capitol,  Trenton  being  one  of  the 
places  under  consideration. 

2  Hall's  His.  of  Pres.  Chh.  Trenton,  quoad  David  and  John. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  221 

COXE. 

Daniel  Coxe, 
Never  a  resident  of  New  Jersey,  was  nevertheless  so 
identified  with  the  earher  history  of  the  Province,  that  a 
notice  of  him  is  appropriate  to  our  record.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
London,  where  he  had  a  large  practice.  Having  pur- 
chased in  1687,  of  the  heirs  of  Byllinge,  the  greatest 
part  of  the  proprietary  rights  in  West  Jersey,  he  assumed 
its  government,  at  the  request  of  the  other  Proprietors. 
In  his  letter  to  the  council  of  proprietors,  September  5th, 
1687,  he  says  that  he  has  assumed  the  title  of  Governor, 
and  lays  "  claim  to  the  powers  and  authority  thereto 
annexed ;  and  I  am  resolved,  by  the  assistance  of 
Almighty  God,  to  exercise  the  jurisdiction  by  his  Royal 
Highness,  his  last  deed  or  grant  unto  me  conveyed,  with 
all  integrity  and  faithfulness  and  diligence  for  the  benefit 
and  welfare  of  those,  over  whom  divine  Providence  hath 
constituted  me,  under  our  Sovereign,  superintcndant  or 
chief  overseer."^ 

Barclay  was  at  this  time  Governor  under  the  Proprietors 
in  East  Jersey,  with  whom  Coxe  entered  into  an  agree- 
ment settling  the  line  of  partition  between  East  and 
West  Jersey,  from  little  Egg  Harbor  to  "the  utmost 
north  partition  point,"  and  thence  east  to  the  Hudson 
river. 2  This  line,  though  not  proving  to  be  a  final 
adjustment  of  a  controversy  which  lasted  many  years, 
was,  in  a  general  way,  substantially  the  line  of  division 
finally  adopted. 

In  1691  Coxe  conveyed  the  government  to  the  West 
Jersey    Society,    composed    of    forty-eight    persons,    and 

'  Smith's  History. 
^  Ibid. 


222  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

CoxE.  Craig. 

finally  sold  out  his  interest  to  Sir  Thomas  Lane  for 
;i^9,000.  In  a  few  years  thereafter  (1702)  the  Proprietors 
of  East  and  West  Jersey  surrendered  to  the  Crown  all 
the  powers  of  government  which  they  supposed  were 
vested  in  them,  and  were  confirmed  in  all  their  rights  in 
the  soil  with  the  quit  rents.  In  November  16,  of  the 
same  year,  Lord  Cornbury  was  appointed  by  the  Queen, 
"  Captain -General  and  Governor-in-Chief  of  Nova  Caesa- 
rea  or  New  Jersey  in  America." ^ 

f 


David  Craig. 

The  Craig  family  (Craige,  Crage,  Crag,  Cragg),  came  to 
Elizabethtown  about  1680-85.  Dr.  David  resided  and 
practised  medicine  in  Railway.  He  was  born  1753,  died 
1 78 1.  Dr.  Isaac  Morse  who  spent  most  of  his  life  in 
Elizabethtown,  succeeded  to  Dr.  Craig's  practice.  Dr. 
David  Craig  was  the  father  of  David  S.,  born  1774,  who 
practised  for  a  great  number  of  years  in  Rahway.  We 
find  the  following  monumental  inscription  in  the  burial 
place  of  Rahway. 

"DR.   DAVID  CRAIG  who  departed  this  life 
March  y^  24TH  1781  ag^  28  years  ii  mo.  3  days. 

This  sculptured  Stone  the  living  see"th 
How  one  in  youth  and  vigor  fell 
In  prime  of  life  his  fleeting  breath 
He  yielded  to  the  power  of  death 
No  age  nor  character  but  must 
Repay  to  earth  the  borrowed  dust 
In  silent  slumber  then  to  lay 
Until  ilie  solemn  Judgement  Day." 

»  Ibid. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  223 

Craig.  Ckaven.  Creed.  Cummins. 

John  Craig, 
A  medical  practitioner,  died  in  Haddonfield,  New  Jersey, 
in    1738,  having  resided   there  previous  to  that  time  and 
had  several  children,  as  appears  by  his  will.  ^ 


Gershom   Craven, 
Born    1744 — graduated  at   Princeton  1765.     Practised  in 
Ringoes.     Surgeon  Second  Regiment  Hunterdon  during 
the   war.      Died    18 19.      Noticed    in    History   of  Medical 
Men  of  Hunterdon,  by  John  Blane,  M.  D. 


George  Creed 
Was  a  native  of  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  October  ist,  1735. 
William  Creed,  probably  his  grandfather,  was  among  the 
early  settlers  of  that  town,  being  a  grantee  under  Don- 
gan's  patent,  in  1686.  Dr.  Creed,  upon  commencing 
practice,  settled  for  a  time  in  Flemington  and  then  re- 
moved to  Trenton  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
life.  He  married  Susannah  Coleman,  of  Maidenhead,  in 
1762,  who  died  in  Trenton,  September  1835,  in  her  ninety- 
fourth  year.  The  Doctor  died  suddenly  of  apoplexy, 
while  on  a  visit  to  Jamaica,  about  1775.^ 


Robert  Cummins 
Surgeon's  Mate,  First  Regiment,  Sussex.  ^ 


'  Hon.  John  Clement's  notes. 
»  Hall's  Pres.  Chh.,  Trenton. 
'  Stryker's  Register. 


224  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Darby. 

Rev.  John  Darby 
Was  probably  a  son  or  grandson  of  William  Darbie  (sic) 
who  was  a  resident  of  Elizabethtown  in  1688.  He  was 
born  about  1725,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1748; 
was  licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel  in  April,  1749.  He 
spent  eight  years  on  Long  Island,  preaching  at  several 
places  on  its  eastern  end.  He  removed  thence  to  Con- 
necticut Farms,  New  Jersey,  in  1758,  and  continued  there 
two  years,  when  he  was  settled  as  the  pastor  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  at  Parsippany,  Morris  County,  where  he 
remained  till  his  death,  December,  1805,  aged  ninety. 
During  the  war  he  was  one  of  the  stirring  Presb}'terian 
"rebel  parsons"  of  the  time.  He  was  a  man  of  varied 
attainments.  His  historian  says  of  him  that  during  the 
last  sickness  of  Gen.  Winds,  of  distinguished  Revolutionary 
fame,  he  was  his  physician,  his  lawN'er  in  writing  his  will, 
his  minister  in  affording  the  consolations  of  religion  ; 
upon  his  death  the  preacher  at  his  funeral  and  upon  the 
erection  of  his  monument  the  author  of  the  monumental 
inscription.  He  had  a  reputation  as  a  ph}'sician  and  as  a 
medical  instructor,  pupils  seeking  his  instructions  from 
distant  places.  The  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine was  conferred  upon  liim  in  1782  by  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege. 

He  was  twice  married.  By  his  first  he  had  one  son  and 
two  daughters.  Of  these  two,  one,  the  eldest,  married  a 
British  officer  named  Fox.  His  second  wife  was  Hester 
White  Hunting,  a  widow,  of  East  Hampton,  Long  Island. 
The}'  had  one  son,  Henry  Wliite,  and  two  daughters. 
Helen,  wife  of  Gen.  O'Hara,  and  Lucinda,  wife  of  Chris- 
tian DeVVint. 


Prime's  His.  of  L.  I.     Hatfield's  Elizabeth.     His.  Collec.  of  N.  J. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  225 

Darby.  Darcy 

Henry  White  Darby, 
Son  of  the  preceding,  was  born  1759.  Studied  medicine 
with  his  father  and  probably  obtained  his  preliminary 
education  under  his  instruction.  His  name  does  not  ap- 
pear as  a  graduate  of  any  of  the  colleges  established  in 
his  day.  His  reputation  was  good  as  a  man  of  culture 
and  as  a  physician.  He  pursued  his  calling  in  Parsip- 
pany,  where  he  died  at  the  age  of  forty-seven.  The 
monumental  inscription  in  the  graveyard  of  that  place  is 
as  follows  : 

This  stone  is  erected 
to  the  memory  of 
DOCTR    HENRY  WHITE  DARBY 

WHO    DIED    THE    6TH    OF    DEC.    A.    D.    1806. 
In   the  48TH   YEAR   OF  HIS   AGE. 


John  Darcy, 
.Son  of  Patrick  Darcy,  was  born  in  Cumberland  County, 
October  nth,  1760.  He  married  May  14th,  1784,  Phebe 
Johnes,  a  grand-daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Johnes,  pastor  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Morristown.^  One  of  his  sons, 
recently  died  in  his  eighty-eighth  year.  He  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Jabez  Campfield,  of 
Morristown.  Early  in  the  war  of  1776,  he  enlisted  in  the 
army,  as  Surgeon's  Mate.  Was  commissioned  as  such 
Spencer's  Regt.,  Continental  Army,  January  1st,  1777.^ 
The  regiment  with  which  he  was  connected  was  in  the 
army  under  the  immediate  command  of  Gen.  Washing- 
ton, concerning  whom  and  Gen.  Lafayette,  the  Doctor 
during  his  life,  related  to  his  friends  many  incidents 
of  interest  which  occurred   while  he  was  associated  with 


1  By  this  marriage  union  he  liad  seven  children  :  y//o.  S.,  Eliza,  Timothy  J., 
Carohne,  £d.  A.,  William  and  .Vlexander. 
"  Stryker's  Register. 


226  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Darcy. 

these  distinguished  Generals.  When  Lafayette  visited 
this  country  in  1824,  he  inquired  particularly  after  the 
"young  Surgeon's  Mate  Darc)' "  and  when  on  a  certain 
occasion  he  was  introduced  to  a  relative,  of  the  Doctor, 
the  General,  attracted  by  the  name  and  being  informed 
of  the  relationship  to  his  old  friend,  embraced  him 
cordially. 

Subsequent  to  the  war  he  was  awarded  by  the  United 
States  Government  bounty  lands  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 
He  settled  in  Hanover,  Morris  County,  where  he  pur- 
sued the  practice  of  medicine  as  long  as  his  health 
permitted.  He  was  a  skillful  physician  and  surgeon, 
and  in  the  latter,  department  of  his.  profession  was 
particularly  eminent.  He  was  often  called  to  great 
distances  to  perform  important  operations.  His  practice 
extended  over  a  great  extent  of  country.  Two  of  his 
sons,  JoJin  Stevens  and  Edward  Augustus  studied  medicine 
with  their  f^ither. 

Dr.  Darcy  married  (2)  Phebe  Miller,  April  7th,  1806,  by 
whom  he  had  four  children,  one  son  and  three  daugh- 
ters. The  son  alone  had  issue.  He  died  February  13th, 
1822,  of  inflamirfation  of  the  lungs.  He  possessed  in  early 
life  a  vigorous  constitution  ;  was  highly  esteemed  for  his 
social  qualities,  and  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  entire 
community  as  a  professional  man  and  as  a  patriotic  citizen. 
John  S.  Darcv,  born  in  Morris  County,  February 
24,  1788,  practised  in  his  native  place  till  1832  when  ho 
removed  to  Newark,  where  he  passed  the  rest  of  his  life 
in  the  pursuit  of  his  profession  and  as  an  influential  public 
man.  He  died  in  Newark,  October  22,  1863.  His  obitu- 
ary is  published  in  the  Transactions  of  the  New  Jersey 
Medical  Society,  1864.  He  married  Eliza  Gray,  of  Whip- 
pany.     The  children  of  this  marriage  union  were,  Jose- 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  22/ 

Darcy  Davison.  Dayton. 

phine   Maria  (Tuttle),    Henry   G.,  merchant   in   Newark, 
Caroline  S.  (Garthwaite). 

Edward  Augustus  practised  medicine  at  Long 
Hill  and  Baskingridge  with  much  succe.s.s.  In  1833  he 
was  one  of  the  chief  agents  in^  organizing  a  company  of 
emigrants  to  Illinois.  They  were  gathered  from  Essex, 
Morris,  Somerset  and  Middlesex  Counties.  The  town  of 
Jerseyville,  in  that  State,  owes  its  origin  to  that  move- 
ment. The  Doctor  being  fond  of  surgery,  exercised  his 
skill  for  many  years  in  caring  for  the  surgical  cases  of  his 
newly  settled  home,  but  did  not  attend  to  general  medical 
practice.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Dr.  Hugh 
McEowen.  Had  children,  Ann  Caroline,  married  Fred- 
erick H.  Teese  ;  and  Catharine  McEowen,  married  P.  D. 
Cheney. 


Daniel  Brinton  Davison. 
In  the  Surveyor  General's  office,  Perth  Amboy,  is  a 
deed  recording  the  sale  of  land  April  12th,  1737,  from 
Daniel  Brinton  Davison,  of  the  County  of  Middlesex,  in 
the  Province  of  New  Jersey,  Physician,  to  Josiah  Davi- 
son, of  New  Brunswick.  ^ 


Jonathan  Dayton 
Was  descended  from  Ralph  Dayton,  who  came  to  Amer- 
ica (Boston)  about  1637.  The  next  year  he  was  a  citizen 
of  the  New  Haven  Colony.  1 1  is  name  in  a  covenant  of 
habitancy  there  is  signed  "  Deayghton."  He  lived  in 
that  colony   about   ten    years  ;    is  referred  to  in  its  early 

'  MSS.  Notes  of  Wm.  John  Potts. 


228  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Dayton. 

records  as  "  Goodman  Dayton."^  He  then  removed  to 
East  Hampton,  Long  Island,  with  his  son  Robert,  who 
was  born  in  England  and  came  to  this  country  when  he 
was  about  ten  years  of  age.  His  father  died  on  Long 
Island  in  1657.  Robert  died  in  1712.  The  latter  left  a 
son  Samuel,  born  in  East  Hampton,  in  1666,  and  died  in 
1746,  leaving  six  children,  one  of  whom,  Jonathan,  mi- 
grated to  Elizabcthtown  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  cen- 
tury. He  was  the  father  of  Gen.  Elias  and  grandfather 
of  Hon.  Jonathan  of  that  town,  who  were  active  patriots 
and  distinguished  men  in  the  Revolution.  Another  son 
of  Samuel  was  Nathan,  born  1703,  married  Amy  Stratton, 
November,  1725,  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Strat- 
ton, of  East  Hampton. 2  The  issue  of  this  marriage  was 
nine  children,  of  whom  Dr.  Jonathan  was  the  youngest. 
He  was  born  in  173 1.  He  left  his  paternal  home  in  early 
manhood  and  settled  in  Elizabethtown,  in  the  portion  of 
the  town  afterwards  (1793)  erected  into  the  township  of 
Springfield.  In  1766  he  united  in  the  formation  of  the 
Medical  Society  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  "  In- 
struments of  Association."  He  continued  his  residence 
in  Springfield  till  his  death,  where  he  was  actively  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  His  field  of  med- 
ical service  was  large,  extending  to  Summit  and  New 
Providence.  He  died  in  the  early  years  of  the  war.  The 
house  in  whicli  he  lived  is  still  standing;  one  of  the  three 
houses  which  were  left,  when  the  enemy,  in  1780,  burned 
the  town.  The  cause  of  its  escape  from  destruction  may 
be  inferred  from  the  following  incident :  There  had  been 
stored  in  one  of  its  rooms  a  considerable  amount  of  arms 


*  At  that  early  period  there  was  no  uniformity  in  the  spelling  of  patronymics, 
the  parties  themselves  being  indifferent  to  their  uniformity. 
2  The  progenitor  of  the  Strattons  of  West  Jersey. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  229 

Dayton. 

and  other  munitions  of  war.  When  the  invaders  entered 
the  house  for  plunder,  Mrs.  Dayton  then  a  widow,  per- 
emptorily asked  that  she  might  see  the  officer  of  the  day 
and  forbid  their  further  movements  till  they  should 
receive  further  orders.  The  request  was  granted,  the 
officer  appeared  and  she  informed  him  that  a  member  of 
her  family  was  lying  in  her  house,  seriously  ill  (her  colored 
servant  woman  having  given  birth  to  a  child  the  day  be- 
fore), and  claimed  his  protection  as  an  act  of  humanity. 
The  men  who  were  standing  by  attempted  to  open  the 
door  of  the  magazine,  when  Mrs.  Dayton  urged  her  re- 
quest, repeating  her  statement  that  she  had  a  sick  member 
of  her  family  and  entreated  that  the  door  of  that  room 
should  not  be  opened.  The  officer  yielded  to  her  request 
and  placed  a  guard  at  the  door  of  the  secret  stores,  which 
throughout  the  day  protected  it  from  plunder.  The 
house  is  now  in  good  preservation  and  is  notable  for  a 
hole  in  its  north  end,  made  by  a  cannon  ball  on  the  day 
of  the  battle.  Dr.  Dayton  had  a  son  William  IV.,  who 
studied  medicine  and  commenced  practice  with  his  father. 
He  died  early. ^ 

The  following  monumental  inscriptions  are  copied  from 
headstones  in  the  new  graveyard  at  Springfield  to  which 
they  have  been  removed  : 

Here  Lieth 

interr'd  the  Remains  of 

DOCT'R  JONATHAN  DAYTON 

who  deceas'd  augt  y"  26 

Anno  Domini  1778 

In   the  XLVII 

year  of  his 

AGE. 


'  Had  daughters,  Mary,  married  William  §teele.  New  York ;  Maryaret,  mar- 
Thomas  Salter,  Elizabethtown  ;  other  daughters  who  died  young. 


230  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Dayton. 

KETUKAH  WIDOW  of   Dr.  Jonathan 
Dayton  died  Nov  ii,  1798  aged  63." 

"This  stone  has  been  erected  by  an 
Affectionate  Mother  to  the  Memory 

OF   HER   only    son 

DOCT.  WILLIAM  W.  DAYTON 

WHO    DEPARTED    THIS   LIFE    Mak.     5     I788 
IN    THE    24TH    YEAR    OF   HIS    AGE. 

Dr.  Da}-ton  died  intestate;  the  administrators  of  his 
estate  were  Keturah  Dayton  administratrix  and  Eh'as  and 
Jonathan  I.  Dayton,  administrators. ^  9 


Jonathan  I.  Dayton. 
was  a   practitioner    of  Medicine  in    Elizabethtown.     He 
was  born  in  1738. 

Married  Mary  Terril  (Terrill)  Mar.  3,  1770,  who  died 
the  latter  part  of  the  year  1790  or  soon  after.  He  was 
held  in  high  esteem  as  a  physician  and  was  very  popular. 
During  the  war  we  infer  that  he  was  a  loyalist  or  neutral, 
as  in  September  30,  1777,  he  was  cited  to  appear  before  the 
Committee  of  Safety  as  a  dangerous  person  and  on  October 
2d,  entered  into  recognizance  in  the  sum  of  ;^300,  for  his 
appearance  at  the  next  term  of  the  court.  He  subse- 
quently took  and  subscribed  the  Oaths  of  abjuration  and 
allegiance. 

He  died  October  19th,  1794.  In  the  jVi'zv  Jersey 
yournal  he    is    thus  noticed, 

"  Sunday  was  interred  in  the  Presbyterian  burying'  ground,  in  the 
fifty-seventh  year  of  his  age,  all  that  was  mortal  of  Dr.  Jonathan  I. 
Dayton,  who  for  many  years  labored  under  a  paralytic  affection  which 
greatly  impaired  his  bodily  and  mental  faculties.     As  there  was  no 


'  Thompson's  His.  of  L.  I.,  W'ni .  Halls  Newspaper  Skf  tcli,  Hatfield's  Elizabeth 
et  aliis. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  23 1 

Dayton.  Dessigny.  Dick. 

■prospect  of  his  emerging  from  the  pitiable  situation  he  was  in,  his 
relatives  and  friends  must  feel  a  melancholy  pleasure  in  reflecting  that 
his  sufferings  are  terminated.  As  a  physician  he  was  popular  ;  as  a 
member  of  Society,  useful  and  enterprising ;  as  a  husband,  kind  and 
affectionate  ;  as  a  parent,  tender  and  indulgent.  In  short,  he  possessed 
many  of  the  social  virtues." 

He  left  two  daughters,  Phebe,  married  Jonathan  Wade, 
and  CorneHa  R.  who  married  a  relative,  viz.,  Horace  a  son 
1  if  Elias  Dayton.  ^ 


Peter   Dessigny 
is  noticed  by  William  A.   Whitehead  in   his   History  of 
P.  Amboy,  &c.,  as  a  physician  or  "  chirurgeon  "  resident  at 
Woodbridge.      He  married  Ann,  widow  of  Robert  Rogers 
in  August,  1685,  who  was  yet  living  in  1692. 


Samuel  Dick 
Was  of  Scotch  Irish  descent,  the  third  son  of  Rev.  John 
Dick,  a  Presbyterian  Minister  from  the  North  of  Ireland, 
who  is  supposed  to  have  come  to  America  about  1735. 
He  was  settled  as  a  minister  at  New  Castle,  Delaware 
from  1746  till  his  death  in  174S.  Dr.  Dick  was  born 
November  14,  1740,  at  Nottingham  Prince  George  County, 
Maryland.  He  was  educated  by  Samuel  Finlcy,  afterwards 
President  of  Princeton  College,  Gov.  Thomas  McKean, 
of  Delaware  and  Rev.  Dr.  McVVhorter,  of  Newark,  N.  J. 
Under  their  instruction  he  laid  the  foundation  of  classical 
attainments  of  a  high  order.  His  medical  education  is 
-supposed  to  have  been  pursued  in  Scotland.  According 
to  the  family  record,  being  then  nineteen  years  of  age,  he 
served  as  Surgeon's  mate  in  the   Colonial  Army  in  the 


R.-v.  Win.  Hall,  ctaUis. 


232  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Dick. 

French  and  English  war  and  was  present  at  the  surrender 
of  Quebec.  In  1770  he  settled  with  his  mother  in  Salem, 
N.  J.,  where  he  continued  his  residence  and  the  practice 
of  his  profession  till  his  death.  In  October,  1773,  he 
married,  at  Philadelphia,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Andrew 
Sinnickson,  a  gentlemen  of  wealth  and  prominence  in 
Salem  County.  In  1776  he  served  in  the  Provincial 
Congress,  of  New  Jersey,  being  one  of  the  committee  of 
ten  appointed  to  draft  a  constitution  of  the  State.  By 
that  Congress  he  was  commissioned  June  20,  1776,  Colonel 
of  the  W^estern  Battalion  of  State  troops  of  Salem  County, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  as  an  active  and  zealous 
officer,  when  not  engaged  in  civil  duty.  In  1780  he  was 
appointed  Surrogate  of  Salem  County,  by  Governor  Liv- 
ingston by  whom  he  was  highly  esteemed.  This  office 
he  held  for  twenty-two  years.  On  November  23,  1783  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  National  Congress  and  was 
a  member  of  that  body  when  the  treaty  was  ratified  ac- 
knowledging the  independence  of  the  United  States.  In 
the  year  1783-4-5  he  was  in  Congress  when  it  met  at  An- 
napolis, New  York  and  Philadelphia.  He  was  one  of  the 
"  Grand  Committee"  appointed  to  revise  the  Treasury 
department,  and  report  such  alterations  as  it  might  think 
proper;  was  also  one  of  the  committee  selected  to  sit 
durin":  the  recess  of  Congress.  With  some  of  the  mem-  f-' 
bers  of  Congress  with  whom  he  had  served  in  committee, 
he  formed  friendships  which  continued  through  life.  He 
was  from  early  life  on  intimate  terms  of  friendship  with 
Benjamin  Rush  and  Dr.  James  Craik,  a  Scotchman  who 
settled  in  Virginia  and  who  held  a  position  in  the  Conti- 
nental Army  and  was  afterwards  the  famil}-  physician  of 
Washington.     In  1789  Dr.  Dick  was  again  nominated  to 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  233 

Dick. 

Congress,  but  declined  to  accept.  The  following  letter 
from  Governor  Livingston,  on  the  subject,  shows  the  es- 
timation in  which  he  was  held  by  that  distinguished 
patriot, 

Elizabethtown,  Januan-  25,  1789. 
Dear  Sir : 

Be  persuaded  that  it  is  not  through  willful  neglect  that  I  have  not 
until  now  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  7th  inst.  1 
make  it  a  rule  to  answer  every  letter,  from  the  meanest  creature  in 
human  shape,  as  soon  as  I  have  leisure  to  do  it ;  and  I  cannot  there- 
fore be  supposed  inattentive  to  those  gentlemen  of  distinction  and 
gentlemen  who  are  endeared  to  me  by  old  acquaintance  and  the 
amiableness  of  their  characters.  But  the  conjunction  of  bodily  indis- 
position, and  the  greater  variety  of  public  indispensible  business  that 
1  have  for  a  considerable  time  past  met  \\ith,  made  it  impossible  for 
me  to  do  myself  the  pleasure  of  discharging  so  agreeable  an  ofhce  as 
that  of  answering  sooner  than  I  now  do.  But,  my  dear  sir,  I  wish 
you  had  given  me  a  more  agreeable  commission  to  execute,  than  I  find 
I  must,  according  to  the  tenor  of  your  letter,  carry  into  execution. 
Your  requests,  it  is  true,  shall  always  with  me  carrj'  with  them  the 
nature  of  a  command  ;  but  I  am  sorry  that  your  present  one — "  aut 
volens  aiit  nolens"  he  considered  mandatory,  for  it  seems  you  have 
left  me  no  other  choice  than  the  alternative  of  erasing  your  name 
from  the  "List  of  Nominations,"  or  to  write  against  it,  "Dr.  Dick 
declines  to  sene."  I  had  a  particular  reason  to  wish  you  to  stand  as 
a  candidate,  and  finally  appear  to  be  one  of  the  four  elected,  because 
(without  compliment  I  say  it),  though  we  ha\e  had  many  in  Congress, 
who  in  other  respects  were  possessed  of  such  qualifications  as  men  in 
that  station  ought  to  be  endovvcd  with,  a  great  part  of  them  have  been 
totally  destitute  of  that  knowledge  of  mankind,  and  that  certain  polite- 
ness, which  Lord  Chesterfield  calls  attention,  without  which  the 
greatest  talents  in  other  things  will  never  make  a  man  influential  in 
such  assemblies.  Ikit  if  it  must  be  so  that  either  you  cannot  or  will 
not  go,  I  must  submit.  *  *  *  *  •■■ 

Believe  me, 

Your  most  humble  Serwant, 

To  Dr.  Samuel  Dick,  WILL^'    LIVINGSTON." 

Salem,  N.  J. 


234  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Dick.  Dickinson. 

In  private  life  Dr.  Dick  was  highly  respected,  being 
possessed  of  fine  talents  and  polished  manners.  To  a 
vigorous  intellect  he  united  a  taste  refined  by  a  life-long 
cultivation  of  the  classics.  He  enjoyed  an  enviable  repu- 
tation for  skill  in  his  profession,  and  was  a  successful  and 
discerning  politician.  He  died  in  Salem,  November  i6, 
1812,  leaving  a  widow  and  five  children,  all  now 
deceased. ^ 


Rev,  Jonathan  Dickinson. 

The  distinguished  services  and  imperishable  fame  of 
this  learned  theologian,  and  eminent  civilian  as  well,  need 
no  memorial  in  our  record.  It  is  nevertheless  proper  to 
notice  that  to  his  services  as  an  in\'aluable  counsellor  and 
organizer  in  defence  of  popular  rights;  and  as  a  theolo- 
gian, of  whom  Erskine,  of  Edinburgh,  said  that  "  the 
British  Isles  have  produced  no  such  writers  on  Divinity 
in  the  eighteenth  century  as  Dickinson  and  Edwards,"  he 
added  to  his  accomplishments  the  study  and  practice  of 
the  healing  art.  As  a  physician  he  acquired  a  high  repu- 
tation. The  letter  on  the  Throat  Distemper,  published 
in  Part  I.,  gives  evidence  of  a  mind  skilled  in  the  appre- 
ciation of  morbid  phenomena  and  an  enlarged  knowledge, 
for  his  time,  of  the  principles  of  cure. 

He  died  in  Eliz'town, — to  which  he  came  as  a  young 
minister,  not  twenty-one  }'ears  of  age, — October  7,  1747) 
in  his  sixtieth  year.  II is  remains  repose  in  the  Presbyte- 
rian cemetery.  2 


>  MSS.  Family  Memorials. 
«  Hatfield's  Elizabeth,  &c. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  235 

Dickinson.  Dimsdale. 

John   Dickinson. 

In  Memory  of 

DR.  JOHN  Dickinson, 

Who  departed  this  life  September  16,  1834, 
Aged  75  years,  ii  months  and  5  days. 

Inscription  in  the  Old  Baptist  graveyard,  at  Cape  May  Court  House. 


Robert  Dimsdale 
Came  to  America  with  Wm.  Penn  in  1683.  It  doe.s  not 
appear  that  he  attempted  to  make  for  himself  a  profes- 
sional record  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  man  of  wealth, 
and  his  purpose  in  becoming  a  resident  seemed  to  be  to 
increase  his  estate  by  speculation  in  its  inviting  lands. 
His  large  purchases,  both  in  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  his  character  as  a  good  citizen  and  worthy 
"  Friend,"  have  left  their  impress  upon  New  Jersey 
history,  and  entitle  him  to  a  place  in  our  record  of  the 
early  physicians  of  the  State. 

He  located  a  large  tract  of  land  south  of  Mt.  Holly,  in 
Burlington  County,  on  both  sides  of  a  stream  of  water 
called  Dimsdales  Run.  On  this  tract  he  built  a  large  brick 
house  and  cleared  a  farm. 

While  in  this  country  he  contracted  a  second  marriage 
with  Sarah,  daughter  of  Francis  Collins,  who  came  from 
the  Parish  of  Stepney,  Middlesex,  England,  and  settled 
in  Newton  Township,  Gloucester  County,  in  1682.  His 
estate  of  five  hundred  acres  in  that  town  he  named 
"  Mountwell."  This  marriage  took  place  some  time  prior 
to  1686.  In  1688  he  returned  to  England  and  resided 
there  till  his  death,  in  1718.1  After  the  Doctor's  death, 
his  widow   returned   to  New   Jersey  and   resided  at  Had- 

•  Hon.  Jno.  Clement. 


336  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

DiMSDALE. 

donfield  until  her  death,  in  1739.  She  was  an  eminent 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  an  intimate 
acquaintance  of  Elizabeth  Estaugh,  who  was  a  witness  to 
her  will.  In  1686  Francis  Collins  married  Mary,  widow 
of  Dr.  John  Gosling.  Previous  to  this  marriage,  a  deed 
of  trust  was  executed  conveying  the  Mountwell  property 
to  his  son-in-law,  Robert  Dimsdale,  and  James  Budd,  to 
and  for  the  use  of  such  children  as  might  be  the  issue  of 
such  marriage,  which  was  done  to  guard  against  the  law  of 
descents.  This  was  defeated  in  17 16,  when  Francis  Col- 
lins and  his  wife  conveyed,  together  with  the  trustees,  the 
Mountwell  tract  to  the  eldest  son,  Joseph,  and  in  171 7 
the  other  children  of  the  second  marriage  released  their 
right  to  the  same  to  their  elder  brother. ^ 

Joseph  Smith,  of  London,  in  his  bibliography  "  The 
Catalogue  of  Friends'  books,"  says  of  the  above  physician  : 
"  Robert  Dimsdale,  of  Hertford,  where  he  suffered  im- 
prisonment sometime  of  Bishop  Stortford.  In  1684  he 
accompanied  \Vm.  Penn  to  America,  but  returned  in  a 
few  years  and  settled  at  Theydon  Garnon,  near  Epping, 
Essex.  Robert  Dimsdale's  advice.  How  to  use  his  med- 
icines (in  the  several  distempers  within  mentioned),  as 
also  where  they  are  to  be  had,  with  their  prices,  which  he 
chiefly  designed  for  his  old  Friends  and  acquaintance  who 
earnestly  desired  it  of  him  before  he  left  England;  and 
to  them  they  are  chiefly  commended.  London:  Printed 
and  Sold  by  John  Bringhurst,  at  the  sign  of  the  Book 
and  Three  Blackbirds,  in  Leadew  Hall,  Mutton  Market, 
4to,  1684."  Dr.  Dimsdale  was  confined  in  the  prison  in 
Hertfordshire  for  practising  without  a  Bishop's  license. 
He  was  a  man  of  much  talent  in  his  profession,  and  an 
inventor  of  some  popular  nostrums. 


»  Hon.  Jno.  Clement. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  23/ 

DiMSDALE.  Doughty.  Dougan. 

In  Wm.  Penn's  private  record  of  lartds  sold  in  Penn- 
sylvania, occurs:  "  22d  May,  1682,  Robert  Dimsdalc, 
5,000  acres,  price  paid,  £2^."  In  Read's  map  of  Penn- 
sylvania, among  the  purchasers  of  land  is  named  "  Robert 
Dimsdale,  of  Edmonton,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex, 
Chirurgeon." 

Thomas  Dimsdale,  Baron,  son  of  John  and  grandson  of 
Thomas  (i),  was  a  physician  in  England,  eminent  for  his 
diffusion  of  the  practice  of  inoculation  for  the  small  pox, 
which  led  to  an  invitation  from  Catharine,  Empress  of 
Russia,  in  1768,  to  visit  St.  Petersburg  for  the  purpose  of 
introducing  inoculation.  For  this  he  was  honored  with 
liigh  rank.  He  was  a  member  of  Parliament  in  1780-4. 
Me  lost  his  sight  by  cataract,  for  which  he  was  success- 
fully operated  upon  by  Wentzell.^ 


Charles  Doughty  (Doty) 
Received  his  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  at  King's  College, 
New  York,  in  1768,  and  Bachelor  of  Medicine  at  the  same 
in  1772.  That  he  lived  in  New  Jersey  in  1774,  appears 
from  his  admission  to  membership  of  the  Medical  Society 
in  that  year.  He  probably  left  upon  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war,  as  his  presence  at  the  meetings  of  the  Society 
are  not  noted,  and  we  find  him  a  surgeon  in  Col.  Delan- 
cy's  battalion,  in  1782.2 


Henry  Dougan 
Was  elected  to  membership  in  the  Medical  Society  at  the 
-ame  time  with  the  foregoing,  May    10,  1774.      His  name 
does  not  appear  at  any  subsequent  meeting. 

•  MSS.  Notes  by  Wm.  John  Potts,   W.   K.   B.    Thomas,   F.  W.  Earl,    Jno. 
Clement,  in  Proceedings  of  W.  Jersey  Surveyor's  Asso.     Blake's  Biog.  Diet. 
'  Sabine's  Loyalist.     Triennial  King's  College. 


1 
i 

4 

7 

238  HISTORY   OF   N.   J,    MEDICINE.  f 

Drake.  Draper.  | 

d 

Henry   Drake. 

Born  in  New  Brunswick  in  1773.  His  father  was  James 
Drake,  the  owner  and  proprietor  of  the  Indian  Queen 
Hotel,  of  that  place.  As  New  Brunswick-  was  on  the 
route  of  travel  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  this 
hotel  was  noted  as  a  resting  place  for  travelers.  John 
Adams,  Jefferson,  Burr  and  other  distinguished  men 
sought  the  comforts  of  the  hostlery.  The  elder  Wallack, 
while  traveling  in  his  own  carriage,  met  with  an  accident  j 
while  crossing  the  Raritan  Bridge,  by  which  his  leg  was 
fractured.  He  became  an  inmate  of  this  house  during 
his  enforced  confinement.  The  New  Jersey  Medical 
Society,  when  it  met  at  New  Brunswick,  frequently  met 
"at  the  house  of  James  Drake."  The  son,  Henry, 
studied  medicine  and  was  reputed  as  a  man  of  some 
talent  and  skill  in  his  profession.  He  abandoned  prac- 
tice and  assumed  the  management  of  the  hotel,  becoming  ij 
its  proprietor.  In  his  moral  relations  he  bore  an  unen- 
viable character.  He  was  a  horse  racer,  a  cock  fighter 
and  a  hard  drinker;  a  keeper  of  harlots,  and  noted  for  his 
profanity.  He  died  December  24,  1817,  aged  forty-four. 
"  The  years  of  the  wicked  shall  be  shortened." 

His  remains  arc  buried  in  Christ  churchyard. 


Geo.  Draper. 
Surgeon  Militia;   Surgeon  Hospital,  fl)'ing  camp.^ 
Toner,  in  his  Annals  of  Medical  Progress,  notes  him  asj 

ainong    the    New    York    army    surgeons    of   the    Revo-j 

lution. 


'  Striker's  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N,   J.    MEDICINE.  239 

Dubois.  Dunham. 

Benjamin  Dubois. 
Son  of  Rev.  Benjamin  Dubois,  of  Freehold.  Born 
March  4,  1780.  Studied  medicine  in  New  York  ;  admit- 
ted to  practice  in  New  Jersey  in  1801.  Remained  in  his 
native  State  till  1805,  when  he  removed  to  Franklin, 
Warren  County,  Ohio,  where  he  pursued  his  profession  to 
the  close  of  his  life.^ 


Lewis  Dunham 
Was  the  son  of  Col.  Azariah,  grandson  of  Rev.  Jonathan, 
of  Piscataway,  and  great-great-grandson  of  Edmond,  who 
was  the  first  white  child  born  in  Middlesex  County.  His 
father,  Azariah,  was  an  active  Revolutionary  patriot.  In 
1775  he  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly  from 
Middlesex.  Was  selected  by  the  Whigs  as  one  of  the 
committee  of  correspondence  for  the  county,  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  Provincial  Congress,  and  held  other  important 
offices  growing  out  of  the  Revolutionary  period. 

Dr.  Dunham  was  born  in  New  Brunswick  in  1754^  and 
died  August  26th,  1821.  He  commenced  practice  in 
New  Brunswick  and  continued  it  till  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war.  He  was  commissioned  Surgeon,  Third  Bat- 
talion, First  Establishment,  February  21st,  1776;  Sur- 
geon, Third  Battalion,  Second  Establishment,  November 
28th,  1776;  Surgeon,  Third  Regiment;  resigned. ^  He 
became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in  1783,  and 
was  constant  in  his  attendance  upon  its  meetings.  He 
was  elected  President  in  1791,  again  in  t8i6.  Upon 
retiring  from  the  chair  the  first  time,  he  read  a  dissertation 


>N.  J.  His.  Soc.  Cull. 
'  Stryker's  Register. 


240  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Dunham. 

on  the  beneficial  effects  of  bathing.      His  character  is  set 
forth  in  the  monumental  inscription  over  his  remains  in 
the  Presbyterian  churchyard  of  New  Brunswick. 
"  Here  lie  the  remains 

OF 

DR.    LEWIS   DUNHAM 
WHO  DIED  .August  26  1821 

AGED   65 

Few  men  have  ever  shown  greater  energy  of  character  wisely  and  uniformly 
directed  in  all  the  relations  of  life.  Truly  a  patriot,  during  the  whole  war  of  in- 
dcpendance,  he  was  to  his  country  a  devoted  son.  In  peace  he  resumed  his  pro- 
fession in  this  his  native  place  ;  and  during  a  practice  of  more  than  forty  years  he 
was  indefatigable  beyond  expression.  He  was  tender  and  skillful,  to  multitudes 
the  blessed  instrument  of  restored  health.  As  a  friend  and  a  relative  he  knew  no 
change.  Affectionate  and  ardent  in  social  life,  sincere  and  independent  in  iiis 
principles,  he  early  acquired  and  always  retained  the  highest  confidence  of  his  fel- 
low-citizens. He  crowned  a  life  of  usefulness  witli  a  walk  and  e.xample  so  chris- 
tian; He  died  so  calm  and  collected,  so  full  of  hope,  and  of  humble  trust  in  the 
Blood  of  the  Atonement  as  to  leav#  to  all  the  consoling  belief  The 

Spark  that   animated   him  from    Deity   given,  now   beams  a  glorious  Star   in 
Heaven." 


I 


Jacob  Dunham 

Was  a  brother  of  the  forcL^oing,  born  in  New  Brunswick, 
September  29th,  1767,  and  died  August  7th,  1832.  He 
attended  lectures  in  Philadelphia  when  he  was  nineteen 
or  twenty  years  of  age  and  was  a  classmate  of  Dr.  Wil 
liam  P.  Dewees,  with  whom  lie  corresponded  as  long  as 
he  lived.  There  was  a  cordial  intimacy  between  them 
Dewees  always  sent  him  "author's  copies"  of  his  works 
as  they  were  published. 

The  Doctor's  practice  was  an  extensive  one,  in  New 
Brunswick  and  the  adjacent  country,  extending  to  Bound 
Brook  on  the  north,  Six  Mile  Run  and  Berrian's  Tavern, 
-,)n  the   west,  Milestone,  (then    Dunham's  Corner)  Wash 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J-    MEDICINE.  24I 

Dunham.  Edgar. 

ington,  Old  Bridge  and  Cross  Roads,  on  the  south,  and 
I'iscataway,  Woodbridge  and  Metuchen,  on  the  east. 
Mis  tombstone  in  the  churchyard  of  Christ  Church,  New 
Jirunswick  bears  the  inscription  : 

In  memory 

OF 

JACOB  DUNHAM,  M.  D. 

WHO 

Departed  this  life 
August  7Th,  1832 
Aged  65  years. 


Alexander    Edgar 

W  as  a  native  of  Rahway,  a  son  of  WiHiani  and  grandson 
i<r  Thomas,  who  came  from  Scotland  about  171 5  or  '20. 
At  the  May  meeting  of  the  Medical  Society,  at  Prince- 
ton, 1784,  he  was  admitted  a  member  after  an  examina- 
tion as  to  his  acquirements.  At  the  same  sitting,  he  stated 
tJKit  he  intended  to  practice  in  a  remote  part  of  the  State 
aud  desired  such  credentials  as  might  be  agreeable  to  the 
Society.  A  testimonial  was  drawn  and  approved  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  To  whom  it  may  concern, 
Let  this  certify,  that  the  bearer,  Dr.  Alexander  Edgar  was  this  day 
ixamined  by  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  and  was 
lound  sufficiently  qualified  to  become  a  member,  and  that  the  Said 
Society  do  recommend  him  as  a  person  capable  of  the  practice  of 
pliysic  and  surgery  to  any  people  among  whom  he  may  reside." 

The  Society  had  heretofore  given  credentials  to  apply- 

ig  members  who  were  about  to  leave  the  State.      This  is 

the  only  case  in  which  they   were  granted   to  a  resident. 

Dr.   Edgar  does  not  seem  to   have  made  any  professional 

record.     He  never  married  and  died  young,  as  a  stranger 


i^l  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.   MEDICINE. 

Edgar.  Eaton.  Elmer. 

in  Albany,  New  York.  No  particulars  of  him  could  be 
satisfactorily  obtained  by  his  family,  nor  could  his  grave 
ever  be  identified. 


Joseph  Eaton. 
The  first  settler  of  the  name  of  Eaton  in  Monmouth 
County,  was  Thomas,  who  came  to  Middletown  and 
thence  to  Shrewsbury,  in  1680.  He  was  related  to  Theo- 
philus  and  Samuel  Eaton  of  the  New  Haven  Colony. 
Dr.  Eaton  was  the  son  of  John,  who  gave  name  to  Eaton- 
town.  He  died  April,  1750,  and  was  buried  in  the 
Friends'  burying  ground.  ^  The  only  memorial  we  can 
find  of  the  Doctor  is  the  record  of  his  tombstone  in  the 
Shrewsbury  churchyard,  viz. : 

In  memory  of 
UOCTR  JOSEPH    EATTON 

WHO   DEPARTED    THIS   LIFE 

April  the  5TH  A.  D.  1761, 

IN    the   44TH   YEAR    of   HIS   AGE 

He  had  a  sister  Valeria,  who  married  Dr.  Peter 
Leconte,  of  IMiddletown,  and  who  died  in  1788,  in  Orange, 
New  Jersey,  in  her  seventy-second  year.  Her  remains 
are  laid  in  the  old  parish  burial  place  of  that  town,  and  a 
monument  erected. 


Elmer. 

The   family  of  Elmer  in  New    Jersey  descended  from 

Edward,   who    came    to  America  with   the   company  of 

forty-seven,  who  comprised  the  church  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 

Hooker,  in  1632.      This  company  constituted  a  church  in 


'  Newspaper  sketch  in  Monmouth  County  Jerseyman. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  243 

Elmer. 

Cambridge,  Massachusetts.  In  1636,  with  their  minister, 
and  carrying  Mrs.  H.  on  a  litter,  driving  one  hundred 
and  sixty  head  of  cattle,  for  the  sake  of  their  milk  to 
use  on  the  way,  and  to  stock  a  new  settlement,  went 
across  the  wilderness  to  Hartford,  Connecticut.  Elmer 
was  a  magistrate  and  a  proprietor  in  that  town.  On  the 
occasion  of  the  great  schism  in  Hartford,  in  1655,  he 
joined  the  settlers  in  North  Hampton.  He  afterwards 
returned  to  Hartford  in  1660  and  made  large  land  pur- 
chases in  what  is  now  South  Windsor,  and  resided  there 
till  killed  by  the  Indians,  in  King  Philip's  War,  in  1676. 
The  family  name  was  originally  Aylmer,  in  late  years 
Aimer.  Edward  is  believed  to  have  been  a  grand-son  of 
John  Aylmer,  educated  at  Oxford,  a  protestant,  and  a 
tutor  of  the  unfortunate  Lady  Jane  Grey.  He  was  made 
Bishop  of  London  by  the  name  of  John  Elmer.  ^ 

The  Elmer  family  is  distinguished  throughout  its  gen- 
erations for  the  number  of  the  medical  men  which  it  has 
produced.  In  the  last  century,  there  were  eminent  phy- 
sicians of  the  name,  both  in  East  and  West  Jersey. 2  We 
notice  first  those  of  the  latter. 


1  Elmer  family,  privately  printed. 

^  Edward  Elmer,  died  1676,  bad  children,  John,  Samuel,  Edward,  Joseph,  Mary, 
Elizabeth,  Sarah. 

Samuel,  born  1649,  died  i6gi,  had  Samuel,  Edward,  Jonathan,  Daniel. 

(Rev.)  Daniel  Elmer  (i),  born  1689,  died  1755,  had  Daniel,  Margaret,  Molly, 
Elizabeth,  Rhuma,  Theophiliis,  Theodoras. 

Daniel  (2),  born  1715,  died  1761,  had  Joinithan,  Ebenezer  and  others. 

Dk.  Jonathan,  born  1745,  died  1817,  married  Mary  Seeley,  had  children,  the 
(inly  one  leaving  descendants  was  William. 

Dr.  IVilliam  (i),  born  1788,  died  1836.  Married  (i)  Nancy  B.  Potter;  had 
Jonathan,  PF////rt;«,  David  P.  mairied  (2)  Margaret  K.  Potter,  had  issue,  Mary, 
N'ancy  P.,  Benjamin  V.,  William. 

Dr.  William  (2),  born  1814,  married  December,  1839,  Eliza  R.  Whitely.  He 
survives.  Biography  in  Toner's  "  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association."  Has 
had  children,  William,  Margaret  K.,  Macomb  K.,  Henry  W.,  Lewis  B.,  died 
1852. 

Dr.  William  (3),  born  1840,  now  settled  in  Trenton.  Married  Alice  Gray  and  has 
children  William,  Walter  G.,  Arthur  R. 


244  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Elmer. 

Jonathan  Elmer, 
The  son  of  Rev.  Daniel  (2)  was  born  at  Cedarville, 
Cumberland  County,  November  29,  1745,  and  died  at 
Bridgeton,  September  3,  18 17.  He  was  one  of  the  ten 
who,  first  in  this  country,  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Three 
years  thereafter  he  was  advanced  to  the  degree  of  l\I.  D. 
He  engaged  actively  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  and 
acquired  a  high  reputation  as  a  physician.  At  the  time 
of  his  decease,  L.  H.  Stockton,  Esq.,  in  a  short  notice  of 
him  in  the  Trciiton  Federalist,  says  that  "  in  medical 
erudition  the  writer  remembers  his  illustrious  cotemporary 
the  late  Dr.  Rush  frequently  say  that  he  was  exceeded  by 
no  ph)'sician  in  the  United  States."  He  laid  aside  how- 
ever, the  duties  of  his  chosen  calling  for  those  of  political 
and  civil  life,  owing  doubtless  to  the  stirring  period  in 
which  he  lived.  He  was  an  ardent  friend  of  regulated 
liberty  and  entered  with  an  earnest  spirit  into  the  meas- 
ures of  opposition  to  the  encroachments  of  British  tyranny. 
When  committees  of  vigilance  were  appointed  he  was  one 
of  them.  It  was  with  their  secret  sanction  that  a  com- 
pany of  men  in  disguise  seized  the  tea  stored  at  Green- 
wich, in  November,  1774,  and  burned  it.  On  the  25th 
of  May,  1775,  Chief  Justice  Frederick  Smith  presided  at  a 
court  of  oyer  and  terminer  held  at  Cohansey  Bridge,  and, 


( 


Dr.  Henry  Whitely  Elmer,  born  1847,  now  living  in  Bridgeton,  unmarried. 

Dr.  Ebenezer  Elmer,  born  1752,  died  1843.  Married  Hannah  Seeley ;  had 
children  Lucius  Quintus  Cincinnatusand  Sarah  Smith.  L.  Q.  C.  Elmer  married 
Catharine  Hay ;  has  children,  Hannah  Seeley,  Caroline  Hay,  Mary  Hirst. 

Jonathan,  son  of  William  (i)  married  Ruth  B.  McLean,  had  issue  Z)r.  Robert, 
Charles  R.,  Hannah  M.,  Nancy,  Jonathan  and  one  child  died  in  infancy. 

Dr.  Robert  married  Margaret  Holmes,  lives  in  Bridgeton,  has  children,  Chas. 
Read,  Julia  F.,  Isabel. 

Thcophilus,  son  of  Daniel  (i)  was  a  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  settled  and  died  in 
Louisiana.     His  son  G.  Eli  now  practises  in  Marksboro,  La. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  245 

Elmek. 

in  the  words  of  a  journal  of  Ebenezer  Elmer,  "gave 
a  large  charge  to  the  Grand  Jury  concerning  the  times, 
and  the  burning  of  the  tea  the  fall  before,  but  the  Jury- 
came  in  without  doing  anything,  and  the  court  broke  up." 
Dr.  Elmer,  the  Whig  Sheriff  by  the  appointment  of  Gov- 
i:rnor  Franklin,  although  he  had  not  participated  in  the 
[)roceeding,  knew  perfectly  who  had,  and  took  care  to 
have  a  Whig  Grand  Jury,  of  which  his  brother  Daniel 
was  foreman,  and  they  chose  to  ignore  the  whole 
matter. 

He  was  appointed  to  official  station  under  the  colonial 
government,  delegate  to  the  Provincial  Congress  during 
the  war,  to  the  Legislature  of  the  State  and  to  the 
National  Congress  prior  and  subsequent  to  our  indepen- 
dence. His  character  in  these  relations  is  made  to  ap- 
pear in  an  extract  from  the  journal  of  William  Maclay,  a 
fellow  member  of  the  United  States  Senate  in  1789,  as 
follows : 

"  I  know  not,  in  the  Senate,  a  man  if  I  were  to  choose  a  friend,  on 
whom  I  would  cast  the  eye  of  confidence  as  soon  as  on  this  little 
Doctor.  He  does  not  always  vote  right — and  so  I  think  of  every  man 
who  differs  from  me,  but  I  never  saw  him  give  a  vote,  but  I  thought  I 
I  ould  observe  his  disinterestedness  in  his  countenance.  If  such  an 
one  errs,  it  is  the  sin  of  ignorance  and  I  think  heaven  has  pardons 
ready  sealed  for  every  one  of  them." 

He  held  also  the  office  of  presiding  Judge  in  the  court 
of  Common  Pleas  in  Cumberland  County,  which  he  re- 
signed in  1 8 14,  on  account  of  increasing  age  and  infirmity, 
remarking  to  his  associates,  as  he  took  his  final  leave  of 
them,  that  it  was  forty-two  years  since  he  became  an 
officer  of  the  Court,  and  he  had  lived  to  see  every  person 
u  ho  was  a  member  of  it,  both  on  the  bench  and  at  the 


246  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Elmer. 

bar  consigned  to  the  house  appointed  for  all  the  living. 

In  his  responsible  duties  as  a  civilian  he  always  retained 
his  interest  in  the  medical  profession  and  in  association 
with  medical  men.  While  in  Congress  he  was  placed  on 
the  Medical  Committee,  visiting  in  this  relation  the  various 
hospitals  within  his  reach,  and  making  long  journeys 
on  horseback  for  the  purpose.  He  visited  the  military 
hospital  at  headquarters,  Morristown,  where  he  met  his 
brother  Ebenezer,  on  his  return  from  his  northern  cam- 
paign. He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey 
Medical  Society  in  1772,  and  was  chosen  President  in 
1787,  the  year  prior  to  his  election  to  the  United  States 
Senate.  The  two  papers  which  as  presiding  officer  he 
read  before  the  Society  at  its  annual  and  semi-annual 
meetings  are  preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  Society, 
and  were  published  in  the  recent  Supplement  to  the 
Volume  of  Transactions  1766  to  1800. 

Being  from  the  first  of  feeble  health,  he  was  disabled 
early  in  life  for  active  exertion  and  therefore  confined 
himself  very  much  to  study.  He  was  always  a  most 
laborious  and  diligent  student.  Beside  his  knowledge  of 
medicine  and  law,  he  was  a  well  read  theologian.  In 
personal  appearance  he  was  slender  and  erect ;  neat  in  his 
dress,  and  stately  in  his  address.  He  possessed  a  firm 
and  unbending  selfwill,  which  was  perhaps  intensified  by 
his  secluded  habits.  He  accumulated  a  handsome  fortune 
which  his  descendants  still  enjoy. 

He  made  a  profession  of  his  faith  in  Christ  in  1798. 
Subsequently  and  for  main'  years  he  was  a  ruling  elder  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Bridgeton.  A  beautiful 
summary  of  his  character  is  found  in  his  inscription  upon 
his  tomb  in  Bridgeton  : 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  247 

Elmer. 

Here  rests 
In  hope  of  a 

GLORIOUS   resurrection 
THE  BODY  OF 

JONATHAN  ELMER,  M.  D., 

AND  Fellow  of  the 

American  Philosophical  Society 

An  Eminent  Physician  and  Civilian 

A  distinguished  citizen 

and  an  Exemplary  Christian 

WHO  departed  this  life  sept.  3D  1817 

IN  THE    72D   year  of  HIS  AGE. 

Attempt  not  on  marble  merit  to  portray 
a  life  well  spent  is  man's  best  epitaph 
that  life's  well  spent,  which  answers 
life's  great  end.i 


Ebenezer  Elmer. 

A  valuable  memoir  of  Dr.  Elmer  will  be  found  in  Bate- 
man's  History  of  the  Medical  Men  of  Cumberland 
County  ;  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New 
Jersey,  1871.  The  following  notice  of  his  public  life  is 
from   the  Bridgeton   CJu-onick,   October   21,    1843  r^ 

"  It  is  with  deep  sorrow  that  we  record  the  death  of  our  oldest  and 
most  estimable  citizen,  Gen.  Ebenezer  Elmer,  President  of  the  New 
Jersey  Cincinnati  Society,  and  the  last  surviving-  officer  of  the  New 
Jersey  line  of  the  Revolutionary  Army :  who  died  on  Wednesday  last, 
Oct.  18,  aged  90  years. 

Gen.  Elmer  was  born  at  Cedarville,  Cumberland  Co.,  N.  J.,  and  was 
the  grandson  of  the  Rev.  Daniel  Elmer,  who  came  from  Connecticut 
to  Fairfield  in  the  year  1727.  He  (Ebenezerj  studied  medicine  with 
his  brother,  the  late  Dr.  Jonathan  Elmer,  and  was  about  establishing 
himself  in  practice  when  hostilities  commenced  between  America  and 
Great  Britian.     In  January,  1776,  he  was  commissioned  an  ensign  in 

'  Biography  of  the  Elmer  Family,  by  Hon.  L.  Q.  C.  Elmer,  privately  printed. 
Bateman's  His.  of  Med.  Men.  of  Cumberland  Co. 
*  Barber  and  Howe's  His.  Collections. 


? 


248  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Elmek. 

the  company  of  Continental  troops  commanded  by  the  late  Gov. 
Bloomfield  ;  and  served  in  that  capacity  and  as  lieutenant  in  the  north- 
ern army  till  the  spring  of  1777,  when,  the  army  being  reorganized, 
he  was  appointed  as  surgeon's  mate.  In  June,  1778,  he  was  appointed 
surgeon  of  the  2d  New  Jersey  Regiment,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
till  the  close  of  the  war,  never  being  absent  from  duty.  After  the  war 
he  married  and  settled  in  Bridgeton  as  a  physician.  In  1789  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  Assembly,  and  in  several  successive  years ;  in 
1 791  and  1795  he  was  Speaker.  In  1800  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
Congress,  and  sat  in  that  body  six  years,  during  the  administration  of 
Jefferson,  of  which  he  was  a  supporter.  He  was  Adjutant  General  of 
the  militia  of  New  Jersey,  and  for  many  j^ears  Brigadier  General  of 
the  Cumberland  brigade.  During  the  last  war  with  England,  in  181 3, 
he  commanded  the  troops  stationed  at  Billingsport,  in  this  State.  In 
the  year  1807,  and  afterwards  in  181 5,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  this  State,  and  vice-president.  In  1808  he  was  appointed 
collector  of  the  port  of  Bridgeton,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1817  ; 
was  reappointed  in  1822,  and  continued  in  that  office  till  1832,  when 
he  again  resigned,  having,  at  the  age  of  fourscore,  wholly  declined 
public  business.  In  his  early  years  he  was  deeply  impressed  with  a 
concern  for  his  immortal  interests,  and  has  been  for  many  years  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  His  great  characteristic,  through 
a  long  and  useful  life,  was  stern  integrity.  His  generosity  and  benevo- 
lence are  known  wherever  he  was  known,  and  '  his  praise  is  in  all 
the  churches.' 

Gen.  Elmer  was  buried  on  Friday.  The  funeral  proceeded  from  his 
late  residence  to  the  church  in  Broad  street,  where  the  Rev.  Ethan 
Osborne,  one  of  his  Revolutionaiy  compatriots,  preached  an  appro- 
priate sermon  from  Matt.  xxv.  21,  and  then  the  body  was  interred  in 
the  Presbyterian  bur)ing  ground." 

We  add  some  further  memorials  from  the  privately 
l)rinted  biography  of  the  Elmer  family  : 

"  While  a  student  of  medicine,  he  was  one  of  the  party  who  burned 
the  tea  at  Greenwich.  Several  of  these  men  were  sued  in  the  Supreme 
Court,  as  it  appears  by  the  minutes  that  the  plaintiffs  after  being  non- 
suited for  not  having  filed  security  to  pay  the  costs  at  the  May  term, 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  249 

Elmer. 

1776,  having  at  length  obtained  security  procured  the  nonsuit  to  be 
set  aside  ;  but  the  judges  being  displaced  by  the  new  Constitution 
adopted  in  July,  and  their  places  filled  by  tried  Whigs,  the  action  was 
never  brought  to  trial." 

Dr.  Elmer  commenced  to  keep  a  journal  in  January, 
1775,  and  continued  it  during  the  war.  By  this  it 
appears  that  in  January,  1775,  he  and  his  fellow-student, 
Lewis  Howell,  made  a  tour  to  Great  Egg  Harbor  to 
inoculate  for  small  pox,  and  in  ]\Iarch  they  went  there 
again,  being  absent  several  weeks.  Almost  every  week 
he  visited  in  different  parts  of  the  county,  especially  *in 
Fairfield,  often  on  horseback  the  whole  day.  He  notes 
in  his  journal  that  "a  very  mortal  uncommon  dysentery 
came  on  about  the  last  of  May,  and  spread  almost  over 
the  whole  country."  Of  this  his  elder  brother  died. 
One  of  his  entrys  is,  "  Engaged  in  reading  Van  Swieten, 
but  there  is  such  a  noise  and  confusion  in  the  country 
but  little  can  be  doiie."  Frequent  mention  is  made  of 
attendance  at  various  places  to  engage  in  military  exer- 
cises, the  people  being  fully  determined  to  oppose  the 
measures  of  the  British  ministry,  by  arms  if  necessary, 
especially  after  the  news  came  of  bloodshed  at  Lexing- 
ton, April  17.  In  this  way  his  military  spirit  seems  to 
have  become  thoroughly  aroused.  December  10,  he 
notes:  "Mr.  Bloomfield  proposed  that  he  should  send  a 
petition  for  himself  as  Captain,  Jos.  Seely  first  Lieut., 
and  myself  as  second,  to  which  I  agreed."  When  he 
returned  from  his  service  in  the  line,  March,  1777,  he  only 
stayed  in  Cumberland  two  weeks,  and  enters  in  his  jour- 
nal, April  13  :  "  Took  leave  of  my  friends,  and  set  out  for 
Philadelphia,  putting  trust  in  the  Lord  of  Hosts,  Who,  I 
am  fully  persuaded    is  able  to  preserve   me  through  the 


250  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Elmer. 

following,  as  well  as  the  former  campaign."  It  is  believed 
that  he  was  at  home  but  once  after  this,  till  the  close  of 
the  war. 

In  the  year  1777  he  was  with  the  main  army,  and  wit- 
nessed the  battle  of  Chadd's  Ford,  where  Col.  Shreve 
was  severely  wounded,  and  was  with  him  at  the  battle  of 
Germantown.  He  hutted  at  Valley  Forge  during  the 
succeeding  winter  of  suffering.  June  28,  1778,  he  was  at 
the  battle  of  Monmouth.  He  frequently  mentioned  that 
in  the  morning  of  that  day  he  took  a  crust  of  hard  bread 
in  his  pocket,  of  which  he  occasionally  chewed  a  portion, 
carefully  avoiding  drink,  and  went  through  the  fatigues  of 
the  day  with  comparative  comfort. 

The  year  1779  was  principally  spent  in  the  expedition 
under  General  Sullivan  against  the  Indians.  In  the  fall 
they  returned  to  Morristown  and  wintered  there.  In 
1780  in  the  neighborhood  of  New  York,  wintered  at  Pomp- 
ton  in  New  Jersey.  Went  with  the  army  to  Virginia  and 
was  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown.  employed  principally  in  the 
hospital.  1782  he  was  at  Peekskill,  New  York.  In  1783 
cessation  of  hostilities  was  proclaimed  in  April,  and  on  the 
6th  of  June  his  brigade  received  furloughs.  On  the  3d  of 
November  he  was  discharged  having  served  two  months, 
one  clay  as  Ensign;  eleven  months,  twenty  one  days,  as 
Lieutenant ;  one  year,  three  months,  four  days,  as  Sur- 
geon's mate  ;  5  years,  three  months,  twenty-eight  days, 
as  Regimental  Surgeon.  In  all.  seven  years,  eight  months, 
twenty-four  days. 

Having  had  much  experience  as  an  army  surgeon  he 
was  principall)'  relied  upon,  after  his  retirement  to  private 
practice  for  surgical  operations.  Owing  to  his  frequent 
absence  from  home,  and  for  other  reasons,  he  soon  re- 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  25 1 

Elmer. 

linquished  general  practice,  but  continued  to  be  consulted 
in  difficult  cases  for  many  years.  He  joined  the  Medical 
Society  in  1789. 

His  faculties  of  mind  were  but  little  impaired  until 
about  1840,  when  he  became  blind  so  that  he  could  not 
read.  He  lived  till  October,  1843,  when  he  died  of  old 
age  at  the  home  of  his  only  son  with  whom  he  lived. 

He  was  of  medium  height,  stout  and  very  strong,  without 
personal  grace,  and  very  averse  to  everything  which  looked 
like  conformity  to  fashionable  life.  Owing  to  a  partial 
dislocation  of  his  hip  while  engaged  in  some  athletic  ex- 
ercises while  in  the  army  service,  he  was  quite  lame  during 
the  latter  years  of  his  life. 

Perliaps  the  strongest  trait  of  character  was  his  incor- 
ruptible integrity  and  truthfulness.  For  many  years  of 
his  life  he  maintained  family  worship,  but  did  not  become 
a  member  of  the  church  till  1825.  His  journal  of  August 
23,  1776,  when  he  attained  the  age  of  twenty-four,  con- 
tains some  serious  reflections,  expressive  of  his  concern 
for  his  immortal  interests.  Other  papers  at  different 
periods  of  his  life  show  the  same  feeling.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  first  Sabbath  School  established  in  the 
county;  also  of  the  Bible  Society,  of  which  he  was  for 
many  years  president. 


William  Elmer  (i) 
Graduated  as  a  Doctor  of  Medicine  and  was  a  thoroughly 
educated  physician.  He  commenced  practice  in  Bridgeton 
and  married  in  1812.  He  soon  became  the  leading 
physician  in  the  town  and  had  a  very  large  practice. 
Upon    the  death   of  his   father  in    1817,  from   whom   he 


252  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Elmer. 

received  an  ample  fortune,  he  retired  from  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  and  during  llie  remainder  of  his  life 
turned  his  attention  to  the  promotion  of  agriculture, 
doing  much  to  bring  into  the  county  improved  stock, 
the  influence  of  which  still  remains.  He  was  fond  of 
horses  and  an  accomplished  horseman.  A  troop  of 
cavalry  which  he  commanded  for  several  years,  attracted 
great  attention  upon  the  occasion  of  the  reception 
of  Lafaj'ette  at  Philadelphia,  where  they  made  a  part 
of  the  militar}'  display.  He  was  for  several  years  afflicted 
with  that  hereditary  disposition  to  rheumatism  which  oc- 
casioned his  father's  ill  health  and  which  hastened  his 
death  at  the  age  of  forty-eight. 


Elmers  of  E.  Jersey. 
The  first  of  these  was  Rev.  Jonathan,  who  was  born  at 
Norwalk,  Connecticut,  June  4,  1727.  He  was  the  son  of 
Samuel,  son  of  Edward  (i).  He  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1747.  He  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Florida, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  where,  in  1749,  he  married 
Amy  Gale.  He  removed  from  there  to  Turkey  (New 
Providence,  New  Jersey),  1757,^  where  he  was  the  stated 
minister  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  till  November  13, 
1765,  when  he  was  installed  pastor.  He  continued  in  the 
charge  of  the  church  till  October,  1793,  when  he  was 
dismissed  and  never  afterwards  settled.  One  of  his 
brothers,  who  was  a  Colonel  in  the  Connecticut  line,  was 
commissioned  as  Samuel  I'l,lmore,  and  having  after- 
wards adopted  that  spelling,  his  descendants  have  con- 
tinued   it. 2      He   died    June    5,    1807,  aged   eighty.      His 

»  Hatfield's  Elizabethtown. 
'  Elmer's  Cumberland. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  253 

Elmer. 

wife  died  July  24,  18 12,  aged  ninety-four.     They  had  six 
children. 

I.  Jonathan,  born  July  15,  1750.  Married  Susanna, 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Bedell  ;  had  Philemon,  died  March 
29,  1784,  aged  thirty-four,  and  Hannah,  who  died  young. 

II.  (Dr.)  Pliilemon^  noticed  infra. 

III.  John,  died  at  ten  years  of  age. 

IV.  (Dr.)  Moses  Gale,  noticed  infra. 

V.  Sarah,  born  August  ii,  1768.  Married  (i)  April  4, 
1779,  Abraham  Morrill,  of  Morristown ;  (2)  Thomas 
Lovell,  a  merchant  of  New  York. 

VI.  Nathan  B.,  born  November  5,  1763.  Married 
November  4,  1792,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Isaac  Crane. ^ 


Philemon  Elmer 
Was  born  September  13th,  1752.  He  married  (i)  Mary 
Marsh,  by  whom  he  had  two  children,  viz.:  Sally,  married 
to  Dr.  Loring  and  Polly,  married  to  Dr.  Joseph  Quimby, 
of  Westfield.  He  married  (2)  Catharine,  only  child  of  Capt. 
John  Sleight  (or  Slack),  of  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey. 
By  this  union  had 

Betsey,  married  Ellis  Potter  of  New  York. 

Catharine,  married  Aaron  Coe,  of  Westfield,  (who  had 
children  Philemon  Elmer  Coe,  an  Episcopal  minister,  who 
built  the  First  Episcopal  church  in  Plainfield  about  1852, 
and  died  1874,  of  small  pox.  Also  Catharine,  who  mar- 
ried Hon.  Alfred  Mills,  of  Morristown).  Married  (3)  the 
widow  of  Charles  Clark.  2 

Dr.  Elmer  practised  the  greater  part  of  his  life  in  West- 
field,  where   he   died    May    i6th,  1827.      He   had   a    large 


1  Littell's  Genealogies,  &c. 
^  Littell's  Genealogies. 
18 


254  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Elmer. 

practice,  was  a  man  of  ability  and  force  of  character  and 
of  fine  social  qualities.  He  acquired  a  property  which 
has  remained  among  his  heirs  to  this  day.  The  last  resi- 
dents upon  it  were  Rev.  P.  E.  Coe,  died  tit  supra  in  1874, 
and  his  wife  has  died  since. 


Moses  Gale  Elmer,  | 

Born  September  26th,  1757,  was  a  practitioner  of  medi-  i 
cine  during  his  professional  life  in  New  Providence.  He 
was  nineteen  years  of  age  upon  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Revolutionary  war  and  entered  the  service  as  soon  as  his 
attainments  in  medicine  permitted.  He  was  commissioned 
Surgeon's  Mate,  Second  Battalion,  Second  Establishment, 
August  28th,  1778  ;  Surgeon's  Mate,  Second  Regiment, 
September  26th,  1780  ;  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war.  ^ 
His  book  of  accounts  which  is  still  preserved  and 
which  are  very  accurate  and  carefully  kept,  was  opened 
July  9th,  1783,  at  which  time  he  was  doubtless  discharged 
from  military  service.  He  married  December  2d,  1792,  i 
Chloe,  daughter  of  Matthias  Meeker,  of  Morristown. 
They  had  four  children.  L  Matthias,  died  young.  H. 
(Dr.)  Henry  G.,  noticed  infra.  III.  William  M.,  died 
aged  twenty-seven,  July  6th,  1830.  IV.  Apollos  Mor-  •! 
rell.  married  (i)  Mary  Britton,  (2)  Theodosia  Morrell. 
Removed  to  Elizabethtown ;  was  Mayor  of  the  city 
died  about  i860,  and  was  buried  in  New  Providence.^ 
Dr.  Elmer  owned  the  house  and  six  acres  of  land  on  the 
south-east  and  south-west  corners  of  the  village  of  New 
Providence,  and  a  tract  of  ninety  acres,  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  Passaic,  and  on  the  west  by  the  highway  to 


'  Stryker's  Register. 
*  LitteH's  Genealogies. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J,    MEDICINE.  255 

Elmer. 

Morristown,  the  front  extending  fronn  the  "Oak  trees," 
near  the  village,  to  the  Passaic  Bridge. 

His  practice  was  large,  and  extended  over  a  wide  dis- 
trict, which,  during  a  practice  of  forty  years,  was  trav- 
ersed on  horseback.  He  was  a  person  of  medium  height, 
well  proportioned,  of  good  constitution  ;  hair  brown, 
features  regular,  Grecian  nose  and  "  blueish,  hazel  "  eyes. 
In  his  morning  walks  of  later  life,  he  usually  carried  his 
cane  on  his  shoulder.  One  who  knew  him  well,  often 
heard  him  early  in  the  morning  dancing  in  his  barn  for 
exercise.  It  was  a  long  established  habit  with  him  to  go 
to  the  "  Mineral  spring,"  by  the  old  mill,  near  his  orchard, 
to  take  his  morning  draught  of  water.  He  had  a  nervous 
temperament,  and  was  easily  excited  to  an  intense  de- 
gree, facetious,  censorious  and  petulent  by  turns.  He 
was  a  strong  partizan  in  politics,  but  never  assumed 
leadership  ;  a  whig  of  the  old  school.  He  did  not  at- 
tempt anything  in  the  way  of  public  enterprises.  In 
addition  to  his  practice,  he  found  employment  in  keeping 
out  of  idleness  and  mischief  a  number  of  slaves,  who 
"  vexed  his  righteous  soul."  There  were  in  his  town  a 
large  number  of  operatives  connected  with  shoe  and  hat 
manufactories,  whose  raids  at  night  upon  his  water-melon 
patch,  caused  him  much  annoyance.  On  one  occasion  he 
so  doctored  some  of  the  finest  melons  that  the}'  produced, 
in  those  who  had  taken  them,  symptoms  which  de- 
manded treatment.  The  Doctor  was  summoned.  The 
patients  averred  that  they  had  "  eaten  nothing,"  but  the 
.idministration  of  an  emetic  soon  caused  a  disgorgement 
of  the  melons  and  a  discovery  of  their  tricks. 

He  is  said  to  have  been  rather  timid  as  a  surgeon,  his 
sympathies  getting  the  better  of  his  judgment  ;  yet  he 
was  persistent   in   the   pursuit   of  his   adopted    course  of 


256  HISTORY    OF   N.   J-    MEDICINE. 

Elmer. 

treatment  in  the  management  of  disease.  He  was  unre- 
lenting in  his  prohibition  of  water  to  allay  the  thirst  of  an 
imploring  patient.  In  one  case  of  fever,  the  sufferer  beg- 
ged the  Doctor  for  water.  "  Tut.  tut,  tut,  no,  no,  no, 
not  one  drop  shall  )'ou  have  sir;  if  )ou  touch  it,  it  will  be 
at  the  peril  of  your  life,  sir."  But  the  patient  managed 
to  creep  on  his  hands  and  knees  to  a  pail  of  cool,  fresh 
water,  drank  all  he  could  swallow,  returned  to  his  bed, 
perspired  freel}',  convalesced,  and  then  told  the  Doctor 
what  had  cured  him.  In  his  later  years  he  abandoned 
the  frequent  use  of  phlebotom}-.  He  also  became  more 
sparing  in  his  administration  of  heroic  remedies. 

When  in  1828  an  act  was  passed  by  Congress  for  the 
pensioning  of  survivors  of  the  Revolution,  the  Doctor 
was  placed  on  the  list,  and  from  that  date  to  the  end  of 
his  life  received  a  pension  of  $240. 

When  advanced  in  years,  his  son  permitted  an  intimate 
friend  of  his,  without  his  father's  knowledge,  to  turn  a 
large  drove  of  cattle  into  the  pasture  field.  The  old 
Doctor,  walking  out  the  next  morning,  found  them  there, 
and  became  so  excited  thereby  that  it  occasioned  his 
death  soon  after.  His  wife  died  June  19,  1833,  aged 
sixty.  Their  remains  were  buried  in  the  Methodist 
burying  ground  at  New  Providence.  On  a  plain  marble 
slab  is  inscribed  : 

Sacred 

to  the  memory  of 

DOCT.  MOSES  ELMER, 

Who  DEPARTED  THIS  LIFE 
ON  THE  3IST  DAY 

OF  May,  1835, 
In  the  78TH  year  of  his  age.' 


>  MSS.  His.  Notes  of  Dr.  A.  M.  Cory. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  257 

Elmer.  English. 

Henry  G.  Elmer 
W^as  a  son  of  the  foregoing,  born  in  1799.  Married 
Pamelia,  daughter  of  Gabriel  John.son.  He  was  in  earlier 
years  under  the  tuition  of  Charles  Belden,  of  Morristown, 
in  181 3- 1 4.  He  studied  medicine  and  was  regarded  as  a 
very  promising  physician,  being  very  popular  and  pos- 
sessing superior  abilities.  He  died  of  intemperate  habits 
at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  and  was  buried  beside  his 
parents  in  New  Providence.     His  monumental  inscription 

reads : 

Sacred 

To  THE  MEMORY  OF 

DR.  HENRY  G.  ELMER, 

Son  of 

Moses  and  Chloe  Elmer, 

who  departed 

this  life 

Feb.  II,  1824, 

aged  25  years 

ii  months. i 


John  C.  Elmer, 
A  relative  of  the  Elmers  here  recorded,  a  direct  descen- 
dant of  Nathaniel,  of  Orange  County,  New  York,  who  is 
supposed  to  be  a  brother  of  the  Rev.  Jonathan,  was  a 
practitioner  in  Morris  County,  and  subsequently  at 
Springfield,  now  Union  County,  where  he  died  October 
17,  1863.  His  obituary  is  published  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  1864. 


James  English 

Resided  near  Englishtown,  Monmouth  County,  where  he 

had   an    extensive    practice   and   accumulated   a   fortune 

which  he  left  to  his  children.      His  success  in  his  profes- 

'  Ibid. 


25S  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

English.  Erwin. 

sion  was  more  the  result   of  attractive   manners  than  of 

education    and    scientific    attainment.      He    served    as    a 

surgeon   in    the  army.     His  record  in  Stryker's  Register 

is  "  Surgeon's  mate,  State  troops;  Surgeon  ditto." 

His  remains  lie  in   the  old  Tennent  churchyard,  over 

which  is  the  inscription  : 

In  memory  of 
DOCT.  JAMES  ENGLISH, 

WHO  DEPARTED  THIS  LIFE 

ON  THE  THIRTIETH  DAY  OF  DECEMBER, 

In  THE   YEAR  OF   OUR  LORD 

One  Thousand  Eight  Hundred  and  Sixteen, 

aged  fifty-nine  years 

six  months  and  fifteen  days. 

There  is  also  a  monument  to  his  wife,  Hannah.  His 
son,  James  English,  Jr.,  succeeded  to  his  father's  prac- 
tice. He  died  in  his  forty-second  year,  of  consumption, 
May  7,  1834.^  Another  son,  David  C,  practised  in  Mat- 
awan.  New  Brunswick,  and  finally  in  Springfield,  Union 
County,  where  he  died.- 


I 


Dr. Erwin 

Was  a  practitioner  of  medicine  in  Swedesboro  early  in 
this  century  and  probably  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last. 
His  outfit  was  a  poor,  raw-boned,  sluggish  horse  of  the 
Rosinante  make,  his  carriage  a  rickety  one-horse  vehicle, 
called  a  sulky.  He  was  gross  in  person,  with  a  face 
rough  and  red,  ornamented  by  a  nose  of  the  tomato 
pattern,  full  of  brag  and  a  great  talker.  He  had  the  con- 
fidence of  the  people  and  a  very  large  practice,  though  it 
was  a  common  saying  in  regard  of  him,  "  It  is  a  pity  that 
he  will  drink."     He  died  about  1823.2 

1  Ihomason's  His.  of  Med.  Men  of  Monmouth  Co. 

2  Ibid. 

'  RecoUection.s  of  Dr.  Jos.  Fithian. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  259 

EWING.  Farrand. 

Thomas  Ewing, 
Born  at  Greenwich,  1748.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Ward.  Married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Samuel  Fithian.  He 
was  one  of  the  young  men  concerned  in  the  destruction 
of  the  tea,  at  Greenwich,  November,  1774.  During  the 
war,  he  was  Surgeon,  Heard's  Brigade.  Commissioned, 
June  2ist,  1776.  He  was  subsequently  commissioned 
Major,  Second  Battalion,  Cumberland.  ^  He  was  dis- 
tinguished for  his  services  during  the  war,  which  are 
noticed  in  Bateman's  History  of  the  Medical  Men  of  Cum- 
berland, from  which  the  most  of  these  items  are  taken. 
He  died  of  consumption,  at  the  age  of  thirty-four. 


Daniel  Farrand. 
In  the  old  graveyard  at  Newark,  is  this  inscription  : 

DOCT.   DANIEL  FARRAND 
DIED  March  7  1764 

IN  HIS  38TH  YEAR. 

In  the  Town  Records  of  Newark,  the  Patronymic  ap- 
pears twice.  1736,  Mr.  Samuel  Farrand  was  one  of  a 
committee  to  agree  with  (Rev.)  Mr,  Burr,  as  a  candidate 
for  the  "  work  of  the  Ministry,"  in  Newark.  1739,  Sam- 
uel Farrand,  Esq.,  was  one  of  a  committee  "  to  treat  with 
the  people  of  Eliz'town,  about  settling  a  line  "between 
the  two  towns." 

Samuel  Farrand,  Esq.,  from  Milford,  son-in-law  of 
Joseph  Wheeler,  of  Newark,  was  a  grand-son  of  Nathaniel, 
of  Milford,  1645,  and  son  of  Nathaniel,  Jr.  of  Milford. 
He  died  September  i6th,  1750,  aged  sixty-nine.  His  will 
names  children  David,  Samuel,  Ebenezer,  Nathaniel, 
Joseph,  Sarah,  Phebe,  Elizabeth. 

»  Stryker's  Register. 


26o  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Farrand.  Flood.  Forman. 

Doct.  Daniel,  died  March  7th,  1764.  Had  daughters 
Hannah,  Margaret,  Lydia,  perhaps  other  children.  His 
widow,  Margaret,  married  Elijah  Hedden. 

Samuel,  died  1760  or  '63. 

Ebenezer,  died  January  22d,  1777. 

Nathaniel;  in  1753,  assessor;  in  1779  collector  in 
Newark.  Had  wife  Mary;  children  William  and  Phebe, 
perhaps  others. 

Joseph,  died  August  8th,  1760,  aged  forty-one.  His 
will  names  children  Stephen.  James,  Enos.^ 


"James  Flood, 
Of  the  County  of  Cape   May,  Doctor  of  Physick  bound 
over  to  Keep  the  peace  towards  Richard  Tills  ^20  Tues- 
day May  21  1 734." 2 

Flood  is  an  ancient  spelling  for  Ployd. 


Aaron  Forman, 
Noticed  by  Blane,  in  his  Medical  History  of  Hunter- 
don, became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical 
Society,  in  November,  1767.  He  practised  medicine  in 
Hunterdon  County,  and  was  prominent  as  a  physician 
and  surgeon.  He  married  a  daughter  of  John  Emly,  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  he  himself  being  an 
Episcopalian.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  convictions  and 
firm  of  purpose.  In  July  25,  1777  "  Dr.  Aaron  Forman 
appeared  by  warrant,  and  refused  to  take  the  oath,  and 
being  deemed  too  dangerous  a  person  to  go  at  large,  was 
committed  to  close  custody,  in  the  common  goal  at  Tren- 

•  Conger's  Genealogies. 

*  Copied  from  Court  Records,  by  Wm.  J  no.  Potts. 


HISTORY   OP^   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  261 

FORMAN. 

ton."i       He  died   January    ii,  1805,  aged   sixty.      For  a 
very  pleasant  notice  of  the  Doctor,  see  Blane's  History,  &c. 


Samuel  Forman, 
Was  a  descendant  of  John  Forman,  who,  after  imprison- 
ment, was  banished  from  Scothmd.  He  came  to  America 
and  settled  in  Monmouth  County,  in  about  1685.  From 
one  branch  of  the  family,  descended  David,  a  Brig.  Gen. 
in  the  Revolutionary  army.  From  another,  descended 
David,  Sheriff  of  Monmouth,  during  the  war  an  active 
patriot  and  a  zealous  official,  who,  on  the  day  of  the  battle 
of  Monmouth,  acted  as  one  of  the  guides  of  Washington. ^ 
His  son  Samuel  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Henderson,  and  it  is  said  in  Philadel- 
phia also.  He  did  not  graduate  at  the  University  there. 
He  received  his  medical  license  May,  1788,  and  at  that 
time  was  received  as  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society. 
He  commenced  to  practice  in  his  native  town,  Freehold, 
in  1790,^  and  enjoyed  a  large  and  widely  extended  prac- 
tice, which  he  retained  till  near  the  close  of  his  life, 
December  nth,  1845. 

He  married  (i)  1790,  Ann  Rogers,  of  Bordentown,  (2) 
Sarah  Throckmorton,  in  1795.  His  eldest  son  by  his 
second  marriage,  David,  born  September  23d,  1796, 
studied  medicine,  and  received  his  medical  license  in 
1820.  Died  in  Freehold  1826.  His  other  children  were 
Richard,  in  early  life  a  merchant,  and  later,  retired  to  his 
farm  in  Monmouth,  where  he  died  ;  and  John  F.  T.  For- 
man, a  farmer  in  his  native  county  all  his  life,  the  father 
of  Dr.  S.    R.    Forman,  of  Jersey  City  and  Dr.   McLean 

*  Minutes  of  tlie  Committee  of  Safety. 
'  Barber  and  Howe's  His.  Col. 
'  Thomason's  His. 


26?.  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

FoRMAN.  Freeman. 

man,  of  Freehold,  both  now  engaged  in   their  profession. 

Dr.  Samuel  Forman  was  highly  esteemed  as  a  citizen 
and  possessed  a  decidedly  religious  character.  He  was 
chosen  one  of  the  first  elders  in  the  Presbyterian  church, 
in  Freehold,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  founders. 

His  remains  repose   in  the  Tennent   Churchyard,  over 

them  is  the  inscription  : 

In  memory  of 
DOCT.   SAMUEL  FORMAN 

WHO    DIED 
THE  IITH  DAY  OF  DECEMBER 

1845 
IN  THE  82  YEAR  OF  HIS  AGE 

I  know  that  my 

Redeemer  liveth 

And  though  after  my 

Skin  worms  destroy  this 

body,  yet  in  my  flesh 

Shall  I  see  God. 
When  Christ  who  is  our  life 
Shall  appear  then  shall 
Ye  also  appear  with 
Him  in  glory. 


Melancthon  Freeman, 
Born  in  Piscataway  township,  1746,  died  November, 
1806,  aged  60  years.  He  practised  in  Metuchen,  and 
obtained  considerable  reputation  as  a  medical  man.  His 
remains  were  buried  in  the  place  of  his  residence.  He 
had  a  son  and  a  grand-son,  each  bearing  his  name,  who 
were  physicians. 

Dr.  Freeman  was  commissioned  "  Surgeon  of  State 
Troops,  Col.  Forman's  Battalion,  Heard's  Brigade,  June 
2ist,  1776."^ 

1  Stryker's  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.   MEDICINE,  263 

Freeman.  Gaudonett. 

Clarkson  Freeman 
Was  a  physician  in   Essex  County.      He  was  admitted  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  in  1785.     In 
that  year  he  obtained  his  license  to  practice  medicine. 

On  account  of  irregularities  in  his  conduct,  he  was  sub- 
jected to  the  discipline  of  the  Society,  and  in  1789,  was 
suspended  as  a  member  until  the  next  meeting,  which 
occurred  in  May,  1790,  when  he  was  expelled.  This 
action  of  the  Society,  in  getting  rid  of  an  unworthy  mem- 
ber, was  justified  by  his  subsequent  history.  In  March, 
1 79 1,  he  was  apprehended  and  committed  to  jail  as  an 
accessory  to  a  band  of  forgers  of  State  certificates  He 
was  tried  in  Trenton,  convicted  of  the  crime  and  sen- 
tenced to  imprisonment  in  Essex  County.  He  broke 
jail,  by  means  of  a  false  key,  in  August,  1791.  The  sheriff 
offered  a  reward  of  one  hundred  pounds  for  his  recovery, 
describing  his  person  and  designating  him  as  "  the 
infamous  and  notorious  Doctor,  Clarkson   Freeman.  "^ 


Francois  Gaudonett, 
Born  in  France,  in  1664.  After  or  upon  the  edict  of 
Nantes,  he  fled  to  England.  The  original  record  of  his 
marriage,  in  his  own  handwriting,  is  in  possession  of  his 
family,  as  follows  :  "  On  this  day  y^  29  of  July  1688 
me  Francois  Gaudonett  and  Mary  Prou  by  y^  Grace  of 
God  were  married  in  y^  church  of  y^  refugees  in  y^  city 
of  Bristol  (England)  by  Monsieur  Linel  Minister — April 
24  1689.  My  two  infants  were  baptized  by  Mr.  Cour- 
veaux  at  my  house  in  Southampton." 

About  1699,  he  came  to  America  and  lived  in   Bristol 
Pennsylvania,  and  Burlington  New  Jersey.     His  daugh- 

'  New  Jersey  Journal,  Aug.  1791. 


I 


264  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE, 

Gaudonett.  Gay.  Gilliland. 

ter,  Henriette  Elizabeth,  married  Dr.  Jean  Abram  DeNor- 
mandie's  father,  also  named  Jean  Abram.  His  second 
daughter,  Sarah,  married  Anthony  DeNormandie,  brother 
to  Jean  Abram.  Dr.  Gaudonett  died  June  8th,  1725. 
His  remains  were  buried  in  the  graveyard  of  St.  James' 
Church,  Bristol,  Pennsylvania,  (of  which  he  was  a  warden 
about  1726,  written  Gaudonet),^  as  also  those  of  his 
second  daughter,  Sarah.- 


Edward  Gay. 
Letters  of  administration  were  granted  August  3d, 
1687,  to  Edward  Gay,  "  Doctor  of  Physick,"  for  the  estate 
of  John  Wren,  deceased.  This  is  the  first  mention  of 
him.  No  hint  is  given  of  his  previous  history.  He  fre- 
quently appears  as  a  witness  to  wills  of  the  early  settlers 
of  Elizabethtown,  probably  his  patients.  He  obtained  a 
warrant,  August  15th,  1693,  for  fifty  acres  of  unappro- 
priated lands  in  Elizabethtown.  No  other  trace  of  him 
remains.  The  family  name  appears  in  Dedham,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1639.3 


James  Gilliland 
Was  one  of  the  first  members  of  the  Medical  Society.  In 
November  of  the  next  year,  1767,  Dr.  Gilliland  "ac- 
quainted the  Society,"  that  he  proposed  to  embark  for 
Europe,  and  at  his  request  the  Society  voted  him  creden- 
tials, as  follows :  "  Let  this  certify  that  the  bearer  hereof 
Doctor  James  Gilliland  has  for  a  considerable  time  past 

>  Hill's  His.  of  St.  Mary's. 

*  MSS.  family  memorials,  by  Arthur  Sands. 

5  Hatfield's  His.  of  Elizabethtown. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  265 

GiLLiLAND.  Gosling. 

been  engaged  in  this  Province  in  the  Practice  of  Physic 
and  Surgery,  with  general  approbation  and  success ;  that 
he  is  at  this  time  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical 
Society,  in  good  repute  and  that  the  Said  Society  do  from 
just  grounds  recommend  him  as  a  person  of  fair  character, 
properly  qualified  for  the  exercise  of  the  above  profession, 
to  any  people  among  whom  he  may  reside."  Signed  by 
President  and  Secretary. 

We  find  no  further  memorials  of  the  Doctor.  He  pro- 
bably left  the  State,  perhaps  the  country,  at  that  time. 
In  the  Secretary  of  State's  office,  at  Trenton,  is  the  will 
of  David  Gilliland,  of  New  Brunswick,  probated,  June 
13th,  1769.      He  gives  to  his  "  Oldest  son  James." 


John  Gosling 
Was  one  of  the  signers  of  "  The  concessions  and  agree- 
ments of  the  Proprietors,  Freeholders  and  Inhabitants  of 
the  Province  of  West  Jersey,  in  America,"  dated  March 
3d,  1676.  It  is  probable  that  he  came  from  England  a 
short  time  prior  to  this  date.  He  lived  in  the  city  of 
Burlington,  where  he  is  described  as  "  Merchant  and  Phy- 
sician." He  married  1685,  Mary  Budd,  a  sister,  probably, 
of  the  primitive  Brothers  Budd,  who  came  in  1678.'^  The 
issue  of  this  marriage  was  one  son,  John,  from  whom  des- 
cended the  family  of  that  name  in  West  Jersey. 

In  view  of  his  going  to  the  Island  of  Barbadoes,  in 
1685,  Dr.  Gosling  executed  his  will.  He  died  there,  and 
was  there  buried  in  the  Friends'  burying  ground.  His 
widow  Mary,  afterwards  married  Francis  Collins. 

'  Many  of  the  records  note  her  as  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Budd  (i).  His 
daughter  Mary,  was  born  at  Burlington,  2d  of  7th  Mo.,  1679  (Friends'  Record). 
She  was  six  years  old  when  Dr.  Gosling  married. 


266  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Gosling.  Grandin.  Gregg.  Green. 

Go.sling,  Go.stling,  i.s  from  the  Anglo-Norman,  Christian 
name  Jocelyn.^ 


John  F.  Grandin, 

Son  of  Philip  Grandin,  of  Hunterdon  County.  He 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  James  Newell,  of  Allentown, 
whose  daughter  he  married.  She  was  a  grand-daughter 
of  Elisha  Lawrence,  not  Dr.  James  Lawrence,  as  Dr. 
Blane  .^ays.  There  was  a  Capt.  James  Lawrence,  but  no 
Doctor  of  that  name.  Dr.  Grandin  was  a  surgeon  of  the 
navy  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  He  settled  in 
Hampden,  Hunterdon  County,  where  he  had  a  very 
extensive  practice.  Died  July  21,  181 1.  For  further 
notice  see  Dr.  Blane's  His.  of  Med.  Men  of  Hunterdon  Co. 


I 


John  Gregg 
Practised   in    I'lemington   in   the   latter   part   of  the   last 
century.     He  left  the  State  soon  after  1800,  and  settled 
in  Pennsylvania.'' 


Rev.  Jacob  Green 
Was  a  native  of  Maiden,  Massachusetts,  born  January  27, 
1723.  Was  educated  at  Harvard,  graduating  in  1744. 
Being  educated  for  the  Gospel  ministry,  he  began  the 
same  as  the  third  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
Hanover,  in  1746,  when  some  of  the  first  settlers  of  the 
town  were  living.     His  historian ^  says  of  him  that  he  was 

1  Lower's  Patronymics. 

Smith's  His.  of  N.  J.      F.  W.  Earl,  in  proc.  of  Surveyor's  Asso.     MSS.   His, 
Notes,  Wm.  J  no.  Potts, 
a  Bl.-ine's  His..  &c. 
'  Dr.  Jos.  F.  Tuttle. 


HISTORY   OF  N.   J.    MEDICINE.  267 

Green. 

a  man  of  many  callings,  a  very  busy  man.  His  salary 
was  small,  and  he  said  himself,  in  his  manuscript  history 
of  the  Hanover  Church,  that  his  limited  salary  "  led  him 
to  take  more  worldly  cares  and  business  than  he  would 
have  chosen."  His  people  encouraged  him  in  this, 
answering  him,  "That  country  congregations  could  not 
have  ministers  unless  ministers  would  take  some  care  to 
provide  and  help  support  their  own  families." 
He  studied  and  practised  medicine.  His  salary  was  too 
small  for  the  support  of  his/amily,  and  the  Parish  voted 
that  "  Mr.  Green  practice  Physick  if  he  can  bair  it,  in 
order  to  help  support  his  famil}-,  and  the  Presbytery 
approve  it."  He  practised  as  a  physician  with  much 
success  for  thirty  years.  In  January,  1777,  while  in  win- 
ter quarters  at  Morristown,  Washington,  to  prevent  the 
spread  of  small  pox  in  the  army,  quartered  the  troops 
upon  the  families  of  the  surrounding  country.  Mr. 
Green's  family  received  ten  officers  and  tv/o  waiters.  The 
families  were  inoculated  with  the  soldiers.  At  this  time 
the  old  church  was  converted  into  a  hospital  for  those  on 
whom  the  natural  small  pox  appeared. 

Extract  from  the  minutes  of  the  Council  of  Safety, 
November  26,  1777: 

"  Agreed  that  the  act.  of  Dr.  Jacob  Green  be  paid  for  administering 
physick  to  Wm.  Mayhowder,  who  was  sent  l)y  the  board  as  a  witness 
*      *      *      *      and  then  taken  sick,  the  sum  of  £1.  10.  6.,  and  for 
boarding  the  said  witness  and  keeping  his  horse,  £2>-  '6." 

He  also  taught  a  school, ^  wrote  and  executed  wills, 
and  had  a  share  in  a  gristmill  and  a  distillery.  Some  wag 
is  said  to  have  addressed  a  letter  to  him  with  the  com- 
prehensive superscription  : 

*  In  1774  he  built  a  schoolhouse  and  set  up  a  latin  school  with  eight  scholars, 
one  of  whom  was  his  son  Ashbel. 


268  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Green. 

To  the  Rev.  Jacob  Green,  Preacher, 
and  the  Rev.       "  "       Teacher. 

To  the  Rev.      "  "       Doctor, 

and  the  Rev.      "  "       Proctor. 

To  the  Rev.      "  "       Miller, 

and  the  Rev.      "  "       Distiller. 

He  says  in  his  autobiography,  referring  to  his  numer- 
ous avocations,  "  When  I  entered  upon  worldly  schemes 
I  found  them  in  general  a  plague,  a  vexation  and  a  snare. 
If  I  somewhat  increased  my  worldly  estate,  I  also 
increased  sorrow  and  incurred  blame  in  all  things  except 
the  practice  of  Physick." 

During  the  war  he  was  an  earnest  patriot,  and  known 
as  one  of  the  rebel  Presbyterian  parsons  of  the  region ; 
as  such  he  was  very  obnoxious  to  the  Tories  and  British 
officers,  who  sought  his  life.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  Congress,  and  Chairman  of  the  committee 
which  drafted  the  first  constitution  of  the  State.  He 
also  wrote  papers  and  essays  upon  the  times,  which  were 
copied  and  republished  throughout  the  country.  He  was 
erudite,  both  in  the  learned  languages  and  in  mathematics. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  was  chosen  Vice-President,  and  for  six  months 
discharged  the  duties  of  President.^  He  was  a  stern 
looking  man,  very  fixed  in  his  plans,  and  sometimes  met 
with  opposition,  especiall)'  when  he  selected  the  baptized 
children  of  the  church  in  order  to  instruct  them  alone. 

He  died  in  1790.2  The  Rev.  Ashbel  Green,  a  former 
President  of  Princeton  College,  was  his  son.  He  was 
born   in    Hanover,    1762.      Married  a   daughter   of    Rev. 


I 


1  Maclean's  His.  of  P.  College. 

»  His  monumental  inscription  is  in  Ferguson's  History  of  Hanover  Church. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  269 

Gkeen.  Greenland. 

John  Picrson,  of  Woodbridgc,  and  a  grand-daughter  of 
Abraham,  first  President  of  Yale  College.  President 
Green  died  in  1848.^ 


Henry  Greenland 
Was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Piscataway.  His  name 
appears  in  the  annals  of  that  town  as  one  of  those  for 
whom  lands  were  surveyed.  He  was  styled  "  Doctor"  in 
1678,  and  subsequently  "  Captain,"  by  which  title  he  is 
designated  in  some  disorderly  proceedings  in  168 1,  for 
which  the  general  assembly  declared  him  incapable  of 
holding  office  ;  an  act  however  disallowed  by  the  Proprie- 
taries. He  was  probably  the  person  alluded  to  in  the 
following  extract  from  Coffin's  History  of  Newbury, 
Massachusetts,  pp.  64-66-7.  "  1662  Doctor  Henr}^  Green- 
land and  his  wife  came  to  Newbury.  He  appears  to  have 
been  a  man  of  good  education,  but  passionate,  unprinci- 
pled and  grossly  immoral.  He,  of  course,  soon  became 
involved  in  difficulties  with  his  neighbors,  and  caused 
great  excitement  among  the  sober  citizens  of  the  town, 
who  had  not  been  accustomed  to  such  specimens  of 
immorality  as  he  had  displayed  before  them."  In 
March,  for  some  gross  offence  against  good  morals,  the 
Court  sentenced  him  "  to  be  imprisoned  till  the  next 
sessions  of  the  Court,  then  to  be  whipped  or  paj^  a  fine 
of  thirty  pounds,  and  be  bound  to  good  behavior.  One 
of  the  witnesses  in  his  behalf  testified  that  '  he  had  been 
a  soldier  and  was  a  gentleman,  and  they  must  have  their 
liberties.'  Another  asserted  that  as  he  w^as  'a  great  man, 
it  would  be  best  not  to  make  on   uprore,  but  to  let  him 

'  Early  history  of  Morris  County,  in  His.  Coll.  and  MSS.  of  His.  Soc.  of  N . 
J.,  by.Jos.  F.  I'uttle.      His.  of  Hanover  Church,  by  Rev,  J.  .A.  Ferguson. 
1  9 


270  HISTORY   OF   N,   J.    MEDICINE. 

Greenland.  Greenman.  Griffith. 

goe  away  privately.'  "  In  September  following  (1664)  he 
was  convicted,  with  one  other,  of  an  assault,  for  which  he 
was  again  fined  and  bound  to  keep  the  peace.  He 
appealed  to  the  general  court,  but  his  sentence  was  con- 
firmed, and  he  was  ordered  "to  depart  the  jurisdiction 
and  not  to  practise  Physick  or  Surgery."  From  1666  to 
1672  he  resided  in  Kittery,  and  it  is  probable  that  soon 
after  this  he  became  a  resident  of  New  Jersey.  1 

On  a  map  of  Hillsborough  tOAvnship,  made  in  1685, 
Dr.  Greenland  is  noted  as  a  purchaser  of  a  lot  of  land  at 
the  mouth  of  Stonybrook,  on  the  Millstone  River.  ^ 


David  Greenman 
Received  his  license  to  practice  medicine  in  New  Jersey, 
in  1787,  and  was  that  year  admitted   a   member  of  the 
Medical  Society.     The  only  item  we  have  obtained  of  Dr. 
Greenman,  is  from  a  slip  of  paper  without  date,  found 
among   the  papers  of  a  resident   of  Burlington,  who  died 
twenty-six  years  since.      It  reads  thus  :   "  Dr.   Greenman 
died   here  of  yellow  fever."     The  first   epidemic   of  the 
fever,  in    Philadelphia,  was   in  1793.      It   seems   probable    \\ 
that  the    Doctor  was  a  resident  of  Burlington,  and  con-    1; 
tracting  disease  in  Philadelphia,  died  at  his  home.  ;i 


John   Griffith, 
One   of  the  founders  of  the   Medical   Society,   in    1766,   .{ 
resided  in   Rahway.     He  married   Elizabeth,  daughter  of    | 
Nathaniel,    and   sister    of   Dr.    Stephen   Camp,   and   sue-     i 
ceeded  to  his  practice,  occupying  the  same  house.     He   ,| 

1  W.  A.  Whitehead's  contributions  to  E.  J.  His. 
^  Corwin's  His.  of  Millstone  Chh. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  2/1 

Griffith. 

was  highly  esteemed  as  a  physician  and  citizen.  An  old 
lady,  now  living  in  Railway,  remembers  him  as  the  one 
who  inoculated  her  for  the  small  pox.  She  describes  him 
as  a  stout,  "  quite  stirring  "  man,  pleasant  and  jolly.  His 
monumental  inscription  reads  : 

JOHN  GRIFFITH  M.  D.  born 
19  Nov.,  1736,  DIED  23  Aug.,  1805. 

He  had  issue,  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  Dr. 
Thomas;  William  Esq.,  of  Burlington,  a  distinguished 
lawyer  and  author  of  "Griffith's  Law  Regi.ster,  1822;" 
John,  a  merchant  of  New  York,  and  Nathaniel,  who  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  John.  One  of  his  daughters, 
Lydia,  married  Dr.  Abraham  Clark.  ^ 


Thomas  Griffith, 

Son  of  the  foregoing,  was  born  in  1765.  He  died  in 
Elizabethtown,  December,  1799,  at  the  age  of  thirty. 
His  remains  were  buried  in  Newark,  where  he  lived  and 
where  at  his  early  age  he  acquired  reputation  in  his  pro- 
fession. The  Sentiut'l  of  Frct'doin,  published  in  Newark, 
date  December  17th,  1799,  says: 

"  The  death  of  Dr.  Griffith  is  sincerely  and  universally  lamented, 
being  a  great  loss  to  his  family,  the  town,  and  to  society.  He  pos- 
sessed a  considerable  degree  of  literature  ;  was  eminent  as  a  surgeon 
and  physician,  and  his  liberality  to  his  patients  of  poverty  will  long  be 
remembered.  In  his  deportment  he  was  modest,  manners  agreeable, 
conduct  through  life  amiable,  his  morals  unblemished — ar,  honor  to 
his  profession  and  left  an  example  worthy  of  imitation." 

He  became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in  1787. 


»  MSS.  Notes,  J.  P.  Bradley. 


2/2  HISTORY   OF   N.   J,    MEDICINE. 

Haight.  Halstead. 

Thomas  Griffith  Haight 

Was  the  third  son  of  Joseph  Griffith,  and  Hannah  Haight, 
of  Monmouth  County.  He  was  born  March  20th,  1764. 
During  the  very  Hinited  period  of  his  professional  Hfe,  he 
was  settled  and  practised  at  Shrewsbury.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  Medical  Society  in  1785.  He  died  of 
phthisis,  in  his  twenty-fifth  year,  April  17th,  1788,  and 
was  buried  in  the  place  of  his  residence. 


Robert  Halstead 

Descended  from  Timothy,  the  first  of  the  name  in  Eliza- 
bethtown,  who  came  from  England  and  settled  first  in 
Hempstead.  Long  Island,  where  his  name  appears  on  the 
tax  list  of  1685.1  He  became  one  of  the  associates  of 
Elizabethtown,  with  his  brother.^  He  died  February 
27th,  1734,  aged  seventy-six.  Dr.  Robert  was  probably 
his  grand-son,  and  a  son  of  Caleb,  the  oldest  of  twelve 
children. 

It  is  said  of  his  father  Caleb,  that  he  was  an  old  man 
during  the  Revolution,  and  probably  feeble.  When  the 
British  were  seen  coming  over  from  Staten  Island  to  the 
point,  the  people  of  his  farm  used  to  hide  him  in  the 
wheat  field,  till  the  enemy  passed  by.  Nancy,  one  of  his 
daughters,  married  Joseph  Camp,  of  Camptown,  near 
Newark.  She  was  noted  during  the  war  for  her  coolness 
and  courage,  in  firing  upon  a  foraging  party  of  the  enemy, 
and  then  giving  the  alarm  to  the  Americans.  For  this 
act  siie  was  toast  edand  handsomely  complimented  by 
Washington,   at   a   dinner    party  in   Morristown.     Caleb, 


•  Thompson's  L.  I. 

*  Hatfield's  His.  of  Elizabethtown. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  273 

Halsted. 

senior,  married  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Robert  Ogden,  one 
of  the  eminent  men  of  the  State. 

Dr.  Robert  was  born  in  1746,  and  died  November  17th, 
1825,  aged  seventy-nine.  He  married  (i)  Mary  Wiley, 
who  died  soon  after  the  close  of  the  war.  Married  (2) 
Mary  Mills,  who  died  in  1845,  in  her  seventy-ninth  year. 
The  Doctor  was  held  in  high  esteem  as  a  physician.  It 
is  said  that  he  was  demonstrative,  bold,  energetic  and 
sometimes  stern  in  manner.  He  was  strict  in  his  observ- 
ance of  the  Sabbath,  a  regular  church  goer,  and  always  in 
his  seat  at  the  hour  of  worship.  It  did  not  lessen  his 
practice,  nor  convey  the  impression  that  he  had  little 
practice  to  detain  him,  while  it  ministered  to  the  good  of 
both  soul  and  body.  Though  sometimes  a  little  brusque 
in  speech  and  manner,  it  was  because  there  was  no  non- 
sense about  him.  He  knew  how  to  unite  strength  and 
earnestness  with  much  large  heartedness.  He  was  de- 
cided and  outspoken  in  his  patriotic  sentiments,  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  war,  and  thus  made  himself  obnoxious  to  the 
loyalists.  He  suffered  in  consequence,  being  arrested  and 
taken  to  New  York  and  confined  in  the  old  sugar  house, 
where  so  many  were  imprisoned. 

His  remains  were  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  Eiiza- 
bethtown,  over  which  a  fine  marble  monument  has  been 
erected.^ 


Caleb  Halsted 
Was   a   brother  of  Robert.     Born   September   15,    1752. 
He  married  Abigail  Lyon.      Four  of  his  children  grew  to 
mature    life,   viz  :     Mary,    married   Gen.    Isaac    Andruss ; 
Phebe  Roberts,  married  Luther  Goble  ;  Jos.  Lyon,  married 

>  Rev.  Wm.  Hall's  Newspaper  Sketch.     Hatfield's  His.,  &c. 


274  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Halsthd.  Hammell. 

Ellen  Turk,  and  Caleb  Stockton  married  Margaret  Roome. 
The  Doctor  lived  at  Connecticut  Farms.  He  was  a 
man  of  fine  presence,  in  height  five  feet  eight  or  nine 
inches,  slightly  corpulent,  weighed  about  two  hundred 
pounds.  He  is  remembered  as  a  peculiarly  cheerful, 
benevolent  and  genial  man,  very  popular  with  all  classes 
of  society.  During  the  French  Revolution  the  French 
residents  around  Eliz'town,  and  there  were  many  there, 
were  very  partial  to  him,  and  placed  themselves  under 
his  professional  care.  "  He  held  a  high  reputation  as  a 
theoretical  and  practical  physician.  In  public  and  private 
life  distinguished  for  his  philanthropy  and  benevolence 
of  character.  He  added  to  his  other  qualities,  in  an 
eminent  degree,  the  virtues  of  a  sincere  and  practical 
Christian.  He  died  at  the  house  of  Luther  Goble,  Esq., 
in  Newark."  1  He  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  at  Con- 
necticut Farms.     His  tombstone  bears  the  inscription  : 

Sacred 
to  the  memory  of 

Doctor 

CALEB    HALSTED 

who  died 

August  the  i8th,  A.  D.  1827 

Aged  74  years  ii  months 

AND  3  DAYS. 

And  I  heard  a  voice  saying  unto  me 
Write  Blessed  are  the  dead  who  die  in 
the  Lord.     Yea  Saith  the  Sjjirit  tliat  they 
may  rest  from  their  labors  and  their 
works  do  follow  them . — Rev.  14-13. 2 


John  Hammell 
Was  commissioned  Surgeon's  mate.  Col.  Van  Cortland's 
Battalion,  Heard's  Brigade,  July  24,  1776.2      He  did  not 

»  Newark  Seniinel 0/  Freedom. 

=  Wm.  Hall's  Newspaper  Sketch,  et  aliis . 

'  Stryker"s  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  2/5 

Hammell.  Hampton.  Harkis. 

maintain  his  integrity  as  a  patriotic  officer,  as  appears  by 
the  following  extract  from  the  minutes  of  the  Council  of 

Safety,  November  31,  1777: 

"  Agreed  that  John  Hammell,  a  surgeon  in  the  service  of  his  Brit- 
annic Majesty,  who  went  from  this  State,  of  which  he  was  a  subject, 
since  the  passing  of  the  Treason  Law  of  this  State,  to  join  the  British 
army,  and  lately  taken  prisoner  on  Staten  Island  by  a  detachment  of 
the  militia,  commanded  by  Major  Gen.  Dickinson,  be  committed  to 
Trenton  Jail  for  high  treason." 

He  was  subsequently  released  or  escaped,  as  Sabine,  in 
his  "  Loyalists,"  says  that  1782  he  was  Surgeon  of  the  3d 
Battalion  New  Jersey  Volunteers  (loyalist). 


John  Hampton. 
Bateman,  in  his  History  of  Medical  Men  of  Cumber- 
land, notices  Jno.  T.  Hampton  as  born  in  Swedesboro,  in 
1753.  Practised  in  Cedarville,  and  died  September  29, 
1794.  Married  Mrs.  Mercy  Westcott,  who  survived  him 
many  years.  Stryker,  in  his  Register,  notes  him  as 
"  Surgeon,  Col.  Enos  Seeley's  Battalion,  State  troops  of 
Morris  Co." 


Doctor Harris 

Is  named  among  the  list  of  members  of  the  First  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  New  Brunswick,  1786. 


Isaac  Harris 
Was  born   in    1741    and  educated   in    East    Jersey.     He 
married    Margaret   Pierson,    of    either    Morris    or    Essex 
County.     The  issue  of  this  union  was  four  children,  two 


276  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Harris. 

of  them  sons — Israel,  who  studied  ^law,  and  Dr.  Isaac, 
who  practised  his  profession  in  Woodstown,  Salem 
County,  until  his  death,  April  16,  1811,  aged  forty.  By  a 
second  marriage  he  had  one  daughter  and  four  sons,  one 
of  whom,  SajHiicl,  practised  medicine  in  Camden  for 
twenty  or  thirty  years  previous  to  his  death,  which 
occurred  about  1830,  aged  sixty-one. 

The  subject  of  this  memoir,  in  his  early  life  and  man- 
hood, settled  near  Ouibbletown,  Piscataway  township, 
Middlesex  County,  where  he  practised  his  profession. 
He  possessed  an  elegant  residence  and  farm,  which  was 
purchased  by  the  father  of  Lewis  Stille,  which  the 
latter  afterwards  occupied.  After  the  sale  of  his  place, 
Dr.  Harris  removed  to  Pittsgrove,  Salem  County,  about 
1 77 1,  where  he  lived  many  years,  practising  with  great 
success.  For  many  years  his  office  was  the  resort  of 
students  from  Somerset  County  and  elsewhere.  He  pos- 
sessed a  good  medical  library,  and  had  a  reputation  as  a 
prominent  man  in  his  profession.  He  was  among  those 
who  first  responded  to  the  call  for  the  formation  of  a 
medical  society,  and  was  the  sixth  signer  to  the  "  Instru" 
ments  of  Association."  He  then  resided  in  Middlesex. 
After  his  removal  to  South  Jersey,  in  November,  1771,  he 
gave  as  a  reason  for  non-attendance  at  the  meetings  of 
the  Society,  his  distant  residence,  and  requested  that  he 
be  considered  a  corresponding  member.  He  was  elected 
President  of  the  Society  in  1792.  In  the  war  of  1776  he 
was  commissioned  Surgeon  in  Gen.  Newcomb's  brigade. 
State  troops. 

It  is  written  of  him  that  he  '"  fulfilled  with  integrity 
and  honor  the  various  duties  of  husband,  parent,  ph)'si- 
cian,  patriot  and  public  officer  in  the  church,  and  in  the 
state,  crowning  them  all  by  the  virtues  of  an  eminently 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  2// 

Harris.  DeHart. 

christian  life."  In  addition  to  his  sons  who  were  physi- 
cians, we  add  the  name  of  his  grandson,  Dr.  Henry  S. 
Harris,^  now  living  at  about  fourscore  at  Belvidere,  from 
whose  manuscript  much  of  this  memoir  is  derived. 

In  the  Presbyterian  grave  yard  at  Daretown,  Salem 
County,  stands  his  monument  thus  inscribed  : 

IN   MEMORY   OF 

ISAAC  HARRIS,  ESQ., 

WHO    DEPARTED   THIS    LIFE    A.    D.    1808 
IN    THE   68th    year    OF   HIS    AGE. 

He  sustained  for  many  years  the  character  of  an 
eminent  physician,  an  upright  civil  magistrate 
and  a  faithful  elder  and  deacon  in  the  Church 
of  Christ.  His  piety  was  exemplary  and  his 
death  triumphant. 

Dr.  Isaac  Harris  had  two  brothers  physicians,  viz.  : 
Jacob  Harris,  Surgeon's  Mate,"  First  battalion.  Second 
Establishment,  November  28,  1776;  Surgeon's  Mate, 
Fourth  battalion.  Second  Establishment,  February  26, 
1777;  Surgeon's  Mate,  First  Regiment,  September  26, 
1780;  Surgeon  Third  Regiment,  November  16,  1782; 
discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war.^  He  dressed  the 
wound  of  Count  Dunop,  at  Red  Bank,  Commander  of  the 
Hessians,  who  died  at  a  farm  house  at  the  mouth  of 
Woodbury  creek.  After  the  war  he  migrated  to  Long 
Island,  where  he  died  unmarried. 

Benjamin  Harris,  who  practised  in  Pittsgrove  and  died 
in  middle  life  ;  the  preceptor  and  afterwards  the  father- 
in-law  of  Dr.  James  Stratton. 


Matthias  DeHart. 
There  were  several  brothers  of   DeHaerdt,   as   it  was 
spelled  in    the  earlier   records,  citizens  of  the   old   Dutch 

'  His  autobiography  is  found  in  Blane's  His.  of  Med.  Men  of  Hunterdon  Co., 
published  ni  Transactions  of  the  Med.  Soc.  of  N.  J.,  1872. 
^  Stryker's  Register. 


2/8  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

DeHart.  Hay. 

New  Amsterdam,  in  1658.  One  was  a  physician,  Doctor 
Daniel,  another,  Belthaser,  a  wealthy  merchant,  who  was 
the  progenitor  of  the  family  in  Elizabethtown.  Capt. 
Matthias  was  his  son  who  migrated  to  Elizabethtown 
about  the  close  of  the  17th  century.  He  was  the  grand- 
father of  Dr.  Matthias.  In  the  Weekly  Post  Boy,  Novem- 
ber, 1752,  the  Doctor  advertises  for  a  runaway  Irish 
servant  man.  Another  memorial  of  him  is  a  massive 
monumental  slab  in  St.  John's  cemetery,  with  the  record  : 

DR.  MATTHIAS  DeHART, 

OLDEST   SON   OF    COL.    JACOB    DEHART, 
DIED    1766,    AGED   43   YEARS. 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he  became  blind,  and  had 
an  African  servant  to  attend  upon  him.     This  attendant 
made  himself  useful   to   his   master  wnth   his   needle,   in 
repairing  and  binding  on  the  lacework  of  his  coat  accord- 
ing to  the  fashion   of  his   times.     The   Dr.  married  into 
the  family  of  Kingsland,  at  Second  River.      He  had  sev- 
eral children.     Three  of  his  sons  were  in  the  Revolution- 
ary army,  viz. :   Maurice,  Major  and  Aid-de-Camp  to  Gen. 
Irvine,  and  subsequently  to  Gen.  Wayne.      He  was  killed    ': 
at  Fort  Lee.      William,  Major  in  1775,  and  Lieut.  Col.  in    j 
1777;    resigned  in    1780;    a  lawyer  by   profession,  who     | 
lived  in  Morristown.     Also,  a  young  son  who  was  killed, 
at  the  early  age  of  18,  while  storming  a  fort.^ 


Adam  Hay. 

Was  a   resident   of  Woodbridge   as    early    as    1737.     In 
that  year  his  name   appears  as  a  subscriber  to  a   fund  for 


'  Hatfield's  Elizabeth.     Rev.  Wm.  Hall's  Newspaper  sketch. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  279 

Hay.  Henderson. 

enclosing  the  ground  and  plastering  the  church  of  St. 
Peter's,  Amboy.  In  1739  he  was  one  of  its  vestrymen. 
His  will,  Adam  Hay  "  Doctor  of  Physick  "  of  Wood- 
bridge,  is  dated  November  12,  1739.  Probated,  June 
3-5-  1741-' 


Thomas  Henderson, 

Was  of  Scotch  descent.  The  graves  of  his  ancestors  are 
found  in  the  Old  Scotch  burying  place  in  Marlboro. 
The  date  of  death  on  his  father's  stone  is  1771  ;  that  on 
his  grandfather's  1722.  The  little  that  is  known  of  his 
parentage  indicates  integrity  and  piety,  his  father  having 
been  a  ruling  elder  as  early  as  1744. 

Thomas  was  born  in  Freehold  in  1743.  He  studied  at 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  and  received  its  honors  in 
1761.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  N.  Scudder,  and 
commenced  practice  in  his  native  county,  when  he  was 
about  twenty-two  years  of  age.  He  was  admitted  a 
member  of  the  Medical  Society  at  its  second  meeting, 
1766,  at  the  same  time  with  his  preceptor,  Dr.  Scudder. 
He  married  Mary  Hendricks,  granddaughter  of  Wm. 
Wikoff,  who  died  very  soon  after  her  marriage,  of  con- 
sumption. The  friends  of  the  Dr.  feared  that  the  wife's 
disease  had  been  communicated  to  him,  as  his  health 
failed  him,  rendering  necessary  a  removal  to  a  warmer 
climate,  (tradition  says  Cuba).  The  result  of  the  change 
was  satisfactory ;  as  his  life  was  long  and  vigorous 
although  terminated  by  consumption.  In  January,  1778, 
he  married  (2)   Rachael,   daughter  of  John    Burrowes,  of 


»  W.  A.  Whitehead's  Contrib.  MSS.  Notes,  Wm.  ].  Potts. 


28o  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Henderson. 


I 


Middletown  Point.  The  house  in  which  the  marriage  took 
place  is  still  standing,  and  occupied  by  Dr.  Pitman,  dent- 
ist. The  marriage  ceremony  was  performed  by  Dominie 
Dubois  ;  Tennent  the  Pastor  and  valued  friend  of  the  Dr. 
having  died  in  1777. 

Coming  into  the  maturity  of  his  life  in  the  stirring 
period  of  our  country's  history,  the  Doctor's  earlier  record 
is  that  of  a  public  man.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Pro- 
vincial Council,  in  1777.  His  army  record  is  as  follows: 
"  Second  Major,  Col.  Stewart's  Battalion,  'minute  men,' 
February  15th,  1776;  Major,  Col.  Heard's  Battalion,  June 
14th,  1776;  Lieut.  Col.,  Col.  Forman's  Battalion,  Heard's 
Brigade  ;   Brigade  Major,  Monmouth."^ 

At  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  he  was  "  supernumerary." 
None  the  less  efficient  on  that  account.  He  it  was,  who 
is  noticed  by  the  Historian  as  the  "  Solitary  horseman," 
who  rode  up  to  Gen.  Washington,  at  Freehold  Court 
House,  as  he  stood  dismounted  beside  his  horse,  with  his 
arm  over  its  shoulder,  and  informed  him  of  the  retreat  of 
Gen.  Lee. 

A  short  time  after  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  an  account 
of  the  depredations  committed  by  the  British  when  in  the 
county,  was  communicated  to  the  Jersey  Gazette,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  written  by  Col.  Henderson.  He  des- 
cribes the  "devastation"  made  in  some  parts  of  Free- 
hold, which  "  exceeds  perhaps  any  they  have  made  for  the 
distance  in  their  rout  through  the  State.  They  burnt 
and  destroyed  eight  dwelling  houses,  all  on  farms  adjoin- 
ing each  other,  besides  barns  and  outhouses.  The  first 
they  burnt  was  my  own." 

He  vyas   elected    to  Congress   and   served    in    the    last 


'  Stryker's  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  28 1 

Henderson. 

under  Washington's  administration.  In  1794,  Governor 
Howell,  of  New  Jersey,  went  into  Pennsylvania  to  aid  in 
the  suppression  of  the  "Whiskey  insurrection."  Dr. 
Henderson,  as  Vice-President  of  Council,  became  acting 
Governor.  During  the  remainder  of  his  life  he  was  con- 
stantly employed-  in  public  services,  as  Surrogate,  Mem- 
ber of  the  Legislature,  Judge  of  Common  Pleas,  and 
Commissioner  to  settle  boundaries  between  New  Jersey 
and  Pennsylvania.  He  did  not  relinquish  the  duties  of 
his  professional  calling.  We  have  before  us  two  of  his 
bills  for  professional  service,  one  dated  November  12th, 
1766;  the  other  October  loth,  1791.  They  read  as  fol- 
lows :  1st.  "  For  visits  &  attendance  Negro's  £2!'  2d. 
"  Acct  against  y^  estate  of  Lewis  Goodard  is  ;^27.  6s. 
IIS.   in  y^   £  is  ^^"5.  6.  i." 

Dr.  Henderson  was  dignified  as  a  gentleman,  cool  in 
his  judgment,  never  allowing  himself  to  be  carried  away 
by  passion,  very  decided  in  his  opinions  and  remarkably 
tenacious  of  his  honor.  When  he  was  a  candidate  for 
office,  it  is  said  that  he  never  sought  a  vote,  and  would 
not  even  be  seen  at  the  polls  on  election  day.  He  was 
also  a  man  of  earnest  piety,  serving  as  a  Ruling  Elder  in 
Tennent  Church  for  more  than  forty  years.  In  the 
Library  of  the  Historical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  is  a 
manuscript  written  by  him  to  Hon.  Elias  Boudinot,  giv- 
ing incidents  in  Tennent's  life,  of  which  he  was  cog- 
nizant, and  his  impressions  of  him  as  a  godly  man,  bear- 
ing testimony  also  to  the  effect  of  his  instructions  and  the 
power  of  his  exemplary  life  upon  his  own  Christian  char- 
acter. He  was  his  minister's  physician  and  was  with  him 
during  the  last  twenty  four  hours  of  his  life.  He  was 
buried  in  the  old  Tennent  Churchyard. 


282  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Henderson. 
IN 

MEMORY    OF 

DR.  THOMAS  HENDERSON 

who  departed  this  life 

Dec  is  1824 

aged  81  years 

He  served  his  Country  and  State  faithfully 

Was  honored  and  beloved 

He  died  in  the  hope  of  a  better  life 

Through  the  Merits  of  the  Redeemer. 

And  of 

RACHAEL 

HIS    WIFE 

Born  Sept.  1751 

And  died 

August  226.  A.  D.  1840 

The  memory  of  the  Just  is  precious. 

His  children  (all  by  hi.s  second  marriage,  and  daughters,) 
were : 

I.  Mary  married  Richd.  M.  Green,  of  Lawrenceville ; 
had  issue  five  children. 

II.  Anna  died  1843,  unmarried. 

III.  Catharine  Burrowes  married,  18 18,  Rev.  Eli  F. 
Cooley,  of  Trenton  ;  had  issue  two  children. 

IV.  Hope  Burrowes  married,  1811,  John  B.  Forman.  of 
Freehold  ;  had  issue  three  children. 

V.  y^;/^  died  1803,  unmarried. 

VI.  Eliza  married  Cyrus  Bruen,  of  Freehold  ;  had  issue 
two  children. 

VII.  Matilda  married,  181 3,  Rev.  John  G.  Bergen,  of 
Madison,  afterwards  of  Springfield,  Illinois ;  issue  five 
children. 

Thus  of  three  sisters  we  find  three  families. — Greens, 
Cooleys,  Formans,  Brucns  and  Bergens.  The  only  one 
of  Dr.  Henderson's  children,  direct  or  by  marriage,  now 
living,  is  Hon.  Cyrus  Brucn,  of  Freehold  (now  ninety), 
who  married  Eliza,  to  whom  the  author  of  these  annals  is 
indebted  for  much  of  the  material  of  this  memoir.^ 


1  Barber  and  Howe's  Coll.,  &c. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  283 

Hendrickson.  Hendry. 

Daniel  Hendrickson 
Lived  in  Middletown.  Monmouth  County,  in  i6g8.  He 
purchased  a  farm  of  large  extent  in  that  town,  which  had 
been  conveyed  by  the  Lords  Proprietors,  in  1676,  to  John 
WiUiam  and  Thomas  Whittocks.  That  he  was  a  physician 
appears  from  a  statement  made  by  his  grand-son  to  a  reH- 
able  person  now  living  (1877)  and  allied  to  the  family,  to 
the  effect,  that  he  was  sometimes  called  in  his  practice  to 
go  as  far  as  Crosswicks,  a  ride  of  about  thirty-five  miles. 
Whether  he  was  educated  as  a  medical  man,  is  unknown. 
He  was  a  man  of  standing,  being  High  Sheriff  of  the 
county,  in  1706.      He  died  in  1727. 

The  farm  he  owned  and  cultivated  is  now  helci  by  his 
great-great-grandson,  Hon.  Wm.  H.  Hendrickson,  of  the 
Senate  of  New  Jersey. 


Thomas  Hendry 
Was  born  in  Burlington,  where  his  ancestors  settled  in 
the  early  history  of  the  Province.  He  settled  for  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Woodbury,  Gloucester 
County,  where  he  became  a  popular  physician  and  had  an 
extensive  practice.  During  the  Revolutionary  war  he 
was  commissioned  Superintendent  of  Hospital,  April  3d, 
^777  \  Surgeon  Third  Battalion,  Gloucester. ^  "Testimo- 
nials from  Gen.  Dickinson  and  Gen.  Heard  certifying  that 
Dr.  Hendry  had  served  as  a  surgeon  to  a  brigade  of  mili- 
tia, that  he  had  acted  as  a  Director  and  Superintendant 
of  an  Hospital,  and  recommending  that  he  should  be 
allowed  a  compensation  adequate  to  such  extraordinary 
services,  was  read  and  referred  to  the  Hon'ble  Congress.  "^ 

>  Stryker's  Register. 

'  Minutes  of  Council  of  Safety,  April,  1777. 


284  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Hendry.  Henry. 

After  the  war  he  was  an  active  politician,  and  was  at  one 
time  Clerk  of  the  County.  He  died  at  Woodbury  in 
1822.  The  Gloucester  Herald  and  Farmer  for  Wednes- 
day, 1 8th  September,  1822,  has  the  notice  : 

"  In  this  town,  (Woodbui^)  on  Thursday  afternoon  last,  Dr. 
Thomas  Hendiy  in  the  75th  year  of  his  age,  long  a  valued  and  re- 
spectable practitioner  of  medicine.  In  him  our  country'  has  lost  one 
of  the  few  remaining  relics  of  that  immortal  band  of  patriots  who  ral- 
lied around  her  revolutionar)'  Standard  ;  devoting  their  lives  to  the 
defence  of  that  independence  which  we  now  enjoy." 

He  left  one  son  Dr.  Bozvnian  Hendry,  who  practised  in 
Haddonfield,  and  died  in  1838.  The  latter  left  three 
sons  who  were  physicians  :  Charles,  who  lived  in  Haddon- 
field, Bowviayi,  of  Camden,  and  a  third  son  (name  not 
known). 

A  memoir  of  Dr.  Bowman  (i)  was  published  in  1848.1 


♦ 


Robert  R.  Henry 
Was  living,  at  the  commencement  of  the  Revolution,  in 
Somerset  County,  having  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1776. 
He  entered  the  service  and  was  commissioned  as  surgeon's 
mate  in  General  Hospital,  Continental  Army,  March  17, 
1777,2  as  assistant  to  Dr.  Cochran,  who  had  charge  of  the 
hospitals.  He  was  afterwards  commissioned  in  the  regu- 
lar troops,  serving  four  years  in  Col.  Read's  Regiment  of 
the  brigade  of  Gen.  Poor,  N.  H.  line.  He  was  at  the 
battle  of  Brandywine ;  in  the  hospitals  at  Morristown 
and  Danbury,  Connecticut,  in  1780;  was  in  the  fight  at 
Croton  River,  when  Col.  Green.  2d  R.  I.  Reg.,  and  Major 
Flagg  were  killed  by  his  side,  and  was  liimself  seriously 

•  MSS.  His.  Notes  Wm.  J.  Potts,  et  aliis . 

*  Stryker's  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  285 

Henry.  Hole. 

wounded  in  the  arm  and  taken  prisoner.  He  was  also 
with  General  SulHvan's  expedition  in  Western  New- 
York.  He  continued  in  the  service  until  the  armies  were 
disbanded,  then  settled  at  Cross  Roads,  Somerset  County, 
New  Jersey,  where  he  died  December  27,  1805.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  in 
1785,  from  which  we  infer  that  he  continued  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  after  the  war. 

While  in  Danbury,  Connecticut,  he  married,  April, 
1780,  Mary  Hillard,  of  Reading,  Connecticut,  living  a  few 
miles  from  headquarters.  His  wife  and  ten  children  sur- 
vived him.  His  widow,  in  1836,  was  living  at  Penn  Van, 
Yates  County,  New  York,  aged  seventy-five.^ 


John  Hole, 
Son  of  Charles  Hole,  practised  medicine  in  Washington 
Valley,  between  New  Providence  and  Westfield,  Union 
County.  He  married  ( i)  Hannah  Clark,  (2)  Mercy, 
daughter  of  Jeremy  Ludlow.  He  had  children,  Jeremiah, 
Mary,  Elizabeth,  Jane.  The  latter  married  Jacob  Mul- 
ford.2 

In  the  Presbyterian  churchyard  are  two  little  brown 
headstones:  "William,  son  of  John  and  Massee  Hole, 
died  Augt  ye  24,  1785,  aged  2  years."  "  Mary,  daughter 
of  Doct.  John  and  Massee  Hole,  died  July  y^  12,  1787, 
aged  6  years  16  days."     On  the  headstone  of  the  latter: 

"A  dropsy  sore  long  time  I  Ijore 
Forsitions  were  in  vain 
Till  God  above  did  hear  my  moan 
And  eased  me  of  my  pain." 


>  Toner's  MSS.  Biographies  of  Am.  Physicians. 
'  Littells  Genealogies. 

20 


286  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Hole.  Holmes. 

At  the  time  Dr.  Hole  lived,  there  was  less  uniformity 
than  now  in  the  mode  of  spelling,  but  even  then  refer- 
ence was  had  to  the  idem  sonans.  It  is  fair  to  infer  that 
the  Doctor  had  enjo}-ed  very  limited  advantages  in  his 
educational  training.  In  Dr.  Elmer's  accounts,  supra,  a 
consultation  with  Dr.  Hole  is  noted.  It  is  supposed  that 
about  1792  he  migrated  with  his  brother  Daniel  and 
other  families  to  Warren  County,  Ohio. 


J.vMEs  Holmes. 

"  Surgeon,  Battalion  '  minute  men.'  Sussex,  October  28, 
1775.  Surgeon,  Continental  Arm)',  2d  Battalion,  ist 
Establishment,  Dec.  21,  1775.  Surgeon,  2d  Battalion,  2d 
Establishment,  declined,"^  He  was  one  of  the  original 
members  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati  of  New 
Jersey." 

Dr.  Blane,  in  his  history  of  medical  men  of  Hunterdon, 

notices  a  Dr.  Holmes  as  a  successful  and  skillful 

practitioner,  residing  early  in  the  century  in  Timber 
Swamp,  then  Sussex,  from  whence  he  moved  to  W^estern 
New  York  or  still  further  west. 


JOSIAH    HORNBLOWER 

Was  a  son  of  Josiah  who  came  to  America  about  1745> 
for  the  purpose  of  superintending  the  opening  and  effec- 
tual working  of  a  copper  mine  at  Belleville,  New  Jersey. 
He  married  there  and  had  a  numerous  issue. 

Tlie  Doctor  was  born  at  Belleville,  May  23,  1767;  read 
medicine    with    Dr.    Thomas    Steele,    of  Belleville.      He 

'  Strykers  Register. 
2  Jos.  M.  Toner,  M.  D. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  287 

HORNBLOWER.  HORTON. 

commenced  practice  in  the  town  of  Bergen,  now  Jersey 
City  Hights,  in  1789,  his  field  of  practice  extending  to 
all  that  is  now  Hudson  County,  Old  Hackensack  and 
Fort  Lee,  in  Bergen  Count)',  and  also  frequently  crossing 
the  Kill  Von  Kull  to  the  northerh'  end  of  Staten  Island. 
From  1789  to  1807  he  was  one  of  two  or  three  physicians 
resident  within  that  district. 

In  the  war  of  18 12  he  was  appointed  surgeon,  and 
assigned  to  duty  at  the  old  arsenal  now  standing  on  the 
Hights.  He  continued  in  active  practice  till  1844,  and 
died  May  8,  1848,  aged  eighty-one  years.  Two  of  his 
sons,  Josiali  and  William,  became  physicians,  of  whom 
the  latter  survives.  Three  sons-in-law,  Drs.  DeWitt, 
Gautier  and  Zabriskie,  were  also  physicians,  and  two  of 
the  sons  of  William  are  at  present  engaged  in  practice. 


Jonathan  Horton. 

Dr.  Horton  is  mentioned  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Provincial  Congress,  February  28,  1776,  as  ordered  to  be 
"a  surgeon  for  the  Western  Reg^  of  Foot  Militia,"  in  the 
County  of  Morris,  Jacob  Drake,  Esq.,  Colonel.  June  29, 
1776,  he  was  ordered  to  be  surgeon,  and  David  Ervin 
(Ewin  ?)  surgeon's  mate,  to  the  battalion  directed  to  be 
raised  in  the  counties  of  Morris  and  Sussex,  under  Col. 
Martin's  command,  destined  to  reinforce  the  army  at 
New  York. 

In  October  5,  1776,  in  a  return  of  officers  of  Col. 
Martin's  Regiment  fit  for  dut)%  he  is  named  as  surgeon. 
He  was  subsequently  surgeon  in  General  Hospital.  Died 
in  1780.1 


■  MSS.  Biography  of  Army  Surgeons,     J.  M.  Toner. 


:^88  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Hover. 

Francis  Hover 
Was  descended  from  parents  who  came  to  America  from 
Germany.  They  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Salem 
County,  New  Jersey,  where  the  Doctor  was  born.  He 
recei\'cd  his  licence  to  practice  medicine,  June  4th,  1794, 
and  commenced  his  professional  life  in  his  native  town, 
where  he  remained  for  a  few  years,  when  he  purchased  a 
farm  at  Battentown,  near  Swedesboro,  to  which  he  re- 
moved in  1805.  He  was  soon  after  married  to  Miss  An- 
thony, of  Philadelphia.  He  gave  much  attention  to  the 
cultivation  of  his  farm,  which  b}'  repeated  accessions  by 
purchase,  and  by  skill  and  industry  in  its  management  be- 
came one  of  the  largest  and  most  fertile  farms  in  the 
neighborhood.  The  family  residence  still  standing  was 
then  the  only  brick  house  in  the  region,  and  has  con- 
tinued till  the  present  time  to  be  the  residence  of  the 
family  to  whom  Dr.  Hover  sold  it  in  1812.  In  that  year  j 
he  settled  in  Camden.  An  endemic  of  typhus  fever  oc- 
curring just  after,  opened  an  opportunit}'  for  the  practice 
of  his  calling,  which  secured  for  him  reputation  for  skill 
in  his  methods  of  treatment,  one  of  which  contrary  to  the 
popular  practice,  was  to  give  cold  drinks  ad  libit ti  111.  He 
again  returned  to  Swedesboro,  where  he  practised  for  a 
number  of  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  serving  it  as  vestryman  ;  was  active  also  in  found- 
ing a  Sunday  School  taking  part  as  a  teacher;  was  also  a 
Trustee  of  the  Academy.  It  is  due  to  his  efforts  as  a 
public  citizen  that  Mr.  John  Rink,  then  of  Philadelphia, 
was  induced  to  remove  to  Swedesboro,  who  by  his  enter- 
prise and  business  talents  gave  an  impulse  to  the  trade 
and  manufactures  of  the  town,  the  good  effects  of  which 
remain.      In  1821  he  removed  to  Delaware,  and  settled  in 


I 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.   MEDICINE.  289 

*  Hover.  Howard. 

the  town  of  Smyrna,  Kent  County.  He  practised  there 
for  six  years  and  until  he  was  appointed  a  local  magis- 
trate, which  office  he  held  till  a  dropsical  affection  a.sso- 
ciated  with  heart  disease  terminated  his  life  May  29,  1832, 
at  the  age  of  sixty-nine.  While  a  resident  of  New  Jersey 
he  was  appointed  to  civil  office  in  1797  and  1808. 

Dr.  Hover  was  courteous  in  his  manners,  well  cultivated, 
benevolent  of  character,  possessed  a  dignified  presence, 
was  tall  of  figure,  with  a  well  knit  and  not  corpulent 
frame.  As  a  politician  he  was  a  federalist.  He  was  re- 
markable for  his  abstemious  habits  and  republican  sim- 
plicity. Good  conversational  powers  united  to  a  vivid 
and  retentive  memory  rendered  his  society  ever  accept- 
able to  his  friends.  His  wife  died  in  1823.  The  remains 
of  both  lie  in  the  old  Churchyard,  at  Duck  Creek  on  the 
Northern  line  of  Kent  County,  Delaware.  Four  sons  and 
four  daughters  survived  them. 


Charles  Abraham  Howard. 
We  learn  of  Dr.  Howard  first  as  a  student  of  medicine 
with  Dr.  Alexander  Ross  in  New  Brunswick.  His  pre- 
ceptor died  in  1775.  It  is  supposed  that  he  then  went 
to  New  York  and  enlisted  in  the  British  service.  While 
there,  he  married  the  widow  of  Dr.  Ross,  much  his  senior 
in  age  and  returning  to  New  Jersey  resided  at  Ross  Hall 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  Raritan.  The  disabilities  of 
citizenship  were  removed  at  a  meeting  of  the  Council  of 
Safety,  at  Princeton,  September  11,  1778,  when  it  was 
"agreed  that  Mr.  Howard,  late  Surgeon  to  the  British 
light   infantry  in   New  York  be  permitted  to  come  and 


290  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Howard.  Howell. 

settle  in  this  State,  upon  hi.s  applying  to  a  magi.strate  and 
taking  the  oath.s  of  abjuration  and  allegiance  with  all  con- 
venient speed  after  his  arrival  in  the  State." 

He  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  New  Brunswick. 
He  acquired  considerable  reputation  as  a  surgeon  and 
held  a  high  social  position  as  a  gentleman.  He  became 
a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  in  1786. 
He  was  a  member  of  Christ  Church,  and  in  1790  a  warden. 
His  habits  were  those  of  an  epicure  and  bon  vivant.  They 
probably  became  the  occasion,  or  cause  of  intensif}-ing, 
organic  disease  which  terminated  in  extensive  dropsical 
effusion  previous  to  his  death,  w^iich  occurred  before  he 
had  reached  middle  life.  In  Christ  Churchyard  is  the  in- 
scription, "  Sacred  to  the  mcmor)-  of  Dr.  Charles  Abra- 
ham Howard,  who  died  the  twenty-first  of  September, 
1 794-" 


Lewis  Howell. 
Rorn    in    the    State    of   Delaware,    1754,  where  he  was 
educated.      He    migrated    to    Cumberland    County,    and 
studied  medicine  with   Dr.    Jonathan  Elmer.     He  joined 
the   Continental  Arm\'  and    was   commissioned,   Surgeon 
Second   Battalion,    Second  Establishment.  November  28, 
1776.     Resigned  July  5,  1778.  a  few  daj's  after  the  battle     b 
of  Monmouth.      He   was   with  the   army  at   Monmouth,     j| 
but  lay  sick  with  a  fever  at   the  time  of  the  battle.      He 
died  of  the  fever  soon  after,  at   a  tavern    near  Monmouth 
Court  House. ^ 


1  Bateiuan's  Med.  His.  of  Cumberland.     Stryker's  Reg. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  29I 

Howell. 

Ebenezer  Howell, 

Was  the  second  of  twelve  children  of  Jedidiah  Howell 
and  Elizabeth  Goold,  a  daughter  of  a  Presbyterian  minis- 
ter, in  Greenwich,  Cumberland  County,  and  afterwards 
in  1748,  at  Southampton,  L.  I.  Dr.  Howell  practised  his 
profession  in  Salem  for  several  years,  and  had  a  fine  rep- 
utation for  medical  skill.  He  was  eminently  genial  in  his 
disposition  and  of  popular  manners;  pa.'^sionately  fond 
also  of  active  and  field  sports. 

Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  he  ga\e  himself 
without  reserve  to  the  cause  of  his  country,  and  took  an 
active  and  prominent  part  in  the  contest.  While  the 
enemy  under  Col.  Mawhood  occupied  Salem,  that  officer 
issued  a  proclamation.  May  21,  1777,  offering  pardon  to 
all  who  would  lay  down  their  arms,  and  submit  to  the 
authority  of  the  mother  country — threatening  in  case  of 
refusal,  to  ravage  the  neighborhood  with  fire  and  sword. 
In  his  paper,  the  British  officer  named  seventeen  promi- 
nent citizens  who  were  to  be  visited  with  special  punish- 
ment. In  that  list  appears  the  name  of  Dr  Howell.  He 
was  commissioned  June  22,  1776,  Major  in  Col.  New- 
comb's  Battalion,  Heard's  brigade,  State  troops — which 
he  declined.  He  received  a  commission  with  the  same 
rank  in  the  following  November,  in  the  Continental  Army, 
4th  Battalion,  2d  Establishment,  which  he  held  till  Feb- 
ruary, 1777,  when  he  resigned.  As  a  mark  of  the  confi- 
dence reposed  in  his  prudence  and  courage  he  was 
entrusted  by  Gen.  Washington,  October  25,  1776,  with 
a  convoy  of  ammunition  from  Mount  Washington  to  some 
point  on  the  Southern  field.  For  the  successful  perform- 
ance of  this  service,  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief, in  an  autograph  letter. 

Upon  the  close  of  the  war,  he  returned  to  Salem  and 


202  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Howell.  Hubbard. 

resumed  the  practice  of  medicine.  He  married  Lydia 
Tuckness,  of  Philadelphia,  and  left  one  child,  a  daughter, 
who  married  Col.  John  Sinnickson,  the  father  of  Clement 
H.  Sinnickson,  the  present  representative  in  Congress  of 
the  First  District. 

Dr.  Howell  died  in  1791,  aged  forty-three  years. 


Jacobus  Hubbard 
Was  a  native  of  Gravesend,  Long  Island,  born  1739. 
This  town  was  settled  by  English  people,  mostly  from 
Massachusetts,  as  early  as  1640,  who  gave  it  its  name 
from  the  town  in  England  from  which  they  sailed,  on 
their  departure  to  America.^  Among  the  immigrants 
was  "Sargent  "  James  Hubbard,  "  a  man  of  respectability 
and  influence,"  whose  son  James  was  the  father  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Clark  of  Freehold,  (see  pp.  loo-i),  and  settled  in  Holm- 
del,  Monmouth  County.  He  married  Rebecca  Swart,  a 
descendant  of  Jacob  Swart,  from  Holland,  a  freeholder  in 
the  town  of  Gravesend,  in  1650.  The  issue  of  this  mar- 
riage was  five  sons,  and  one  daughter  (died  young)  viz. : 
Jacobus,  Tunis,  Samuel,  John  and  Elias.  The  Doctor 
resided  on  the  farm  of  his  wife,  and  practised  in  its  vicin- 
ity. He  had  a  very  large  practice,  and  was  very  highly 
esteemed  and  successful  as  a  physician.  He  died  August 
1 8th,  1807,  aged  sixty-eight  years,  two  months  and 
twenty-six  days.  He  was  buried  on  his  farm,  and  about 
a  year  since  his  remains  were  removed  to  Fairview  Ceme-  n 
tery,  near  Red  Bank.  The  stone  which  marks  his  grave  I' 
is  the  old  style,  brown  stone,  and  bears  the  record  as  !• 
eiven  above.       His  son,  ! 


»  Thompson's  L.  I. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  293 

Hubbard.  Hughes.  Imlay. 

Jacobus  Hubbard,  Jr., 
Was  also  a  practitioner  of  medicine,  born  in  1776,  lived 
and  practised  at  Tinton  Falls,  Monmouth  County,  and 
died  February  25th,  1847,  aged  eighty-one.  For  his  fur- 
ther record  see  "  Thomason's  History  of  Medical  Men  of 
Monmouth  County." 


John  E.  Hughes, 
Son  of  Hugh  Hughes,  of  Hughesville,  was  a  skillful  phy- 
sician and  surgeon  and  enjoyed  a  large  practice.     He  died 
July  7th,  1825,  aged  fifty-five.      He  left  a  son,  John  Beatty 
Hughes,  who  succeeded  to  his  practice  and  died  in  1858.^ 


William  Eugene  Imlay, 
The  eldest  son  of  Peter  and  Susannah  Imlay,  was  born  in 
1755.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton  College,  in  1773. 
A  slip  of  paper  is  still  preserved,  on  wdiich  is  recorded 
"Aug.  25,  1770,  at  night,  Wm.  Imlay  went  first  to  Col- 
lege ;  "  an  event  as  memorable  to  young  Imlay,  as  it  is  to 
the  aspiring  youth  of  the  present  day.  It  does  not  ap- 
pear that  he  studied  medicine  or  practised  till  after  the 
war.  During  the  Revolution  he  was  commissioned  a 
Capt.  Third  Regiment,  Hunterdon;  also  Capt.  Continen- 
tal Army.  In  1785,  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits, in  Imlaystown.  The  next  year  he  received  a  letter 
of  introduction  (still  preserved)  from  Gov.  Livingston,  of 
New  Jersey,  "to  all  whom  it  may  concern,"  certifying 
"that  Mr.  Wm.  Eugene  Imlay  who  intends  to  settle  in 
the  western  Country,  is  a  gentleman  who  has  during  our 


1  Blane's  His.  of  Med.  Men  of  Hunterdon  Co. 


294  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Imlay. 

late  conflict  with  Gt.  Britain  approved  himself  a  decided 
and  active  Whig,  and  as  to  his  private  and  moral  charac- 
ter, it  is  without  stain  or  reproach.  He  is  moreover  a 
gentleman  of  a  liberal  education  and  highly  esteemed  by 
his  acquaintances."  Another "  letter  given  at  the  same 
time,  and  for  the  same  purpose,  signed  by  the  members 
of  the  Legislative  Council  and  General  Assembly  of  New 
Jersey,  speaks  of  him  as  "  having  served  as  a  Captain  in 
the  Army,  with  reputation."  If  he  went  west  at  all  his 
stay  was  short,  as  in  1791  we  find  him  at  Burlington,  an 
applicant  for  a  medical  license.  The  three  certificates 
which  he  presented  at  that  time,  are  still  in  the  possession 
of  the  family,  and  show  that  he  studied  medicine  with 
Samuel  F.  Conover,  and  attended  the  lectures  of  Rush 
and  Shippen,  at  Philadelphia.  His  license  to  practice 
bears  the  signatures  of  Dr.  Jno.  A.  DeNormandie,  James 
Stratton  and  Francis  Bowes  Sayre.  As  the  certificates  of 
character  from  the  Governor  and  Legislature  make  no 
reference  to  his  professional  character,  we  infer  that  he 
studied  medicine  subsequent  to  1785. 

He  settled  at  Toms  River  and  there  practised  medicine 
in  connection  with  the  sale  of  merchandise.  He  resided 
there  till  his  death.  The  inventory  of  his  estate  made  at 
Toms  River,  March  17,  1803,  names  in  the  list  of  articles 
"belonging  to  Wm.  K.  Imlay,  dec,"  "Instruments  of 
Surgery  or  Doctoring,  S5.50." 

He  was  a  prominent  Universalist,  and  as  a  writer  and 
lay  preacher  associated  with  Murray,  Seagreave,  Worth, 
Cox  and  others  of  the  Universalist  preachers  in  New 
Jersey,  from  1780  to  about  1796.  He  was  buried  in  the 
old  family  burial  ground  at  Imlaystown,  New  Jersey, 
where  a  fragment  of  a  tombstone  records  that  he  died  in 
the   forty-eighth   year  of    his  age.      His   widow,    Rhoda, 


I 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  295 

Imlay.  Jaques. 

survived   him   seventeen  years.      She  died  November  18, 
1820,  and  is  buried  in  the  same  place. 

He  was  the  author  of   a  pamphlet   on    Universalism. 
His  descendants  mierated  to  the  west. 


Moses  Jaques 
Was  a  native  of  Rah  way,  born  November  7,  1770.  His 
early  education  was  obtained  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
town.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Halstead,  of  Eliza- 
bethtown,  and  also  attended  the  lecturers  of  Dr.  Rush,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  practised  in  Rahway  and  in  Philadel- 
phia. By  reason  of  loss  of  health  he  abandoned  the 
practice  of  medicine,  and  sold  out  to  Dr.  Ralph  Marsh, 
of  Rahway.  After  this  he  entered  into  mercantile  life  in 
New  York,  in  which  he  was  very  successful.  Early  in 
1800  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Essex' 
County.  He  was  a  member  of  that  body  at  the  session 
when  the  law  was  enacted  emancipating  the  blacks  on 
their  attaining  a  certain  age.  He  was  a  warm  supporter, 
if  not  the  author  of  the  law,  for  which  an  admiring  con- 
stituency, his  father  among  the  number,  severely  censured 
him  upon  his  return  home,  they,  as  well  as  himself,  being 
holders  of  slaves.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Consti- 
tutional Convention  in  1844,  ^o''  the  County  of  Middlesex. 

He  was  of  a  nature,  kind  and  benevolent,  with  a  firm- 
ness of  purpose  amounting  it  might  almost  be  said  to 
stubborness.  If  convinced  that  a  principle  was  right  in 
the  abstract,  he  carried  it  into  practice,  if  he  could.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  but  not  partizan. 

He  moved  from   New  York,  in   1837,  to   Woodbridge, 


296  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

JAQUES.  Jennings. 

and  on  his  farm  engaged  in  agriculture,  in  which  he  found 
his  enjoyment.  He  continued  to  reside  there  till  his 
death,  in  August,  1858,  in  his  eighty-eighth  year. 


I 


Jacob  Jennings 
Was  born  in  Somerset  County,  1744,  a  son  of  Jacob 
Jennings.  He  first  practised  medicine  in  New  Provi- 
dence. While  here  he  became  a  member  of  the  Medical 
Society,  in  1770.  He  had  there  two  children:  Sarah, 
baptized  January,  1770,  Samuel  Kennedy,  baptized  Sep- 
tember, 1 77 1.  He  is  supposed  to  have  removed  from 
New  Providence  in  1772.  In  1776  he  was  commissioned 
Surgeon  of  "  detached  militia,"  Col.  Thompson's  Bat- 
talion.^ 

He  migrated  to  Readington,  known  at  that  time  as 
North  Branch,  in  1784,^  where  he  had  an  extensive  and 
successful  practice.  He  removed  thence  to  Hardy 
County,  Virginia.  Returned  to  New  Jersey  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel,  and  ordained  by  the 
Synod  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  1789.  In  1 79 1  he  was  dismissed  to  the  Presby- 
terian Church  as  a  member  of  the  "  Old  Redstone " 
Presbytery,  extending  indefinitely  over  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  Virginia  Pan  Handle  and  the  borders  of  the 
Northwestern  lerritory.^  He  \va.s  settled  at  Dunlaps  H 
Creek,  from  1792  to  18 11.  ,'■ 

Though  leaving  New  Jersey  as  a  minister  of  the  jj 
Gospel,  he  asked  for  and  received  from  the  Medical  J! 
Society  his  credentials  as  a  medical  man.     While  in  New    >* 


'  Sti  vker. 

'■i  Blane's  Med.  His.  of  Hunterdon, 

3  MSS.  Notes  Rev.  Dr.  Messier.     Old  Redstone,  by  Jos.  Smith,  D.  D. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  297 

Jennings.  Johnes. 

Jersey  he  was  a  popular  and  successful  physician,  and 
secured  the  esteem  of  a  large  portion  of  the  community. 
He  was  the  father  of  the  Rev.  Obadiah  Jennings  (fourth 
son),  of  Pennsylvania,  a  distinguished  divine,  commemo- 
rated in  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
His  first  son,  Samuel  Kennedy,  born  in  New  Providence, 
became  the  Rev.  S.  Kennedy  Jennings,  M.  D.,  of  Balti- 
more, of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  for  sometime  pro- 
fessor in  Washington  Medical  College.  He  was  also  the 
grandfather  of  Hon.  Henry  A.  Wise,  of  Virginia. 

Dr.  Jennings  died  in  Pennsylvania,  February  17,  1803. 
From  circumstances  it  would  seem  that  he  acquired 
wealth  and  rose  in  the  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens.  In 
New  Jersey  he  left  a  reputation  which  was  free  from  the 
least  taint  of  evil,  with  a  savor  of  much  that  was  good 
and  honorable.  ^ 


Timothy   Johnes. 

Born  in  Morristown  about  1746,  and  died  there  in  181 8. 
He  was  a  son  of  Rev.  Timothy  Johnes,  D.  D.  Timothy, 
Jr.,  was  a  practitioner  of  medicine,  and  resided  in  Morris- 
town  during  the  whole  of  his  life.  In  the  war  he  was 
commissioned  Surgeon,  Eastern  Battalion,  Morris,  Feb. 
19,  1776.2  At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  at 
Princeton,  May  6,  1778,  it  was  ordered  that  Dr.  Johnes 
be  paid  £y .  7.  6  for  cure  of  wound  of  son  of  Capt.  John 
Lindsley.  Also  i^8.  7.  6.  for  cure  of  wound  received  in 
the  service  of  Stephen  Ogden. 

He  was  twice  married,  and  had  five  sons  and  two 
daughters,  most  of  them  by  the  second  marriage.     Two 

1  MSS.  Notes  of  l^ir.  Messier.     Gillett's  His.  of  Pres.  Cliuicli,  &c. 
'  Stryker's  Register. 


298  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

JoHNES.  Johnson. 

of  his  sons  were  physicians,  TiuiotJiy  and  JoJm  B.,  both 
of  whom  lived  and  practised  in  Morristown.  Timothy, 
Jr.,  th'cd  about  1844-5.  John  V).  died  in  1863.  One  of  the 
Doctor's  dauirhters  married  Dr.  Ebenezer  B.  Woodruff. 


Abel  Jch^nson, 
A  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in  1788,  practised  in 
Marksboro,  Hardwick  township,  Warren  County.  His 
reputation  as  a  physician  was  good.  He  was  taken  sick 
while  on  a  hunting  excursion,  and  died  at  Jacksonburg,  a 
small  hamlet  near  Blairstown.      He  never  married. 


I 


David  Johnson. 
Monumental  inscription  in  the  Newark  burying  ground: 

"DOCTOR  DAVID  JOHNSON 

DIED  Aug  27  1770  IN  36TH  YEAR." 

He  was  descended  from  Thomas,  an  original  settler  of 
Newark.  He  was  a  son  of  Capt.  Eliphalet,  who  died  in 
1795.  aged  sixty-eight.  He  had  brothers  Dr.  Uzal  and 
Dr.  John. 


James  Johnson 
Came  from  Connecticut  to  New  Jersey,  first  to  Bridgeton 
and  then  settled  in  Roadstown.  He  married  the  daugh- 
ter of  an  Indian  chief,  of  great  beauty.  Her  mother  was 
white.  He  was  a  very  respect.ible  practitioner  in  the 
early  history  of  Cumberland  County  ;  died  May  26,  1759.^ 
For  further  notice  see  Bateman's  History  of  Medical  Men 
of  Cumberland  County. 

>  Batemaa. 


HISTORY   OF  N.   J.    MEDICINE.  299 

Johnstone. 

John  Johnstone, 
The  head  of  the  Amboy  family,  supposed  to  be  a  son  of 
John  of  Ochiltree,  Avas  of  the  company  of  emigrants  on 
board  the  ill-fated  "  Henry  and  Francis,"  that  arrived  in 
December,  1685.  He  was  a  druggist  in  Edinburgh,  "  at 
the  sign  of  the  Unicorn."  He  is  said  by  Wodrow  to 
have  been  married  to  Eupham,  daughter  of  George  Scot, 
before  embarcation,  but  the  family  tradition  has  been 
that  they  were  married  on  the  voyage  or  soon  after  their 
arrival.  An  old  record,  the  correctness  of  which  there  is 
no  reason  to  question,  confirms  the  latter  supposition  by 
giving  as  the  date  of  their  marriage  April  18,  1686. 

On  the  28th  of  July,  1685,  in  consideration  of  certain 
acts  promotive  of  the  advantage  and  interest  of  East 
Jersey,  the  proprietors  in  England  granted  five  hundred 
acres  of  land  to  Geo.  Scot,  on  condition  that  he  should 
reside  in  the  Province  with  his  family.  In  January  1685- 
6,  his  daughter  petitioned  the  proprietors  to  have  the 
same  confirmed  to  her ;  and  in  January  13th,  following, 
her  husband.  Dr.  Johnstone,  was  put  in  possession  of  the 
tract  in  Monmouth  County.  The  Doctor  established 
himself  first  in  New  York.  It  is  not  known  when  he  first 
removed  to  Amboy.  It  must  have  been  before  1707,  as 
in  that  year  he  is  mentioned  as  '*  of  the  Jersies,"  being 
the  bail  of  the  Rev.  Francis  Makemie,  when  arrested 
under  the  persecutions  of  Cornbury.  For  several  years 
prior  to  that,  he  spent  much  of  his  time  on  a  plantation 
in  Monmouth  County,  named  in  his  patent  "  Scotsches- 
terburg."  In  1709,  and  the  following  year,  he  wru  a 
member  of  the  Provincial  Assembly  of  New  Jersey,  but 
was  still  occasionally  styled  as  of  New  York.  He  soon  after 
removed  there,  and  was  Mayor  from  17 14  to  1718.   In  1720, 


I 


300  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Johnstone. 

he  was  a  member  of  Gov.  Burnet's  Council,  for  that  Pro- 
vince. About  that  time  he  removed  to  New  Jersey,  and 
permanently  resided  there,  but  was  not  superseded  in  the 
Council  till  1723.1 

A  few  stones  remained,  until  recently,  on  the  banks  of 
the  Raritan,  designating  the  site  of  the  Doctor's  mansion. 
It  was  not  entirely  destroj-ed  until  after  the  Revolution. 
It  was  a  double,  two  story,  brick  house,  with  a  large  barn 
and  other  outhouses,  and  attached  thereto  was  a  spacious 
garden,  a  well  chosen  collection  of  fruit  trees  and  a  fine 
orchard,  of  which  a  few  aged  trees  marked  the  site  in  1856. 

In  his  profession  he  was  skillful,  and  availed  himself  of 
the  opportunities  it  gave  to  exhibit  his  goodness  of  heart, 
his  charity  and  his  estimable  character.  On  his  death, 
the  following  obituary  appeared  in  the  Philadelphia 
Weekly  Me  7- c  my  : 

"Perth  Amboy,  Sept.  19,  1732.  On  the  7th  Inst,  died  here  in  the 
71st  year  of  his  age  Dr.  John  Johnstone,  very  much  lamented  by  all 
who  knew  him,  and  to  the  inexpressible  loss  of  the  poor  who  were 
always  his  particular  care." 

James  Alexander,  writing  to  the  Doctor's  friend.  Gov. 
Hunter,  September  20th,  1732,  says:  "Dr.  Johnstone 
died  the  7th  of  this  month,  being  spent  with  age  and 
fatigue  in  going  about  to  serve  those  who  wanted  his 
assistance,  I  believe  his  family  is  left  in  tolerable  good 
circumstances.  I  drew  his  will  for  him  a  few  years  before 
he  died,  when  although  he  was  worn  almost  quite  away, 
he  retained  his  good  sense  and  spirit,  and  so  I  am  in- 
formed he  died  to  the  last." 

He  represented  the  people  of  Middlesex  County,  and     \'\ 
of  Ambo\',  thirteen  years  in  the  General  Assembly  of  the      1 


'  Valentine's  Manual. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  3OI 

Johnstone. 

Province,  and  for  ten  of  them  held  the  office  of  Speaker, 
He  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  for  setth'ng  the 
boundary  between  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and  at 
different  times  held  other  offices  with  credit  to  himself. 
He  had  several  children,  a  full  record  of  whom  is  given  in 
"  Whitehead's  Contribution  to  East  Jersey  History," 
from  which  this  sketch  of  Dr.  Johnstone  is  obtained. 


Lewis  Johnstone, 
Sixth  son  of  Dr.  John,  {supra)  was  born  in  October,  1704. 
He  resided  in  Amboy,  in  the  house  then  standing  near 
the  site  of  the  present  mansion  of  Mr.  Paterson,  to  which 
it  gave  place,  in  1795.  He  adopted  the  profession  of  his 
father  and  was  much  respected  as  a  man  and  as  a  physi- 
cian. His  education  was  principally  received  at  Leyden, 
in  Holland,  then  the  resort  of  all  who  sought  the  highest 
scholarship.  After  his  return  to  this  country,  he  kept  up 
a  literary  correspondence  with  several  eminent  men  of 
Europe.  Some  interesting  letters  to  him  from  Grovonius, 
the  botanist,  written  in  1735-6-7-9,  arc  in  the  possession 
of  Wm.  A.  Whitehead,  Esq.,  extracts  from  which  he  has 
given  in  his  "  Contributions,"  &c. 

That  he  held  a  high  place  in  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  his  associates  in  the  profession,  appears  in  the  fact, 
that  in  1767,  one  year  after  the  organization  of  the  New 
Jersey  Medical  Society,  it  was  resolved  to  appoint  a  com 
mittee  "  to  wait  upon  Dr.  Johnstone  and  invite  him  to 
Join  the  Society."  The  committee  subsequently  re- 
ported that  they  had  waited  on  him  and  that  "  the  Doctor 


303  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Johnstone. 

declined  to  become  a  member,  yet  assured  the  committee 
that  he  highl}^  approved  of  the  institution  of  the  Society, 
that  he  would  countenance  the  same  at  all  times,  particu- 
larly that  he  would  use  his  whole  interest  with  the  Legis- 
lative body  of  this  Province,  whenever  requested,  in 
order  to  obtain  a  law,  &c.,  for  the  continuance,  honor  and 
advancement  of  the  Society." 

Dr.  Lewis  Johnstone  died  November  22d,  1773,  at  an 
advanced  age.  The  announcement  of  his  death  is  made 
in  the  papers  of  the  day,  with  the  remark  that  he  was  "  a 
physician  of  the  highest  reputation,  and  very  greatly  be- 
loved by  all  who  knew  him."  He  married  Martha, 
daughter  of  Caleb  Heathcote,  of  New  York.  They  had 
two  sons  and  two  daughters. ^ 

In  Rivington's  (N.  Y.)  Gazette,  January  27,  1774,  James 
Parker,  John  Smith  and  Heathcoat  Johnston,  Executors, 
give  notice  to  the  Debtors  and  Creditors  of  Dr.  John- 
stone's estate,  for  the  settlement  of  unsettled  accounts  | 
with  the  same,  and  on  the  loth  of  February  advertise  to  (i 
be  sold,  several  tracts  of  land,  being  part  of  the  estate,  jj 
VIZ. :  i'  < 

660  acres  adjoining  the  farms  of  Nicholas  Van  Vinckle  j] 
and  John  Pue.  Situated  on  the  west  side  of  and  adjoin-  1 1 
ing  the  Matcheponix  river,  eleven  miles  distant  from  i|j 
New  Brunswick  and  Perth  Amboy,  and  four  from  South 
river  landing,  in  the  neighborhood  of  two  mills  and  two 
iron  works,  "  both  ready  markets  for  all  kinds  of  country 
produce,  and  has  a  fine  out-let  for  cattle  and  hogs."  The 
place  in  the  possession  of  John  Van  Schaack,  and  "  im- 
proved by  a  good  house,  a  Dutch  barn  and  a  young 
bearing  orchard.     300  acres  are  cleared  land,  20  of  which 


'  Whitehead's  Contributions. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  303 

Johnstone. 

are  good  meadow  and  a  great  deal  more  may  be  made  ; 
is  very  well  watered.  The  upland  well  timbered  and 
proper  for  any  kind,  of  grain,  and  may  be  conveniently 
divided  into  two  or  three  plantations." 

670  acres,  formerly  the  property  of  Hugh  Taylor, 
about  thirteen  miles  distant  from  New  Brunswick  and 
Perth  Amboy,  and  adjoins  the  lands  of  John  Combs, 
Jacob  Sydam  and  John  Johnston,  with  a  large  framed 
house  and  framed  barn,  a  )'oung  orchard  of  about  200 
apple  trees,  200  acres  of  cleared  land  30  acres  of  meadow, 
with  a  considerable  quantity  of  bog  meadow,  capable  of 
being  made  valuable  by  improvement. 

550  acres,  opposite  Perth  Amboy,  adjoining  the  land  of 
John  Stevens,  Esq.,  and  the  river  Raritan  ;  well  timbered, 
and  so  situated  that  the  timber  and  firewood  can  be  very 
easily  transported  to  New  York.  60  acres  of  this  tract  is 
described  as  "  cleared  land,  whereon  is  a  house  and  well- 
built  barn,  and  a  young  bearing  orchard  of  200  apple 
trees,  grafted  with  the  best  of  fruit." 

790  acres,  situated  "  on  the  west  side  of  South  river, 
and  near  Manalapaii  river,  being  one-half  of  a  tract 
remaining  unsold  and  held  in  company  with  the  devisees 
of  Andrew  Johnston,  deceased,"  surrounding  the  village 
of  Spotswood  ;  well  wooded  and  timbered,  and  a  great 
part  of  it  in  fine  rich  swamp,  adjoining  "  the  mills  and 
iron  works  of  Messrs.  Perry  and  Hayes,  which  lay  in 
about  the  centre  of  it ;  the  nearest  part  of  it  about  half 
a  mile  and  the  most  distant  part  about  three  miles  from 
South  river  landing." 

The  tracts  are  offered   entire  or  to  be  divided   to  suit. 
Title  clear  and  indisputable.^ 


'  MSS.^His.  Notes  J.  M.  Toner. 


304  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Johnson. 

UzAL  Johnson 
Was  a  native  of  Newark,  born  April  17,  1757,  descended 
in  the  fifth  generation  from  Thomas,  a  primitive  Newark 
settler.      His  father   was   Eliphalet,  son  of  John,  son   of 
Eliphalet,  son  of  Thomas  (i). 

He  had  two  brothers,  John  and  David,  who  were 
physicians.  He  practised  his  profession  in  his  native 
town  before  the  war  of  1776.  In  February  of  that  year 
he  was  commissioned  Surgeon  in  2d  Regiment,  Essex, ^ 
but  after  July  4,  1776,  he  joined  the  British  Army,  and 
was  commissioned  a  Surgeon  of  1st  Battalion  New  Jersey 
Volunteers  (Loyalists). ^  He  returned  to  Newark  after 
the  war,  resumed  his  practice  and  resided  there  till  his 
death.  May  22,  1827.  The  Newark  paper,  in  noticing  his 
death,  says:  ''After  a  long  life  of  usefulness,  he  has  left 
a  very  large  circle  of  friends  to  lament  his  loss  and  revere 
his  memory."  He  left  two  sons,  Theodorus  and  Gabriel. 
Clark,  in  his  History  of  the  Medical  Men  of  Essex  i 
County,  notices  him.^ 


John  Johnson,  ): 

A  brother   of   the   foregoing.      Like   his   brother   David  ji! 

{supra)  died  in  early  life.      His  monumental  inscription  is  p 
in  the  old  burying  place  of  Newark: 


DOCT.  JNO.  JOHNSON 
DIED  June  ii,  1795 

AGED  26  YEARS.      SON  OF  ELIPHALET. 


1  Conger's  Genealogies. 

2  Stryker's  Register. 

3  Sabine's  His.  of  Loyalists. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  305 

Kennedy. 

Rev.  Samuel  Kennedy 
Was  born  in  Scotland,  in  1720;  educated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Edinburg.  Upon  the  completion  of  his  academ- 
ical course  and  after  coming  to  America,  he  was  licensed 
to  preach  the  Gospel,  in  1750,  ordained  and  settled  at 
Baskingridge,  June  15th,  1751.  He  established  a  classical 
school  there,  which  was  of  a  high  order,  and  extensively 
patronized.  In  addition  to  his  calling  as  a  pastor  and 
teacher,  he  was  a  practising  physician,  and  acquired  repu- 
tation in  the  treatment  of  disease.  He  was  in  conse- 
quence called  Doctor.  He  joined  the  Medical  Society 
two  years  after  its  formation  and  was  an  attentive  mem- 
ber. He  died  at  Baskingridge,  August  31st,  1787,  aged 
sixty-seven.  ^ 


Samuel  Kennedy,  Jr., 
The  son  of  tl^Xoregoing,  was  probably  educated  in  his 
preliminary  course,  and  as  a  physician,  by  his  father.  He 
removed  to  Warren  County,  near  Johnsonburg,  and  was 
the  pioneer  of  the  medical  men  of  the  county,  having  a 
large  circuit  of  practice,  and  distinguished  in  his  calling. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society, 
in  1769.  Many  of  the  older  physicians  of  the  county 
received  their  education  from  him.  He  died  in  1804,  and 
was  buried  at  Hardwick,  His  history  is  in  manuscript, 
and  will  be  published  with  that  of  others  in  the  "  History 
of  the  Medical  men  of  Warren  County,"  now  in  prepara- 
tion by  the  Warren  District  Medical  Society. 


'  Sprague's  Annals,  &c. 


3o6  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Kersay.  Lawrence. 

Kersay. 

Extract  from  the  town  book,  of  Newton  Township, 
Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey,  March  9th,  1730: 

"And  also  to  pay  themselves  ye  sum  of  four  pounds  twelve  shil- 
lings and  ten  pence,  being  due  to  them  from  this  township  on  acct  of 

the  poor  and   to  pay Kersay  for  physick  to  sd   Hart,  to  Thomas 

Perry  Webb,  12   Shillings,  in  assisting  ye  overseers  of  ye  poor  upon 
several  accounts." 

These  proceedings  show  that  a  special  town  meeting 
was  held  for  the  purpose  of  raising  money  to  pay  the 
extra  poor  charges  of  the  township.  Who  Dr.  Kersey  was 
there  are  no  means  of  knowing  at  this  day,  yet  so  far  as 
as  appears,  he  was  the  first  physician  within  the  township.' 


I 


John  Lawrence, 
Was  a  son  of  John  Lawrence,  of  Monmouth  County,  born 
1747,  graduated  at  Princeton,  1764,  and  at  the  University 

of  Pennsylvania,  in    1768.       He  was  one  of  the  first  ten  ) 
who  received  literary  honors  from  that  institution,  being 

the  first  medical  degree  conferred   in  America.      He  com-  ■! 

menced    practice    in    Monmouth    County.      In    the   early  \\ 

months  of  1776,  we   find  him   a  practitioner  in   Amboy,  j< 

wdiere  he  was  popular  and  successful.      His  political  sym-  I,' 

pathies  were  with   the   Mother  Country,  and  were  pro-  j] 

nounced  from    the  first.       In    July    of   that    )'ear.  Major  :j 

Duyckink,   sent   to  Amboy  by  order  of  Washington,  in  1 

command  of  the  Middlesex   Militia,  for  the  protection  of  ]i 

the  town,  arrested  the  Doctor,  with  eight  others,  and  sent  jj 

them  to  Elizabethtown.^      He  was  ordered  by  the  Provin-  ;| 

cial   Congress   to   Trenton,  as  a   inedical    man,  on  parole.  j 

'  MSS.  Notes  Hon.  John  Clements, 
a  Whitehead. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  307 

Lawrence. 

In  April,  1777,  he  was  arraigned,  with  others  and  his 
father  among  them,  before  the  Council  of  Safety.  He 
finally  withdrew  from  the  State,  to  New  York,  where, 
and  in  its  vicinity,  he  practised  medicine,  and  was 
also  in  command  of  a  company  of  volunteers,  for  the 
defense  of  the  city.  In  1783,  he  returned  to  New  Jersey, 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days.^ 

That  Dr.  Lawrence  was  held  in  high  esteem  in  Amboy, 
is  evident,  from  the  fact  that  the  ladies  of  that  town  peti- 
tioned the  convention  which  held  him  under  arrest,  that 
the  Doctor  might  be  permitted  to  remain  there,  "  appre- 
hending fatal  and  melancholy  consequences  to  them- 
selves, their  families  and  the  inhabitants  in  general,  if 
they  should  be  deprived  of  the  assistance  of  Dr.  Law- 
rence." The  following  courteous  reply  was  ordered  to  be 
sent  to  Mrs.  Franklin,  one  of  the  petitioners,  signed  by 
the  President :  "  Madam,  I  am  ordered  by  Congress  to 
acquaint  you,  and  through  you  the  other  ladies  of  Am- 
boy, that  their  petition  in  favor  of  Dr.  John  Lawrence  has 
been  received  and  considered.  Could  any  application 
have  procured  a  greater  indulgence  to  Dr.  Lawrence,  you 
may  be  assured  yours  could  not  have  failed  of  success. 
But  unhappily,  Madam,  we  are  placed  in  a  situation  that 
motives  of  commiseration  to  individuals  must  give  place 
to  the  safety  of  the  public.  As  Dr.  Lawrence  has  fallen 
under  the  suspicion  of  our  generals,  we  are  under  the 
necessity  of  abiding  by  the  steps  which  are  taken  and  are 
Madam,  Yours  &c,"  He  used  to  say  that  his  residence 
in  Amboy,  was  the  happiest  part  of  his  life,  for  the  reason 
that  the  officers  of  the  Crown,  resident  there,  formed  a 
social  circle  superior  to  that  of  New  York  or  Philadelphia, ^ 

'  Sabine's  Loyalists. 

''  Whiteliead's  Contributions,  &c. 


3o8  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Lawrence. 

After  his  return  to  New  Jersey,  he  resided  at  Upper 
Freehold,  in  a  part  of  the  town  known  as  Mulberry  Hill. 
He  did  not  resume  practice,  being  a  man  of  wealth  and 
leisure.  He  never  married,  but  lived  with  his  three 
sisters,  two  of  whom  died  unmarried,  and  the  other 
(Elizabeth),  married  William  Leconte,  member  of  the 
Provincial  Congress  of  Georgia,  and  died  without  issue. 
The  Doctor  always  rode  on  horseback,  and  sat  very  erect. 
He  was  a  man  of  excellent  judgment,  and  being  very 
much  of  a  gentleman,  had  a  large  practice  while  he  pur- 
sued the  duties  of  his  profession.  He  was  full  of  life  and 
mirth,  fond  of  games,  and  very  convivial.  He  died  while 
playing  a  game  of  chess.  Fox  hunting  was  his  favorite 
amusement,  and  those  who  recollect  him,  tell  of  some 
astonishing  leaps  which  he  made,  and  of  one  which  he  did 
not  make,  his  horse  stopping  while  on  full  gallop,  before 
a  ditch,  in  which  his  rider  was  landed  headlong. 

An  old  physician  now  living  in  Monmouth  County, 
says,  that  once,  when  Dr.  Lawrence  was  threatened  with 
apoplexy  he  bled  him  almost  every  day,  seventeen  times 
in  all,  and  then  upon  consultation  he  bled  him  again. 
He  lived  notwithstanding.  He  died  in  Trenton,  while 
away  from  his  home,  and  his  remains  where  buried  in  the 
graveyard  of  the  old  yellow  church,  (Baptist)  in  Upper 
Freehold.  His  tomb  bears  this  inscription : 
Sacred  to  the  Memory 

OF 

JOHN  LAWRENCE,  ^L  D, 

WHO   DEPARTED   THIS   LIFE  j 

April  29TH,  A.  D.  1830  I 

AGED    83    YEARS.  I 

Dr.  John  Vought,  of  Freehold,  while  recently  looking  ij 
over  the  papers  of  the  late  Dr.  Samuel  Forman,  found  an  \\ 
old  account  book  of  four  hundred  pages,  which  was  kept      i 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  309 

Lawrence. 

by  Dr.  Lawrence.  The  book  was  opened  in  1769,  the 
year  after  the  Doctor  graduated  in  Philadelphia,  and  con- 
tains charges  as  late  as  1785.  The  entries  show  that  his 
practice  extended  over  all  parts  of  Monmouth  County, 
and  into  Middlesex.  His  charges  to  the  families  in 
Amboy  and  Woodbridge  are  from  1775  to  July,  1776. 
After  he  retired  to  New  York  his  practice  was  among  the 
leading  families  there,  among  them  Gov.  Franklin  and 
Piiilip  John  Livingston  ;  in  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  in  the 
family  of  Col.  James  DeLancey  and  the  officers  of  his 
brigade  (stationed  there),  the  rector  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  in  Jamaica  and  Hempstead,  among  the  families 
of  these  towns,  and  some  visits  at  Hell  Gate  and  also 
into  Westchester  County. 

An  account  found  on   Folio  368  is  given  in  illustration 
of  his  method  of  charging  for  services  : 

f.  368.  GOVERNR   FRANKLIN.  Dr. 

1776.  Amboy,  £.  s.    d. 

Brot.  from  f.  336.  10  14    6 

Mar.    9.     Rd.  Cort.  Hiixt.  ?iv.     Ux.  6s.     Rhab.  2s 8 

Pul.  Vermif.  i.\ 9 

19.     Rd.  Cort.  6s.     Rhab.  2s.     Pul.  Vermif.  i.\  9s 17 

23.     Do.  6s.     Syr.  Chalyb.  ss 11 

26.  Do.  6s.     Sper.  Amar.  6s 12 

April    7.     Do.  6s 6 

12.  Rd.  Cort.,  &c.,  Ibss.  8s 8 

19.  Pulv.  Cath.  dos.  .\ii  to  Honey  (or  horses) i      4 

22.  Rd.  Cort.  Ibss.  8s 8 

31.  Do.  8s.     Sol.  Cath.  ii.  2s 10 

May    2.     V.  S.  2S.     Solut.  Mann.,  &c.  6s 8 

3.     Aq.  Ophal.  3s.     Rd.  Con. ,  &c.  Ibss.  8s 11 

15.     Rd.  Cort.  Hu.xt.  V\.  Ibss.  8s 8 

27.  Do.  8s 8 

June.          Do.  8s.  to  Mrs.  Franklin 8 

14.  Rd.  Anti-scorbut.  5s 5 

20.  Rd.  Cort.  repct.  Ibss.  8s 8 

July     I.     Do.  8s 8 

15.  Do.  8s.     Elix.  Paregor.  ss.     Laud  .3s 16 

10      7    6 
Attendance 2 

;^I2  7        6 


3IO  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE, 

Lawrenck.  Lea.  LeConte. 

N.  B.  The  acct.  contracted  since  our  leaving  Aniboy  and  settling  in  New 
York  has  been  paid,  but  not  being  able  to  procure  my  books  during  the  war,  this 
acct.  has  not  been  delivered  in.     June,  1784.' 


Thomas  Lea, 
In  the  Surveyor-General's  office,  Perth  Amboy,  men- 
tion is  made  that  letters  were  granted  to  John  Blanchard, 
of  the  County  of  Essex,  on  the  Goods  and   Chattels  and 
credits  of  Thomas  Lea,  Doctor  of  Ph}^sick,  June  4,  1726.2 


I 
I 


Peter  LeConte 
Was  a  son  of  William,  who  was  born  at  Rouen,  Nor- 
mandy, March  16,  1659,  died  at  New  York,  1720,  of 
yellow  fever,  and  on  the  same  day  with  his  wife  (of  the 
same  fever)  Margaret  de  Valleau.  William  emigrated 
after  the  edict  of  Nantes,  1685,  to  Martinique,  where  he 
married,  and  thence  to  New  Rochelle,  New  York.  Dr. 
LeConte  was  a  resident  of  Monmouth  County  as  early  as 
1734.  At  that  date,  September  5,  1734,  a  deed  from  Rob- 
ert Stout,  of  Shrewsbury,  conveyed  to  "  Peter  LeConte, 
Physician  and  Chirurgeon  of  the  town  of  Freehold,"  a 
tract  of  five  hundred  acres  of  land  at  Barnegat.  He 
married  Valeria,  daughter  of  John  Eatton,  of  Eatontown. 
She  survived  him,  died,  and  was  buried  in  Orange,  New 
Jersey,  1788,  in  her  seventy-second  year.  Her  tomb  is  in 
the  old  parish  burying  place  of  that  town.  His  daughter 
Margaretta  married  the  Rev.  Jedidiah  Chapman,  minister 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  Orange.     Their  first  child, 


"'  The  uniformity  of  the  chirography  of  the  New  York  and  Long  Island  accts. 
suggests  the  inference  that  such  accts.  were  copied  into  the  book  from  other  papers. 
2  MSS.  Notes  of  Wm.  John  Potts. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  3 II 

LeConte. 

named  Peter  LeConte,  upon  reaching  maturity  dropped 
his  patronymic  and  adopted  that  of  his  grandfather,  in 
consideration  of  the  settlement  upon  him  of  his  grand- 
father's large  estate.  He  studied  law  and  rose  to  emi- 
nence. He  removed  to  Western  New  York,  and  died  at 
Ovid  in  1836,  aged  fifty-eight.  He  had  three  sons  and 
four  daughters.  The  sons  died  without  issue  to  perpetu- 
ate the  name. 

In  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,  John  I.  LeConte 
is  noticed,  a  naturalist,  as  born  near  Shrewsbury  in  1784. 
He  had  a  son,  John  Lawrence,  also  a  naturalist.  Born 
in  1825  ;  graduated  M.  D.  at  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York,  1846. 

In  the  old  Presbyterian  cemetery  near  Matawan  is  a 
large,  grey,  slaty  stone,  in  excellent  preservation,  a  vine 
sculptured  around  its  border,  and  on  it  the  simple  inscrip- 
tion : 

DR.   PETER  LeCONTE 
DIED  January  29  1768 

IN  THE  66th    year  OF  HIS  AGE. 

There  is  a  tradition  that  he  sometimes  preached  as  a 
minister. 

May  II,  1767,  John  Brown  entered  under  Dr.  LeConte's 
care  to  be  cured  of  a  distemper.^ 


'  Town  poor  records,  Middletown. 
William  LeConte  (i)  had  three  children. 

I.  IFi7/ww,  born  Dec,  1702,  died  1760.     Married  Ann  Bcslie.     Had  Margaret 
and  William  Bailie. 

II.  Dr.  /■<?/«/-,  b.  July  II,  1704.     Mar.    (i)   Mary  Pintard,   1735,   d.    1735.      (2) 
Valeria  Eatton. 

III.  £'.f/'A<r/-,  mar.  Ezekiel  Bonyot.     No  issue. 

Peter  and  Valeria  Eatton  had   William,   b.    1738,  d.  Nov.,  1788.      Married. 
Elizabetli  Lawrence.     No  issue. 

II.  John  Eatton,  born  Sept.,  1739,  d.  Jan.,  1822.     Married  Jane  Sloane. 

III.  Margaret,  b.   1741.     Married  J edidiah  Chapman.     One  son,   Peter,  took 
the  name  LeConte. 


312  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE, 

Leddell. 

William  Leddell 
Was  a  son  of  a  naval  surgeon  of  the  Frencli  Government, 
stationed  at  Cuba.  Having  left  the  service,  he  came  from 
Cuba  and  settled  in  or  near  Elizabethtown,  New  Jersey, 
where  he  died  prior  to  1850.  He  had  several  children, 
only  two  of  whom  have  left  any  record,  John  who  was  a 
physician  in  New  York  before  1760,  and  William,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  After  his  father's  death,  the  latter 
went  to  Mendham,  in  Morris  County,  and  "  bound  him- 
self" to  study  medicine  with  Dr.  Blachly,  of  that  place. 
He  continued  to  reside  there,  in  the  practise  of  his  profes- 
sion, till  his  death,  in  August  lOth,  1827,  at  the  age  of 
eighty  years.  He  married  Phebe,  daughter  of  Henry 
Wick,  and  lived  on  part  of  the  Wick  tract,  at  Washington 
Corner.  The  Doctor  was  a  man  of  considerable  distinc- 
tion, and  of  great  energy  of  character.  He  was  some- 
what eccentric,  as  may  be  inferred  from  the  monumental 
inscription    over  the   remains  of  his  son   Henry,  {infra) 

IV.  V.     Thomas,  Peter.     No  issue. 
John  E.,  son  of  Peter,  had 

I.  William,  b.  1777,  d.  1806.     Unmarried. 

II.  Louis,  b.  1782,  d.  1838,  in  Ga.     Mar.  Anne  Quarterman.     Died  1826. 

III.  John  Eaton,   b.   1784.  d.   i860,  in  Phila.     Mar.   Mary  A.   H.   Lawrence. 
Had  John  Lawrence,  of  Phila. 

Louis,  son  of  John  E.  (i)  had 

I.  William,  b.    1812,   d.   1841,    who   had  James,  Anne,   Wm.    Louis,   Sarah 
Ophelia. 

II.  Jane,  b.  1814,  d.  1876.     Mar.  Jno.  M.  B.  Harden.     Had  T>ewis  LeConte, 
M.  D.,  Matilda,  Anne,  Ada  Louisa. 

III.  Elizabeth,  d.  young. 

IV.  John,  b.  1818,  mar.  Eleanor  Josephine  Graham.      Has  Mary  Tallulah, 
dead,  Louis  Julian,  John  Cecil,  dead. 

V.  Louis,  b.   1821,   d.   1851.     Mar.   Harriet  Nesbit.      Had  Harriet,    Eveline, 
William,  dead,  Jno.  Nesbit,  Louis. 

VI.  Joseph,   b.    1823.     Mar.    Caroline   Elizabeth   Nesbit.      Has   Emma  F., 
Sarah  E.,  Josephine  E.,  dead,  Caroline  Eaton,  Joseph  Nesbit. 

VII.  Anne,  b.   1825,   d.   1866.     Mar.   Dr.  J.  P.  Stevens.      Has   Ella  Florine, 
Walter  Percy,  Louis  Oliver,  Anna  Louisa,  dead,  Mabell,  dead.* 


1  MSS.  Prof.  John  LeConte,  of  Un.  of  California. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  313 

Leddell. 

which  was  written  by  him.  He  was  a  Captain  of  cavalry 
in  the  war  of  18 12,  and  was  Major  in  the  Whiskey  rebel- 
Hon.  His  military  papers  are  deposited  in  good  preser- 
vation in  the  Library  of  the  Historical  Society  of  New 
Jersey.  He  was  one  of  the  first  sheriffs  of  Morris  County, 
serving  two  terms.  His  fortunes  in  life  were  varied  by 
successive  periods  of  prosperity  and  adversity.  He  had 
five  children,  viz. :  Eliza  married  Dr.  Wm.  Hampton,  of 
New  York;  Tempe  married  Dr.  McRea;  Henry;  Mary 
married  John  Latham,  and  John. 

Dr.  Leddell  and  his  associate  in  medical  practice  in 
Mendham,  used  to  try  small  cases,  before  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  where  they  were  accustomed  to  berate  each  other, 
in  true  pettifogging  style.  On  one  occasion,  one  of  them 
in  his  remarks,  was  led  under  the  circumstances  of  the 
case  to  praise  the  learning  and  skill  and  eloquence  of  his 
"learned  friend."  The  other  when  making  his  reply,  said 
that  his  antagonist  "  did'nt  know  anything  at  all." 


Henry  Leddell, 

Son  of  the  foregoing,  was  educated  as  a  physician,  but 
died  too  young  to  leave  any  professional  record.  We 
give  his  monumental  inscription,  written  by  his  father,  in 
the  graveyard  at  Mendham. 

"HENRY  LEDDELL  son  of  Doct.  William  Leddell  Having  endured  with 
fortitude  the  most  acute  pain  for  tliree  days  with  becoming  composure,  he  desired 
and  attended  prayer.  After  which  with  failing  voice  he  delivered  into  his  father  s 
care,  his  loving  wife  and  infant  daughter.  He  died  in  the  utmost  agony  of  an 
Iliac  passion,  vomiting  black  choler  and  excrements  on  the  30th  of  January  1779 
in  the  23d  year  of  his  age." 


314  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Leddell.  Little. 

John  W.  Leddell, 
The  youngest  child  of  Dr.  William,  studied  medicine 
with  his  father  and  commenced  practice  at  the  age  of 
eighteen,  in  his  native  town.  At  twenty-one,  he  mar- 
ried Jemima,  daughter  of  Samuel  Wills,  of  Mendham. 
He  remained  in  the  latter  place,  where  he  was  esteemed 
as  a  worthy  citizen  and  successful  practitioner,  during  the 
whole  of  his  life,  which  was  closed  April  15th,  1865,  at  the 
age  of  eighty-one.  His  remains  were  buried  with  those 
of  his  father,  in  Mendham  graveyard.  His  wife  survived 
him  nine  months.  They  had  six  children.  The  second 
son,  Samuel  W.,  a  graduate  of  Union  College,  in  1831, 
studied  medicine,  but  never  practised.  The  son  of  his 
second  daughter,  Tcmpe,  John  L  Seward,  ]\I.  D.  is  a 
Homeopathic  ph}-sician,  practising  in  Orange,  New 
Jersey. 


Anthony  Little  (Littell) 
Lived  and  practised  medicine  in  the  Passaic  Valley,  at 
the  head  of  the  west  branch  of  Green  Brook.  He  mar- 
ried Anna,  daughter  of  Caleb  Maxwell,  of  Boston ;  had 
issue,  Caleb  M.,  Elizabeth  and  Amos.  He  died  in  May, 
1798.1 

Dr.    Littell    is  alluded   to   as  a  physician   of  standing, 
in  "  Spaulding's  Memoir  of  Lawrence  Vanderveer,"  and    |i 
one  of  those  who  was  attracted  by  the  virtues  of  the 
Scutellaria  Perfoliata  in  the  Cure  of  Rabies.     See  sketch 
of  Dr.  Vanderveer. 


1  Littell's  Genealogies. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  315 

LOCKHART.  LOKING. 

George  Lockhart 
Was  a  "practitioner  of  physic,"  in  1679  ;  a  resident  of 
VVoodbridge,  New  Jersey.  In  1683,  then  being  in  Eng- 
land, the  Proprietaries  mention  him  as  possessing,  accord- 
ing to  his  own  statement,  "  a  considerable  plantation  in 
the  Province,"  and  "  desirous  to  have  the  Marshalls' 
place  ;  "  he  offering,  in  case  they  would  grant  him  the 
commission  and  a  lot  of  ten  acres  in  "  Perthtown,"  to 
build  them  a  prison  and  town  house.  There  is  no  record 
of  the  commission  or  the  grant.  A  son  Garve)i,  is  men- 
tioned several  years  thereafter,  as  a  resident,  and  the 
births  of  several  children  are  recorded  in  the  Woodbridge 
book.i 


Ephriam  Loring  (Loree), 
Surgeon's  Mate,  Third  Battalion,  Second  Establishment, 
Col.  Elias  Dayton,  November  28th,  1776.  Surgeon's 
Mate,  Third  Regt.,  September  26th,  1780.  Continental 
Army.  2  His  name  appears  on  the  original  list  of  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati.^ 

After  the  war,  the  Doctor  practised  in  the  vicinity  of 
Turkey  (New  Providence,  Union  County).  He  married 
Sally,  oldest  child  of  Dr.  Philemon  Elmer.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  he  left  no  issue.  In  1786,  his  name  is  recorded 
among  the  list  of  members  in  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
in  New  Brunswick. 


'  W.  A.  Whitehead's  Contributions. 
'  Stryker's  Register. 
3  J.  M.  Toner. 


3l6  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

LOTT.  LUDLUM.  LUMMIS. 

Ralph.  P.  Lott. 

Sacred 
To 

THE    MEMORY  OF 

RALPH  p.  LOTT,  M.  D. 
WHO  DIED  Sept.  17TH,  1845 

IN   THE   7STH    YEAR    OF   HIS  AGE 

This  inscription  is  in  the  Presbyterian  churchyard,  at 
Cranbury,  New  Jersey.  The  Doctor  thus  commemorated, 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Hezekiah  Stites,  attended 
lectures  in  Philadelphia,  and  practised  his  profession  in 
the  town  where  his  remains  repose.  He  had  a  large 
practice  and  accumulated  property.  His  grandson, 
Wm.  P  Lott,  was  a  physician  ;  educated  at  the  New  York 
University  Medical  College  ;  practised  but  little,  and  died 
of  consumption,  May  3d,  1872,  aged  forty-seven. 


NEHEMIAH    LUDLUiM 

Graduated  at    Princeton    1762.      His   ancestors    lived    on 

Long  Island.     He  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey 

Medical  Society  in  1768,  and  died  a  few  months  after  hi.s 

election.     In  the  graveyard  at  Cranbury  is  the  inscription 

recording  his  death,  in  early  manhood. 

Here  lyes  the 
BODY  OF  DOCTOR  NEHEMIAH  LUDLUM 

WHO    DEPARTED    THIS    LIFE    THE   2D    DAY    OF 
Oct.    1768   AGED   29    YEARS. 


D.WTON    LUMMIS 
Was  a   native   of  Salem,  New   Jersey.     Married   a   Miss 
Cooper,  who  died  before  him,  without  issue.     He   prac- 
tised  in  Woodbury,  Gloucester  County.     He  is  described 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  317 

LuMMis.  Maclean. 

as  a  dashing,  energetic  young  man,  popular  and  efficient 
as  a  practitioner.  He  was  arrested  in  early  manhood  by 
disease,  which  terminated  his  life  in  1821.  The  Glouces- 
ter Herald  and  Farmer,  in  the  No.  August  8th,  182 1,  has 
the  following  notice  : 

"  Died  on  Sunday  morning  last,  at  his  late  residence  in  Woodbury, 
Daj^ton  Lummis,  M.  D.,  in  the  forty-first  year  of  his  age,  of  consump- 
tion, after  an  indisposition  of  eight  years,  which  he  bore  with  almost 
unexampled  patience  and  resignation.  He  was  a  good  neighbor,  a 
sincere  friend  and  husband,  and  he  died  as  he  lived,  beloved  and  es- 
teemed by  those  who  knew  him." 

His  remains  were  buried  in  Christ  Church  burying 
place,  Philadelphia,  where  was  erected  a  stone  bearing  a 
brief  description  of  his  age  and  date  of  death. ^ 


William  Lummis 
Was  an  elder  brother  of  the  above.  He  also  practised 
in  Woodbury,  and  was  a  physician  of  experience  and 
intelligence.  Dr.  Rush,  in  his  writings  upon  the  yellow 
fever,  alludes  to  him,  and  in  1798  he  wrote  a  letter  upon 
that  fever  as  occurring  in  Woodbury,  to  which  allusion  is 
made  in  Part  I.  (Section  "  Pestilence ").  In  the  early 
part  of  this  century  he  left  New  Jersey  and  settled  in 
Ontario,  State  of  New  York,  when  it  was  almost  a  wild- 
erness.    We  have  found  no  further  memorials  of  him. 


John  Maclean 
Was  a  native  of  Glasgow,   Scotland,  born   on  the   1st  of 
March,  1771.     In  his  thirteenth  year  he  entered  the  Uni- 
versity   of  that    city,    and    after    completing    the    usual 


'  MSS.  Notes  of  Wm.  Jno.  Potts,  et  aliis. 
22 


3l8  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Maclean. 

courses  in  the  arts  and  in  medicine,  he  went  successively 
to  Edinburgh,  London  and  Paris,  with  the  view  of  prose- 
cuting in  these  cities,  his  studies  in  Surgery  and  in  Chem- 

• 
istry.     At  Paris,  he  had  the  opportunity  of  attending  the 

lectures  of  Lavoisier,  Bertholet,  Fourcroy  and  other  emi- 
nent masters  of  the  chemical  art,  and  became  himself 
accomplished  in  the  same  ;  so  much  so  that  by  his  friends 
in  Glasgow  he  was  regarded  as  having,  in  that  city,  no 
superior  in  his  knowledge  of  the  New  Chemistry,  as  the 
French  Chemistry  of  that  day  was  then  called. 

As  a  surgeon  also  he  rapidly  gained  a  good  reputation, 
and  a  profitable  practice,  so  much  so,  that  upon  leaving 
Scotland  for  America,  while  yet  a  young  man  of  but 
twenty-four  years  of  age,  the  Society  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  Glasgow,  of  their  own  motion,  gave  him  a 
certificate,  expressive  of  the  high  esteem  in  which  he  was 
held  by  them,  and  their  best  wishes  for  his  success  in 
this  country.  He  was  attracted  to  the  United  States,  as 
its  form  of  government  was  more  in  accordance  with  his 
own  ideas,  than  those  generally  held  even  by  his  own 
personal  friends,  in  Scotland.  , 

Soon-after  he  arrived  in  this  country,  in  the  Spring  of  ij 
1795,  he  established  himself  at  Princeton,  in  the  practice  h 
of  medicine  and  surgery,  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Ebene-  ;' 
zer  Stockton,  the  leading  physician  of  the  place,  who  be-  ■-' 
came  one  of  his  best  and  most  intimate  friends.  Upon  ! 
his  settlement  in  Princeton,  he  was  invited  by  Prof 
Smith,  of  the  College,  to  give  the  students  a  short  course  j' 
of  lectures  and  experiments  in  Chemistry.  Such  was  the  |l 
impression  he  made  upon  those  who  listened  to  him,  that  j 
at  the  first  meeting  of  the  trustees,  thereafter,  he  was  Ij 
chosen  Prof,  of  Chemistry,  in  the  College,  with  the  under-   H 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  319 

Maclean. 

standing  that  he  would  be  at  Hberty  to  continue  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  Dr.  Walter  Minto,  the  Professor 
of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy,  dying  in  the 
Autumn  of  1796,  Dr.  Maclean  was  chosen  his  successor,  in 
April,  1797,  still  retaining  his  department  of  Chemistry. 
This  increase  of  his  duties  constrained  him  to  give  up  the 
practice  of  his  profession  and  devote  himself  to  the  work 
of  instruction.  While  engaged  in  practice,  the  Doctor 
very  successfully  performed  some  operations,  which  in 
those  days  rural  surgeons  were  not  apt  to  attempt. 

As  a  successful  teacher  and  a  college  officer,  he  has  had 
few  equals  in  our  country.  The  whole  period  of  his  con- 
nection with  the  college  was  seventeen  j^ears,  from  the 
summer  of  1795  to  that  of  181 2,  when  resigning  his  posi- 
tion in  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  he  accepted  the  Pro- 
fessorship of  Natural  Philosophy  and  Chemistry  in  Wil- 
liam and  Mary  College,  Virginia. 

In  the  Spring  of  1813,  while  there,  he  had  a  severe 
attack  of  fever,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  never  fully 
recovered.  Returning  to  Princeton,  where  he  had  left 
his  family  for  the  winter,  he  languished  until  the  17th  of 
February,  when  he  departed  this  life,  in  Christian  hope, 
being  within  a  fortnight  of  forty  three  years  of  age. 

Dr.  Maclean  was  united  in  marriage  on  November  7, 
1798,  to  Phebe,  eldest  daughter  of  Dr.  Absalom  Bain- 
bridge,  then  of  New  York,  but  in  earlier  life  in  New 
Jersey.  The  issue  of  this  union  was  six  children — four 
sons  and  two  daughters.  His  eldest  son  was  Rev.  John 
Maclean,  D.  D.,  &c..  President  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  from  1854  to  1868. 

Dr.  Maclean's  remains  repose  in  the  College  burial  lot 
at  the  Princeton  cemetery  : 


320  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Maclean.  Manlove. 

Laus  Deo  Optimo  Maximo. 

Intra  hoc  Sepulclirum, 

deposita  sunt  spe  resurrectionis  beatae 

Reliquias  Mortales 

JOHANNIS  MACLEAN,  M.  D. 

viri  admodum  venerandi ; 

Omnibus  doiibus  animi  praecellentis. 

Qui 

Glascuae  Scotorum  Natus, 

KalMartii  A.  D.  MDCCLXXI. 

In  Americam  Migravit  Anno  MDCCXCV. 

Phj'sicae  Naturalis  Scientia  penitus  instructus 

et 

Arte  Chemica  precipue  florens. 

Earum  Artium 

in  Acadeniia  Nassovica  professor 

designatus  est  Prid.  Kal.  Oct.  ejusdem  Anni 

Professoribus  ac  Juventuti  in  Collegio 

mire  dilectus  atque  observatus. 

e  vita  eheu  !  decessit 

Omnibus  plorandus 

Idibus  Februarii, 

MDCCCXIV.' 


Christopher  Manlove 
Joined  the   Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  as  one  of  its 
founders  in  1766.     He  went  to  Virginia,  receiving  from 
the   Society,    1767,   credentials   of  his   good  standing,   as 
follows : 

"  To  whom  it  may  concern : 
Let  this  certify  that  the  bearer  hereof,  Doctor  Christopher  Man- 
love, has,  for  a  considerable  time  past,  been  engaged  in  this  Province 
in  the  practice  of  Physic  and  Surgery,  with  general  approbation  and 
success ;  that  he  is  at  this  time  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical 
Society  in  good  repute,  and  that  the  said  Society  do,  from  just 
grounds,  recommend  him  as  a  person  of  fair  character,  properly  qual- 
ified for  the  exercise  of  the  above  professions  to  any  people  among 
whom  he  may  reside.  ROBT.  MCKEAN,  Pres. 

New  Jersey,  May  5,  1767.  MOSES  BLOOMFIELD,  Sec'y." 


>  MSS.  letter  of  Rev.  Jno.  Maclean,  D.  D. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  321 

Manning.  Marmion. 

Nathaniel  Manning 
Is  believed  to  have  belonged  to  the  family  of  Manning 
who  came  to  Amboy  in  the  "  Caledonia,"  during  the 
troubles  in  Scotland  in  171 5.  He  received  his  medical 
education  under  the  tuition  of  the  "  Faculty  of  Philadel- 
phia," as  upon  applying  for  admission  to  the  Medical 
Society  in  1767,  he  presented  testimonials  from  them  as 
to  his  proficiency  in  medicine.  He  practised  for  a  time 
in  Metuchen,  and  was  considered  as  an  able  and  most 
excellent  man.  In  1771  he  applied  to  the  Society  for 
a  certificate  of  character  as  a  physician,  being  about  to 
leave  the  Province,  which  was  granted  to  him.  In 
1772  he  was  present  at  the  meeting  of  the  Society. 
From  that  date  his  name  does  not  appear.  He  went  to 
England  in  1771,  and  in  that  year  was  ordained  by  the 
Bishop  of  London,  for  Hampshire  Parish,  Hampshire 
County,  Virginia.  In  1775  he  was  its  incumbent. 
He  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1762, 
and  is  noted  in  its  catalogue  as  a  clergyman.  There 
is  no  evidence  that  he,  like  many  of  his  compeers,  did  not 
subsequently  practise  as  a  physician.  He  was  in  the  same 
class  in  college  with  Rev.  James  Manning,  not  of  the  same 
family,  a  Jerseyman,  who  was  afterwards  President  of 
Brown  University. 

The   will    of  Nathaniel    Manning,    of    Piscataway,    re- 
corded 1766,  gives  to  son  Nathaniel. 


Samuel  Marmion. 
Born  in   England  in   1650.     Upon   coming  to  America 
he  lived    first  at  New   Castle,   then   in    Philadelphia  till 
about    1709.     His   daughter,    Diana,    married    Col.    Peter 


322  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Marmion.  Mason. 


i 


Bard,  in  1707.  He  was  a  physician,  but  it  is  not  now 
known  how  much  he  practised  his  profession.  During 
his  late  years  he  gave  up  medicine  and  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile pursuits.  From  old  letters  now  extant,  it  would 
appear  that  Lord  Cornbury,  Peter  Fauconnier,  his  Secre- 
tary, Peter  Bard,  2d  Judge,  Montgsesson,  1st  Judge, 
Pinhorne  and  Dr.  Marmion,  the  old  fathers  of  the  hamlet, 
were  all  concerned  together  in  land  and  land  patents, 
and  in  "  ventures  to  the  Barbadoes,"  as  well  as  in  the 
politics  of  their  time. 

The  Doctor  came  to  America  in  1700.  He  married 
Elizabeth  Parker,  born  in  Lancashire,  1670,  died  1729,  a 
stately  dame  of  good  family  and  a  woman  of  strong  mind 
and  great  piety.  He  made  his  will  in  pcriciilo  mortis, 
January  24th,  1734,  and  says:  "  I  give  my  brick  dwelling 
house,  lot  of  land  and  all  my  appurtenances  to  my  daugh- 
ter Diana  Bard,^  my  executrix  &c.  Said  dwelling  being 
situated  on  High  St.  in  y^    town  of  Burlington." 

Dr.  Marmion  died  March  20th,  1734,  at  the  age  of 
eighty.  His  remains  and  those  of  his  wife  lie  next  to 
those  of  Peter  Bard,  his  son-in-law,  in  the  churchyard  of 
St.  Mary's,  Burlington.  2 


William  K.  Mason 
Was  born  at  Pemberton,  December  12,  1790,  and  studied 
medicine  with  his    stepfather,    Dr.    Egbert,    probably  in 
Trenton.     He  went  to  Tuckerton  soon  after  his  marriage, 
and  was  in  active  practice  there  till  within  a  few  years  of 


»  By  the  Bard  marriage  union  was  a  daughter,  Mary  Martha,  who  married  Rev. 
Cohn  Campbell,  Miss,  of  See.  for  prop,  of  the  Gospel.— Hill's  His.  of  St.  Mary's. 
»  MSS.  Notes  of  Arthur  Sands,  &c. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  323 

Mason.  McCalla. 

his  death,  which  occurred  May  29,  1874.  After  the  death 
of  Dr.  Sawyer,  Mason  had  the  field  to  himself  for  many 
years.  His  practice  extended  over  a  wide  district.  He 
was  married  twice  but  had  no  children.  Having  acquired 
a  tolerable  competency,  he  left  by  his  will  several  small 
legacies  for  public  and  charitable  purposes,  one  of  which 
was  five  hundred  dollars  towards  a  public  library,  and 
another  of  three  hundred  dollars  to  be  expended  in  fruit 
trees  for  poor  people  in  his  vicinity,  who  have  small  lots 
of  ground. 


Thomas  Harrison  McCalla, 
Son   of  John   McCalla,   was  born   in   Philadelphia;  prac- 
tised in  Greeenwich  between  1790  and  1800.     He  removed 
to  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  died  there.  ^ 


Archibald  C.  McCalla, 
Brother  to  the  foregoing,  studied  with  his  brother  Thomas. 
He  first  settled  as  a  physician  in  Salem.  Married  Marga- 
ret, daughter  of  Robert  Patterson.  He  is  doubtless  the 
"  Archibald  McCauley,"  recorded  as  received  to  member- 
ship in  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  1787,  being  then 
twenty-four  years  of  age  and  at  the  commencement  of 
his  practice.  He  was  born  P'cbruary  11,  1763  ;  died  June 
16,  181 1.  An  interesting  memoir  of  him  is  found  in  the 
History  of  the  Medical  Men  of  Cumberland  County. 


'  His.  of  Med.  Men  of  Cumberland  Co. 


324  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

McCartek. 

Charles  McCarter. 
In  Stryker's  Register  of  officers  and  men  of  New  Jer- 
sey who  served  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  Dr.  Charles 
McCarter  is  noted  as  Surgeon  in  the  Continental  Army. 
As  thus  associated  with  the  medical  men  of  the  State,  we 
give  him  a  place  in  our  record.  It  does  not  appear  that 
he  was,  in  any  other  relations,  connected  with  the  profes- 
sion in  New  Jersey. 

The  Doctor  was  a  Scotchman  by  birth.  He  entered 
the  Colonial  service  in  New  York  City,  soon  after  the  war, 
the  particular  service  unknown  ;  but  soon  after,  he  was 
attached  as  mate  to  the  4th  Penn.  Regiment,  Cols.  Butler 
and  Morgan.  Wm.  Brown  was  commissary,  and  while 
the  army  was  at  Valley  Forge  he  became  very  intimate 
with  his  family,  who  had  been  compelled  to  leave  Phila- 
delphia during  the  occupation  by  the  enemy.  The 
Doctor  was  present  at  the  battles  of  Trenton,  Brandy- 
wine,  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne  ;  at  Monmouth  and  at 
Yorktown.  After  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis,  he  was 
appointed,  April,  1782,  Surgeon  on  board  the  armed  ves- 
sel "  Hyder  Ali,"  commanded  by  Capt.  Barnes,  to  sail 
with  dispatches  to  France.  On  the  passage  out,  having 
an  engagement  with  a  British  vessel,  they  were  compelled 
to  put  into  one  of  the  West  India  islands  to  refit.  Off 
the  Capes  a  prize  was  captured.  One  of  the  men  was 
severely  wounded  and  his  life  deemed  by  the  officers  to 
be  in  great  danger.  He  performed  the  necessary  opera- 
tions with  success  and  saved  his  life.  An  excellent  medi- 
cine chest,  found  on  board  the  prize,  was  presented  to 
him  for  his  skill  and  diligence. 

The  Doctor  was  married  to  Rachael,  daughter  of  Com- 
missary  Brown,  by  a  chaplain  in   the  army,  at   or  near 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  325 

McCarter.  McEowen. 

Yorktown,  October  23,  1781,  He  died  in  1800.  His 
widow  was  residing  in  1838-43  in  Philadelphia,  and  alive 
in  1850,  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven.  ^ 


Hugh  McEowen 
Was  the  son  of  Alexander  McEowen  and  Mary  Cross. 
The  former  was  born  in  Scotland.  Hugh,  his  son,  studied 
medicine  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  student  at  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  in  1784,  and  received  his  certificate  of 
attendance  at  that  institution,  signed  by  Benjamin  Rush 
and  John  Foulke,  July  12,  1786.  Having  been  licensed 
to  practise  in  New  Jersey,  August  19,  1786,  he  immedi- 
ately settled  at  the  place  now  called  Millington,  a  little 
south  of  Baskingridge,  where  he  continued  to  practise  his 
profession,  till  laid  aside  by  his  last  illness. 

He  had  a  very  large  practice,  extending  to  Long  Hill, 
Baskingridge  and  to  Mendham. 

Dr.  McEowen  married,  when  she  was  twenty-two  years 
of  age,  Catharine  Vail,  of  Baskingridge,  June  2,  1801. 
By  this  union  he  had  three  children,  viz. :  Mary,  married 
Dr.  Edward  Aug.  Darcy ;  Matilda,  married  Rev.  Dr. 
Fairchild,  and  Alexander.  The  two  former  survive. 
There  are  no  descendants  of  the  name  now  living. 

An  old  family  Bible,  printed  in  1765,  formerly  the  prop- 
erty of  Alexander,  Sr.,  is  in  the  possession  of  the  daugh- 
ters.    It  has  on  its  title  page  its  bequest  to  his  son  Hugh. 


William  McGill 
Lived   near   Frenchtown.      Commenced   practice   in    the 
closing  years  of  the  last  century;  died  1815,  aged  forty- 
six.      He    married    a    daughter    of   Thomas    Lowry,    the 
founder  of  Frenchtown,  Hunterdon  County.^ 

'  MSS.  in  Library  of  J.  M.  Toner,  M.  D. 

'•'  Blane's  His.     Mott's  ist  Cent,  of  Hunterdon. 


326  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

MclLVAINE. 

William  McIlvaine 

Was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Jul}'  i8,  1750.  He  was  the  son 
of  William,  who,  with  his  brother  David,  came  to  Amer- 
ica and  settled  in  Philadelphia  in  the  early  part  of  the 
last  century.  They  were  sons  of  a  thriving  merchant  of 
Ayr,  Scotland.  David,  the  younger,  died  young  and 
unmarried.  William  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Caleb 
Emerson,  and  grand-daughter  of  Sir  Edward  E,  William 
was  an  Elder  in  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Philadel- 
phia, from  1760  to  1770,  and  died  in  1771.  By  his  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Emerson  he  had  three  children,  viz.  : 
Joseph,  William  and  Mar}-.  Joseph  was  the  father  of 
Rev.  Charles  P.  McIlvaine,  Bishop  of  the  Episcopal 
diocese  of  Ohio.  Mary  married  Gen.  Joseph  Bloomfield, 
of  Burlington,  Governor  of  New  Jersey  from  1801  to  1812. 
William,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  his  second  son. 
At  sixteen  years  of  age  he  was  sent  to  Scotland  to  per- 
fect his  education,  and  received  his  medical  degree  at  the 
University  of  Edinburgh.  He  returned  to  America  and 
settled  first  in  Bristol,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  married 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Wm.  Rodman,  in  November  6, 
1773.  By  this  union  he  had  four  children,  perhaps  others. 
Two,  Hannah  and  Eliza,  both  died  in  infancy,  and  are 
buried  beside  their  mother  in  St.  James'  churchyard, 
Bristol.  Mar}'-  Ann,  born  1774,  died  1S14,  married  Gen. 
Jonathan  Rhea.  Rebecca  married  Joshua  Maddox  Wal- 
lace, whose  only  surviving  son.  Prof.  Ellerslie  Wallace,  of 
Philadelphia,  is  still  living.  His  wife  died  February  22, 
1 78 1.  He  married  (2)  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Wm.  Coxe. 
She  was  born  Februar}'  3,  1760,  and  died  1783.  This 
marriage  union  was  a  short  one.  We  have  no  record  of 
any  issue.  He  married  (3),  June  16,  1785,  Mary,  daughter 
of  Chief  Justice  Shippen,  of  Pennsylvania,  by  whom  he 


HISTORY   OF  N.   J.    MEDICINE.  327 

MClLVAINE. 

had  five  children,  viz. :  William,  Edward  Shipper),  Marga- 
ret, Joseph  Bloomfield  and  Mary.  After  his  second 
marriage  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  practised 
his  profession  till  1793.  In  that  year  of  the  yellow  fever, 
he  sent  his  family  to  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  for  refuge 
from  the  scourge,  while  he,  true  to  his  calling,  remained 
at  his  post  of  duty.  He  was  attacked  with  the  fever  and 
was  nursed  by  an  old  black  servant.  He  did  not  make 
known  his  sickness  to  his  family,  and  was  finally  restored 
to  health.  Dr.  Rush,  in  his  "account  of  the  Billious 
Yellow  Fever  of  1793,"  notices  the  cure  of  Dr.  Mcllvaine 
as  among  the  first  trophies  of  his  "  new  remedy,"  viz.  : 
"Calomel  10  grs..  Jalap  15  grs  ;  given  three  or  four  times 
daily  till  free  purging  is  produced. "^ 

After  the  Doctor's  recovery  he  joined  his  family  in 
Burlington,  and  from  that  time  became  a  resident  practi- 
tioner there  till  his  death,  which  occurred  on  the  i6th  of 
September,  1806.  His  wife  survived  him  many  years, 
departing  this  life  March  14,  1831.  Their  remains  and 
those  of  his  second  wife  lie  in  the  churchyard  of 
Burlington. 

Dr.  Mcllvaine  was  a  man  of  distinction  in  his  profes- 
sion, and  as  a  citizen  was  admired  for  noble  and  upright 
purpose.  Letters  still  preserved  in  his  family,  addressed 
to  his  son  in  college,  1801-2,  indicate  that  he  sought  his 
liappiness  in  the  bosom  of  his  family,  and  that  his  ambi- 
tion was  to  train  his  son  to  become  a  Christian  scholar 
.uid  gentleman.  When  in  Philadelphia,  he  was  a  regular 
attendant  upon  the  services  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church.  He  was  by  birth  and  education  a  Presbyterian. 
When   living  in   Bristol  and   Burlington  he  attended  the 


*  Rush's  Inquiries,  vol.  ii,  p.  130. 


328  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

MclLVAINE. 

Episcopal  Church,  and  had  his  children  baptized  in  it, 
giving  his  sympathy  and  cordial  support  to  that  Christian 
Communion  as,  at  that  date  there  was  no  Presbyterian 
Church  in  those  towns.  His  religious  impulses  are  illus- 
trated by  two  bound  volumes,  now  in  the  possession  of 
his  grand-daughter,  Mrs.  Margaret  S.  Dickinson,  of 
Philadelphia,  containing  Dr.  Blair's  sermons  written  by 
her  grandfather,  as  he  heard  them  preached,  while  he  was 
a  student  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  His  name 
appears  upon  a  subscription  paper,  in  Rev.  Dr.  Hill's  His-  \ 
tory  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Burlington,  for  the  support  of 
an  organist.  In  1794  he  was  elected  a  trustee  of  Burling- 
ton Academy.  In  Dr.  Hill's  history  is  a  letter  addressed 
to  its  author  by  Bishop  Mcllvaine,  who  writes  :  "  Dr.  Wm. 
Mcllvaine  lived  and  died  in  the  large  house  on  the  bank, 
which  Mr.  Chas.  Chauncey  afterwards  occupied,  and  where 
before  him  lived  the  grandparents,  John  Griffith  and  wife, 
of  the  present  Rev.  Dr.  Francis  Wharton.  His  mother 
grew  up  there." 

During  the  Revolution  the  Doctor  espoused  the  patriot 
cause.  In  1776  he  was  Surgeon  in  Col.  Read's  Regiment, 
His  name  however  does  not  appear  among  the  commis- 
sioned surgeons  of  the  Regiment. 

A  large  folio  volume  of  photographs,  published  by 
Elias  Dexter,  New  York,  1862,  contains  a  likeness  of  the 
Doctor.  The  portraits  in  this  volume  were  taken  from 
the  original  collection  of  St.  Memin,  a  French  officer  in 
Philadelphia,  toward  the  close  of  the  last  century,  and 
are  said  to  be  admirable  likenesses.  The  Doctor's  is  thus 
described  in  St.  Memin's  handwriting :  "  Doctor  Mcll- 
vaine, 1798  (the  year  it  was  taken),  of  Burlington,  N.  J., 
No.  187."     The  volume,  which  is  very  rare,  is  found  in 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  329 

MclLVAINE.  McKeAN. 

the  library  of  the   New   England    Historico-Genealogical 
Society  in  Boston.  ^ 

"  Mcllvaine "   monumental    inscriptions  in    St.   Mary's 
churchyard,  Burlington,  New  Jersey  : 

"  In  memory  of  REBE(];CA  Wife  of  Doctor  William 
Mcllvaine  and  daughter  of  William  Coxe,  Esq. 
Born  Feb.  3d  1760.     Died  September  13th  1783." 

"  In  memory  of  MARY  ANNE  RHEA  consort  of 

General  Jonathan  Rhea  and  daughter  of  Doct. 

William  Mcllvaine.     Born  loth  Aug.  1774.     Died  May  30,  1814." 

"In  memory  of  WILLIAM  MclLVAINE,  M.  D. 
Born  July  18th  A.  D.  1750.  Died  September  i6th 
A.  D.  1806. 

and  of  MARY  MclLVAINE  his  ReHct  Born 
August  15  A.  D.  1757.     Died  March  14  A.  D.  1831." 

In  St.  James'  churchyard,  Bristol,  Pennsylvania  : 

"In  memory  of  MARGARET  wife  of  Doctor 
William  Mcllvaine  and  daughter  of  William 
Rodman,  Esq.     Born  September  20  1752.     Died 
February  22d  1781.     Also  their  children  Hannah 
and  Elizabeth  who  died  in  infancy." 


Rev.  Robert  McKean 
Was,  in  1757,  ordained  to  the  Mission  of  New  Brunswick, 
by  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  For- 
eign Parts.  He  removed  to  Amboy  in  1763.  Previous 
to  his  settlement  in  Amboy,  his  mission  embraced  the 
towns  of  Piscataway  and  Spotswood.  He  devoted  him- 
self to  the  conscientious  discharge  of  his  duties,  as  far  as  a 
somewhat  delicate  constitution  would  permit,  and  made 
occasional  visits  to  Readingtown,  twenty-five  miles  dis- 
tant. The  result  of  his  labors  was  a  gradual  increase  of 
his  congregations,  till  his  removal  to  Amboy. 


'  MSS.  His.  Notes  Wm.  Jno.  Potts,  and  family  sources. 


330  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

McKean.  McKissack. 

In  a  letter  dated  October  12th,  1767,  Rev.  Dr.  Chand- 
ler, of  Elizabethtown,  informed  the  Society  that  "  wasted  |lj 
away  with  a  tedious  disorder,  the  worthy,  the  eminently 
useful  and  amiable  Mr.  McKean  is  judged  by  his  physi-  \\ 
cians  to  be  at  present  at  the  point  of  death."  He  adds, 
"a  better  man  was  never  in  the  Society's  service."  He 
died  October  17th. 

He  was  also  a  practising  physician.  That  he  was  dis- 
tinguished as  such  and  for  his  zeal  in  promoting  the 
science  of  medicine,  is  illustrated  in  the  fact  that  he  was 
one  of  the  original  seventeen  medical  men  who  organized 
the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  in  July,  1766.  He  was 
the  first  signer  to  its  "  Instruments  of  Association  and 
Constitutions,"  and  received  the  honor  of  being  its  first 
President. 

His  mortal  remains  repose  in  the  graveyard  of  St. 
Peter's  Church,  in  Amboy.  His  monument  now  stands 
there,  erected  by  Hon.  Thomas  McKean,  an  early  Gov- 
ernor of  Pennsylvania,  bearing  the  inscription: 

"  In  memory  of  REV.  ROBT.  McKEAN,  M.  A.,  Practitioner  of  Physic.  &c., 
and  Missionary  from  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign 
Parts,  to  the  city  of  Perth  Amboy,  who  was  born  July  13th,  1732,  N.  S.,  and  died 
Oct.  17th,  1767.  An  unshaken  friend,  an  agreeable  Companion,  a  rational  Divine, 
a  skillful  Physician  and  in  every  relation  in  life  a  truly  benevolent  and  honest  man. 

Fraternal  love  hath  erected  this  monument.'' 


William  M.  McKissack 
Was  a    resident    of  Bound    Brook,    and    during    his    life 
practised   medicine   in   that   town.     He   was  received  to 
membership  in  the  Medical  Society  in  1795,  being  then  a 


•♦  Hawkins"    Missions   of  the  Church   of  England.      Barber  and  Howe's  Coll. 
W.  A.  Whitehead's  Contributions,  &-c. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  33 1 

McKlSSACK.  MiCHEAU. 

practitioner  of  many  years'  experience.  He  was  the  last 
medical  man  received  into  the  Medical  Society  during  the 
last  century,  as  its  meetings  were  suspended  after  1795 
till  1807.  He  was  widely  known  and  esteemed,  useful 
in  his  profession,  and  was  regarded  as  a  physician  of  good 
judgment  and  skill. 

His  son,  Dr.  Williavi  D.  McKissack,  practised  in  Mill- 
stone, and  a  grandson.  Dr.  Peter  Ditmars,  recently 
deceased. 

Dr.  McKissack  died  in  Bound  Brook,  where  his  remains 
rest  in  the  old  Presbyterian  graveyard.  His  monumental 
inscription  is  meagre  and  imperfect. 

"WILLIAM   M.   McKlSSACK,  M.  D. 
DIED  Feb.   1831 

IN    THE    77TH    YEAR    OF    HIS    AGE. 

His  wife  died  Mar.  5,  1809 
in  the  sist  year  of  her  age."* 


Paul  Micheau 
Was  descended  from  an  ancestor  of  the  same  name,  on 
Staten  Island,  where  the  name  of  the  latter  appears  as 
Sheriff  of  Richmond  County,  1736.  He  died  in  175 1, 
while  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly.  His  son  Paul 
was  a  man  of  popularity  and  influence,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  first  and  third  Provincial  Congress.  He  died  in 
1790.  He  was  the  father  of  Paul  J.  and  Benjamin,  of 
Staten  Island,  the  latter  of  whom  we  suppose  to  have 
been  the  father  of  the  Doctor.^ 

Dr.    Micheau    removed    from   Richmond,  Staten  Island 
and  commenced  the   practice  of  medicine  in    Elizabcth- 


>  MSS.  Notes  of  Rev.  Dr.  Messier. 
''Chite's  His.  of  S.  I. 


332  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

MiCHEAU. 

town,  in  April,  1789.  He  applied  for  admission  to  the 
New  Jersey  Medical  Society  at  its  meeting  the  following 
month  and  was  admitted  to  membership,  giving  testimo- 
nials of  his  attainments  from  "  European  schools  in  which 
he  was  educated." 

He  opened  a  medical  school  in  1790,  advertising  in 
February  of  that  year  a  complete  course  of  medical  lec- 
tures to  be  given  at  four  o'clock,  P.  M.,  from  May  loth 
to  July  25th,  charge  £$.  In  his  advertisement  of  his 
proposed  lectures,  he  notes  himself  as  "  Surgeon  and  Fel- 
low of  the  Lyceum  Medicum  Londinense."  In  the  New 
Jersey  Journal,  June  29th,  1791,  is  the  following:  "On 
the  2d  Monday  in  the  ensuing  month  will  be  delivered 
by  Dr.  Micheau  an  essay  on  the  late  Percivale  Potts,  F. 
R.  S.  and  Surgeon  to  St.  Bartholemew's  Hospital."  His 
membership  of  the  Lyceum,  &c.,  and  his  admiration  of 
Potts,  admit  the  inference  that  he  was  educated  in 
London. 

It  was  at  his  suggestion  and  chiefly  by  his  efforts,  that 
a  Medical  Society  for  the  Eastern  District  of  the  State  of 
New    Jersey  was  formed,   in   1790.      It    met   quarterly, 
generally   in     Elizabethtown    and     Newark.       The    New 
Jersey   Medical    Society    entered    a    minute,    November,    li 
1790.  reprehending  him  for  thus  "originating  and   estab-     1 
lishing  a  Society  new  and  independent  "  of  the  Society  of    \\ 
which  he  was  a  member.  j 

The  motives  which  prompted  this  action  of  the  Society  i 
have  been  noticed  in  Dr.  Clark's  "  Medical  History  of  h 
Essex  County,"  as  illiberal.  They  are  to  be  estimated  by  ] 
the  relation  which,  at  that  early  period,  the  Society  bore  }] 
to  the  profession.  (See  Part  I.,  p.  49.)  It  was  consti-  |' 
tuted  by  members  of  the  whole  State,  but  in  its  practical  1 
working,  only  one-sixth  were  from  West  Jersey.     Of  that      I 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  333 

MiCHEAU. 

small  number,  not  half  attended  its  meetings  with  suffi- 
cient regularity  to  be  relied  upon.  Of  those  ordinarily 
in  attendance,  a  large  majority  were  from  the  counties 
in  East  Jersey  contiguous  to  Essex  County.  A  new 
Society  in  East  Jerse}%  independent  of  the  original 
Society,  would  deprive  the  latter  of  the  interest  and 
co-operation  of  its  members.  The  movement  was 
therefore  viewed  as  one  likely  to  be  of  serious  injury 
to  its  prosperity.  This  proved  to  be  the  result. 
After  the  Society  of  the  Eastern  District  was  founded, 
the  attendance  upon  the  meetings  of  the  New  Jersey 
Medical  Society  diminished  to  such  a  degree,  that  a  quo- 
rum was  rarely  present,  and  after  November,  1795,  there 
was  a  suspension  of  its  meetings  till  1807.  After  that 
date  it  was  reorganized  on  the  present  basis  of  delega- 
tion. 

At  the  meeting  in  1795,  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
confer  with  the  "  Medical  Society  formed  in  the  Eastern 
Counties  of  the  State,"  on  the  subject  of  a  union  of  the 
Societies,  to  report  at  the  next  meeting.  The  suspension 
of  the  meetings  arrested  any  further  action. 

Dr.  Micheau  married,  March  5th,  1791,  Maria,  daugh- 
ter of  Peter  Vergereau,  Jr.  She  died  August  15th,  1793, 
before  completing  her  21st  year.  Over  her  grave  in  the 
Presbyterian  burying  ground  a  monument  was  erected  by 
her  husband.  Under  the  inscription  of  her  death  are  the 
following  lines,  doubtless  written  by  him  : 

"  Closed  are  those  eyes  in  endless  night, 
I  No  more  to  beam  with  fond  delight, 

Or  with  affection  roll ; 
Eternal  silence  seals  that  tongue, 
Where  sense  and  soft  pursuasion  hung, 
To  cai)tivate  the  soul. 

2.S 


334  HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

MiciiKAU.  Montgomery 

Oh,  she  was  all  that  thought  could  paint, 
The  Mortal  rising  to  the  Saint, 

In  every  deed  of  life. 
At  once  the  fatal  arrows  end 
The  fondest  child,  the  kindest  friend 

And  most  endearing  wife. 

Fair  as  the  break  of  opening  day. 
Calm  as  the  Summer's  evening  ray. 

Truth,  virtue  was  her  guide 
When  Sister  Spirits  called  her  home 

She  sighed,  she  sunk,  she  died. 

Immnrtal  Saint  I  Supremely  bright  I 
Look  down  through  skies  of  purest  light. 

And  bid  affliction  cease. 
Oh,  smooth  thy  husband's  lonely  bed, 
In  visions  hover  round  his  head, 

And  hush  his  mind  to  peace."' 


Thomas  Wkst  Montgomery 
Was  descended    from   William,  who,  with  his  son  James, 
emigrated  from  Scotland  to  East  Jersey,  in  1702.      The    I 
Doctor  was  a  son  of  Alexander,  son  of  James  and  Eunice  | 
West,  the  latter  of  Eatontown.     They  lived  and  died   in 
Allentown,  where   their  remains   were  buried    in   the  old 
burying  ground.     Thomas  West  was  their  third  child  and 
first    son,    born    in    1764.      In    1788,    he    married    Mary, 
daughter  of  Hon.  John  Berrien,  of  Rock}'  Hill,  one  of  the 
Justices  of  the    Supreme   Court    of  the    Province.      He 
studied  medicine  and  was  licensed  to  practise  November 
7th,  1787,  after  which  he  was  admitted  a  member  of  the 
Medical   Society.     Soon  after  this  he  went  to  Paris,   and  I 


>  Hatfield's  His.  of  Eliz.     Clute's  His.  of  S.  I.,  et  aliis. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.   MEDICINE.  335 

Montgomery. 

remained  there  pursuing  his  medical  studies  for  two  or 
three  years.  On  his  return  he  practised  his  profession  in 
Allentown,  and  afterwards  in  Princeton.  He  subse- 
quently removed  to  New  York,  where  he  continued  in  the 
pursuit  of  his  profession  till  his  death,  in  1820,  at  the  age 
of  fifty-six.      His  remains  were  laid  in  Trinity  Churchyard. 

His  third  son  Alexander  Maxzvell  Montgomery,  M.  D., 
born  December  2d,  1792,  was  acting  Surgeon's  Mate  on 
the  frigate  "  Essex,"  in  Porter's  fight  off  the  harbor  of 
Valparaiso,  March,  1814.  On  the  return  of  the  officers  of 
this  vessel  to  the  United  States,  he  proceeded  with  Com- 
modore Porter  and  his  officers,  to  Washington,  whither 
they  were  ordered,  to  aid  in  its  defense.  After  many 
years'  sea  service,  he  was  ordered  to  the  command  of  the 
naval  hospital  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  died  January  3d, 
1828,  aged  thirty-six. 

Dr.  Thomas  W.  Montgomery's  children  were  :  I.  Mary 
Eaton,  married  (i)  Samuel  Riker,  of  New  York,  (2)  John 
B.  Shaw,  Purser  in  U.  S.  N.  She  was  the  mother  of 
Mrs.  (Bishop)  Odenheimer.  H.  Maria  S.,  married  (i) 
Horace  Eaton  and  (2)  William  Inman  (recent!)',  1877, 
died)  Commodore,  U.  S.  N.     HI.   Alex.   Maxwell,  supra. 

IV.  Jno.     Berrien,    afterwards     Commodore,    U.    S.    N. 

V.  JuHa  M.,  married  Wm.  M.  Bedell,  Philadelphia.  VI. 
Nathaniel  Lawrence,  in  the  U.  S.  N.  at  the  age  of  ten 
years.  In  the  action  of  the  "  President  "  with  the  "  Bel- 
videre,"  181 2,  lost  an  arm.  Was  aid  to  Com.  McDon- 
ough,  on  Lake  Champlain,  in  18 14,  and  was  commis- 
sioned Second  Lieutenant,  on  his  sixteenth  birtlula)^  for 
meritorious  service.  VII.  Eliza  Lawrence,  now  wife  of 
Bishop  McCroskey,  of  Michigan.  ^ 


•  Genealog)'  of  Montgomery  family,  etaliis. 


^T,6  IIISTOKV   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

MooRK.  More.  Morgan. 

Alexander  Moore. 
In  the  Bapti-st  Churchyard,  Bordentown  : 

•  In  memory  of  DOCTOR  ALIiXANDER  MOORE  who 
departed  this  life  Aug.  30th  1781  in  the  69th  year  of  his  age." 

In  memory  of  LEITTIA  MOORE  wife  of  Doct.  Alexander 
Moore  who  departed  this  life  Dec.  8  1797  in  the  76th  yenr  of  her  age. 

The  following  extract  from  the  Chesterfield  township 
records  (noticed  in  Woodward's  history),  probably  refers 
to  the  above  Doctor.  If  so,  he  was  practising  in  Borden- 
town as  early  as  1755,  and  his  practice  was  a  long  one,  as 
he  died  in  1781.  In  1755  Bordentown  contained,  as 
estimated  by  Woodward,  sixty  houses  and  about  three 
hundred  inhabitants: 

"  At  a  town  meeting  held  this  13th  day  of  Oct.,  1755,  at  the  house 
of  Godfry  Beck,  concerning  one  Mathias  Ostendine,  and  by  majority 
of  voats  it  was  a  Greed  that  the  overseer  of  y"  Poor  should  Imploy 
Docor  Moor  to  Cure  him  the  Best  manner  he  could,  and  to  pay  him 
out  of  The  money  that  is  to  be  Raised  for  the  vnus  of  y  Poor."' 


Enoch  More 
Was  a  cotemporary  of  Drs.  Stephen  Camp,  Alorse  and 
Griffith,   in   Rahway,   in   the  practice  of   medicine.     He 
belonged  to  the  Society  of  Friends. 


Lewis  Morgan 
Was  admitted  to  practice  medicine   in  New  Jersey  about 
the  year  1787,  and  with  others  was  received  as  a  member 
of  the  Medical  Society  in  that  year.     He  first  settled  in 
Somerset  Countv,  then  in  Burlington,  whence  he  came  to 


'  MSS.  His.  Notes  of  Wm.  John  Potts. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  337 

Morgan.  Mokris. 

Rahway  a  year  or  two  before  the  death  of  Dr.  John 
Griffith.  Here  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days. 
Tradition  says  that  he  was  a  surgeon  in  the  British  ser- 
vice during  the  Revolution.  Sabine  makes  no  mention 
of  him  in  his  "  Loyahsts  in  America."  As  it  would 
appear  from  the  record  of  his  admission  to  the  Society  in 
1787  that  he  had  recently  been  licensed,  the  reliability  of 
the  tradition  is  open  to  doubt. 

The  old  inhabitants  of  Rahway  tell  a  story  of  him.  It 
is  communicated  by  Dr.  H.  H.  James,  of  Rahway,  to 
whom  the  author  is  indebted  for  the  materials  of  this 
sketch,  and  others  of  the  old  physicians  of  Rahway.  We 
give  it  in  his  own  words.  "  For  a  short  time  there  was  a  Dr. 
Rodgers  in  the  town  who  was  a  competitor  in  practice, 
whom  Dr.  Morgan  very  much  disliked.  During  a  freshet 
in  the  river  Dr.  Rodgers  attempted  to  cross  the  bridge, 
which  was  overflowed  with  water.  Not  being  aware  that 
the  center  of  the  bridge  was  gone,  horse,  sulky  and  rider  all 
went  in  together.  The  horse  was  used  to  swimming,  and 
the  Doctor  held  his  place  in  his  sulky  heading  his  horse 
down  the  stream.  The  whole  town  gathered  on  the  bank 
to  see  the  Doctor  drown.  Among  the  spectators  was  Dr. 
Morgan,  who,  seeing  the  situation,  ordered  his  horse  and 
sulky  and  followed  the  river  road  to  see  the  result. 
About  a  mile  below,  Dr.  Rodgers  brought  his  horse  to  the 
bank,  and  came  out  sitting  in  his  sulky  all  right.  His 
horse  was  very  much  exhausted,  and  he  was  very  zvet. 
Dr.  Morgan,  pitying  his  condition,  invited  him  to  sit  on 
the  foot-rest  of  his  sulky,  that  he  might  take  him  home 
quickly,  as  his  horse  was  fresh.      Rodgers  replied  :  "  No 

sir ;  I  had  a  hard  ride,  but   I'll  go  back  the  way  I 

came  before  Fll  sit  at  your  feet." 


338  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Morgan.  Mokris. 

His  monumental  inscription  in  Railway  is  as  follows 

"DOCTOR   LEWIS   MORGAN 
WHO  DIED  Jan.  i2TH,  1821, 

IN  THE  64TH  YEAR  OF  HIS  AGE." 


Jonathan  Ford  Morris 
Was  a  son  of  James   Morris,  a  major  in  the  Continental 
Army.     He  was  born   in  Hanover,  Morris  County,  New 
Jersey,    March   21,    1760,  and  died   April    10,    18 10,   aged 
fifty.     At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  service  of  his 
country  in  the   war  of  1776.     At   that   early  age,   being 
large  and  tall,  distinguished  for  his  energy  and  talent,  and 
well    able    to    perform     the    duties    of   ensign,    he    was 
appointed    to    that    position    in    his    father's    Company, 
though   it  caused    some   dissatisfaction    among  the  men. 
He  marched  with  his  Regiment  to  New  York,  where  they 
encamped  till  spring.     They  embarked  thence  for  Albany 
and  proceeded  upon  the  Canadian  campaign.     At  Ticon- 
deroga  the  Regiment   suffered  from   small  pox  and  other 
camp    diseases.      After    his    discharge    in    1776,    he    was 
appointed  Lieutenant  in  Col.  Proctor's  regiment  of  artil- 
lery,  from   March    i,    1777.     In   the  summer  of  1779,  ^^ 
with  others,  volunteered  and  intercepted  the  enemy  under 
the   command   of  the   dashing    Lieut.    Col.   Simcoe,  who 
made  a  raid  for  the  purpose   of  burning  some  boats  on 
the  Raritan.      The  Colonel,  when   near   New  Brunswick,     P 
was  met  by  some  Americans,  who   had    concealed  them- 
selves behind   logs  and   bushes,  and  found  himself  a  pris- 
oner, his  horse   being  killed   and   himself  stunned  by  the 
violence  of  his  fall.     Morris  was  one  of  the  company,  and 
saved    the   Colonel's   life    by   adroitly   averting   a   deadly 
blow  aimed  at  him  by  one  of  the  soldiers,  giving  him  at 


HISTORY    OF    N.    J.    MEDICINE.  339 

Morris. 

this  time  all  necessary  assistance.  Long  after  the  war, 
when  Simcoe  was  Governor  of  Upper  Canada/  the 
Doctor  received  a  letter  from  him,  inviting  him  to  visit 
him  at  Toronto,  and  acknowledging  the  kindness  which 
he  experienced  at  his  hands,  rie  had,  prior  to  the  cap- 
ture of  Simcoe,  (November  28,  1778),  resigned  his  com- 
mission in  the  army,  at  the  solicitation  of  his  mother  and 
otiiei's,  his  father  having  been  fatally  w^ounded  at  the 
battle  of  Germantown,  and  died  January  7,  1777.  Early 
in  1779  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  medicine,  under  the 
instruction  of  Dr.  Moses  Scott,  in  New  Brunswick.  He 
afterwards  studied  with  Dr.  Shippen,  of  Philadelphia, 
who  was  so  impresseci  with  his  abilities,  upon  the  comple- 
tion of  his  course  of  study,  that  he  offered  him  a  partner- 
ship in  his  practice.  Dr.  Morris  refused  the  offer,  but 
ever  afterwards  regarded  his  decision  as  a  great  mistake. 
He  was  appointed  Surgeon's  mate,  March  i,  1780,  and 
resigned  June  17,  1781.  He  was  also  commissioned  Sur- 
geon militia. 

In  March  i,  1784,  he  married  Margaret  Smith  Euen, 
of  Elizabethtown,  who  survived  him  till  1844.  The  issue 
of  that  union  was  nine  children,  among  whom  are  Wm. 
C.  Morris,  of  Jersey  City,  and  Rev.  J.  F.  Morris,  of 
Bushnell,  Illinois. 

Dr.  Morris  was  a  successful  and  popular  physician  and 
surgeon,  and  continued  in  practice  till  the  close  of  his 
life.  As  a  citizen  he  was  philanthroi)ic  and  public  spir- 
ited ;  in  company,  reticent,  but  as  a  writer,  forcible  and 

'  Simcoe  was  appointed  Lieut.  Gov.  of  Canada  in  1791,  and  .served  five  years. 
He  was  a  man  of  higli  daring,  as  is  well-known  to  all  readers  of  our  Revolutionary 
history.  That  he  was  of  generous  impulses  as  well,  would  appear  by  the  above 
incident.  lie  cherished,  however,  an  inveterate  hatred  towards  the  U.  S.,  and 
had  the  credit,  while  Governor,  of  inciting  the  Indians  011  the  border  to  acts  of 
hostility. 


340  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

MoKRis.  Morse. 

competent.  He  resided  in  Somerset  County,  first  at 
Bound  Brook,  immediately  after  the  war,  and  then  at 
Somerville,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in  1783. 
His  remains  are  buried  in  the  Presbyterian  churchyard  at 
Boun(^  Brook,  and  a  monument  erected  over  them.^ 

In  the  New  Jersey  Journal,  March  13,  1792,  we  find 
the  following  advertisement : 

"  A  medical  seat  For  Sale.  In  an  opulent  and  handsome  countr)-, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Raritan,  seven  miles  west  of  New  Brunswick. 
The  price  and  terms  of  payment  will  be  easy.  Enquire  of  Jonathan 
Ford  Morris." 


I.SAAC  Morse 
Was  a  native  of  Elizabethtown  ;   born    1758,  died    1825. 
He  was  a  son  of  Joseph,  a  surveyor  and  land  conveyan- 
cer.    Their  ancestors  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of 
the  town. 

The  Doctor  was  a  man  of  much  originality  of  mind 
and  great  professional  activity  and  usefulness,  enjoying  a 
very  large  practice.  He  was  a  very  valuable  member  of 
society,  and  possessed  of  many  kind  and  virtuous  quali- 
ties of  heart.  His  ruling  trait  was  facetiousness  and 
humor,  to  which  his  patients  owed  more  for  their  conva- 
lescence than  to  his  learning  or  his  drugs.  His  mortal 
remains  were  laid  in  the  cemetery  of  the  old  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Elizabethtown,  of  which  he  was  an  attendant. 
P"or  anecdotes  and  illustration  of  his  fondness  for  joke 
and  humor,  see  Dr.  Clark's  History  of  Essex  County 
physicians.^ 


I  MSS.  Notes  of  J.  M.  Toner,  Rev.  Dr.  Messier,  &c. 
-  Rev.  VVm.  H;ill,  et  aliis. 


HISTORY   OF  N.   J.    MEDICINE.  34I 

MuLOCH.  Newell. 

James  Muloch, 
A  citizen    of    this    name    of    Gloucester   County,  in   the 
Province    of   New    Jersey,    practitioner    of  Physick,  was 
married  to  Priscilla  CoUins,  April  16,  1757.^ 


James  Newell, 
Son  of  Robert  and  Ellen,  of  Upper  Freehold,  Monmouth 
County,  was  born  in  1725.  He  received  his  medical  edu- 
cation in  Edinburgh,  where  he  graduated.  He  was 
obliged  to  go  to  England  for  his  diploma,  it  being  at  the 
time  of  the  Great  Rebellion.  He  happened  in  London 
on  the  very  day  that  the  Earl  of  Kilmarnock  and  Lord 
Balmerino  were  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  A.  D.  1746.  On 
his  return  to  America  he  settled,  for  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  in  AUentovvn.  He  had  the  reputation  of  skill 
and  success  in  the  treatment  of  disease.  His  circuit  of 
practice  embraced  twenty-five  miles  over  a  rough  country, 
which  he  performed  on  horseback. 

He  connected  himself  with  the  Medical  Society  in  1767. 
Was  elected  President  in  1772.  During  the  war  he  served 
as  Surgeon  of  2d  Regiment  of  Militia  in  Monmouth 
County.     It  does  not  appear  that  he  was  commissioned. 

He  married,  December  14,  1749,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Elisha  Lawrence,  and  had  issue  fifteen  children.  There 
are  no  descendants  of  this  Newell  or  Lawrence  tribe  now 
living.  He  died  of  a  malignant  fever  then  prevalent,  on 
February  21,  1791,  aged  sixty-six.  His  wife,  aged  sixty, 
died  of  the  same  disease  on  the  following  day.  They 
were  buried  in  the  same  erave. 


'  Hon.  Jno.  Clement's  Scraps  of  Local  His. 


342  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Newell.  DeNormandie. 

Ei.iSHA  Newell, 
Son  of  James,  supra,  was  born  in  1755.  On  the  comple- 
tion of  his  medical  education,  he  settled  in  Shrewsbury, 
and  upon  the  death  of  his  father  removed  to  Allentovvn, 
where  he  continued  in  practice  till  his  death,  in  January 
29,  1799. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in 
1 78 1,  and  in  1795  was  its  President.  He  then  read  a 
paper  on  Dropsy,  which  is  printed  in  the  '  Old  Transac- 
tions "  of  the  Society. 


John  A.  DeNormandie. 

Born  at  Bristol,  Pennsylvania,  July,  1713;  died  at  Hyde 
Park,  on  the  Hudson,  1803.  Son  of  John  Abram  DeNor- 
mandie, and  grandson  of  Andre,  who  was  confidential 
agent  and   Lieut,  of  Frederick   the  Great,  at  Neufchatel. 

Dr.  DeNormandie  was  xlirectly  descended  from  the 
feudal  Lords  of  LaMotte  and  the  high  nobility  of  France: 
his  ancestor,  Guilliame  DeNormandie,  Governor  of 
Noyon  in  1460,  having  married  Perrine  DeMailly  DeRoye, 
and  her  niece,  Elenora  DeRoye,  marrying  Lewes  Prince 
DeConde,  became  the  mother  of  that  race.  Laurent 
DeNormandie,  the  close  friend  of  Calvin  and  his  execu- 
tor, exiled  himself  to  Geneva,  and  there  filled,  as  did  his 
sons  after  him,  the  highest  offices  in  the  gift  of  that 
Republic,  as  also  filling  with  honor  and  dignity  many 
foreign  missions  to  the  Protestant  princes  of  Europe. 

Andre  DeNormandie  came  to  America  about  1706,  a 
widower,  and  settled  at  Bristol,  Pennsylvania.  His  sons, 
John  Abram  and  Jean  Anthony,  came  with  him.  John 
Abram    married    Henriette    Elizabeth,    daughter   of    Dr. 


HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  343 

DeXormandie. 

Francis  Gaudonett.  Jean  Anthony  married  Sarah, 
another  daughter.  By  the  marriage  of  John  Abram  and 
Henriette  there  was  issue  (i)  Dr.  John  Abram,  married 
Rebecca  Bard,  sister  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  John  Bard, 
of  Burhngton,  New  Jersey,  later  of  Philadelphia,  later  of 
New  York.i  (2)  Mary,  married  Peter,  brother  of  Dr. 
John  Bard. 

The  DeNormandies  were  members  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  at  Bristol,  Dr.  John  A.  being  a  warden 
of  St.  James'  about  1726.2  Several  tombstones  perpetu- 
ate their  memory.  The  first  is  that  of  the  original  set- 
tler "Andrew  DeNormandye,  dyed  y*^  I2th  of  Dec, 
1724,  aged  73  years."  Also  one  to  the  "  memory  of  John 
Abraham  DeNormandie,  Esq.,  who  departed  this  life 
Nov.  16,  1757,  aged  69  years  and  6  months,"  the  father  of 
the  subject  of  this  memoir.  Among  these  tombstones  is 
one  which  is  inscribed  as  follows:  "  Here  lieth  the  body 
of  Rebeccah,  the  wife  of  Doctor  John  DeNormandie, 
who  departed  this  life  July  the  4th,  1767,  aged  48  years; 
a  friend  to  the  poor.  Also  Mary,  their  daughter,  aged  12 
months."  Graydon,  in  his  memoirs  noticing  the  period 
of  1757,  says  :  "  With  the  exception  of  the  family  of  Dr. 
DeNormandie,  our  own,  and  perhaps  one  or  two  more, 
tiie  principal  inhabitants  of  Bristol  are  quakers."  The 
Doctor  therefore  removed  to  Burlington,  subsequent  to 
this  date.  In  1788  his  name  is  registered  as  subscriber  to 
Gary's  American  Museum,  as  of  Burlington,  New  Jerse)'. 

The  DeNormandie  and  Bard  families,  were  all  loyalists. 
England  had  protected  them  when  France  had  rejected 
them,   and    their    noble    blood    prompted  their   chivalric 


'  It  is  not  believed  that  lie  ever  practised  in  New  Jersey. 
»  Hill. 


344  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

DeNormandie. 

refusal  to  turn  against  her.  Sabine  in  his  "  Loyalists  of 
the  American  Revolution,"  edition  1864,  among  his 
addenda,  has,  '"  DeNormandie,  of  Bristol,  Pennsylvania. 
William  and  Andrew  were  attainted  of  treason.  The  last 
named  was  a  physician."  He  probably  refers  to  Dr. 
John,  for  we  find  in  the  Pennsylvania  Archives,  Second 
Series,  Vol.  III.,  1875,  pp.  227-8-9,  the  representation  of 
Mr.  DeNormandie  as  follows: 

•'  Augu't  4,  1778. 
To  the  Honorable  the  Representatives  of  the  Freemen  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met.  The  Pe- 
tition and  Representation  of  John  Abraham  DeNormandie,  a  resident 
in  the  said  Commonwealth  most  respectfully  sheweth ;  That  as  soon 
as  ever  he  heard  of  an  act  of  the  State,  entitled  '  an  act  for  the  public 
security  of  the  Government,'  which  was  not  till  after  the  first  day  of 
June,  he  had  a  memorial  and  representation  of  his  situation  presented 
to  the  Honorable  supreme  executive  council  of  this  State,  in  expecta- 
tion of  obtaining  that  indulgence  intended  in  the  said  act  for  the  relief 
of  such  Individuals  as  could  not  with  safety,  comply  with  the  other 
parts  thereof.  In  which  he  accjuainted  them  '  That  he  formerly  held 
a  commission  of  the  Peace  for  the  County  of  Bucks  under  the  late 
Proprietary  Government ;  but  soon  after  his  return  from  Geneva, 
which  was  in  the  year  1773,  he  renounced  the  said  commission  as  in- 
compatable  with  his  design  of  leaving  America  and  returning  to  Ge- 
neva, the  Country  of  his  Ancestors.  That  in  order  to  compleat  the 
design,  he  resigned  an  extensive  practice  in  Physic,  sold  the  great  part 
of  his  estate,  and  retired  from  all  public  business,  in  order  to  avail 
himself  of  the  first  oppportunity  of  embarking. 

That  being  a  Burgher,  citizen  and  subject  of  Geneva,  where  he  and 
his  family  have  a  freehold  estate,  besides  a  considerable  sum  of  money 
bequeathed  to  them  by  Testament  and  last  will  of  James  DeNorman- 
die a  near  relative,  *  *  *  *  under  these  considerations  the  Sub- 
scriber begs  leave  to  say  that  he  has  considered  himself  so  far  an  alien 
to  both  the  contending  powers,  as  to  induce  him  not  to  take  an  active 
part,  or  to  interfere  on  the  one  side  or  the  other,  which  line  of  con- 
duct he  has  faithfully  pursued  to  tliis  hour."  ■'=7=******* 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  345 

DeNormandie. 

Accordingly  the  Assembly  enacted,  Wednesda}%  2d 
September,  1778:  "Whereas,  Jno.  Abraham  DeNorman- 
die, of  the  County  of  Bucks,  practitioner  in  physick," 
The  act  then  recites  the  facts  as  set  forth  in  the  petition, 
and  declares  the  Legislature  "  disposed  to  do  justice  to 
all  men,  and  to  remove  every  just  cause  of  complaint  so 
far  as  in  them  lieth,"  and  grants  to  the  Petitioner  to  sell 
his  real  estate  within  ninet}^  days  after  date.  He  did  not 
leave  the  country  immediately,  as  appears  from  a  letter 
dated  New  York,  November  23d,  1778,  written  to  Jos. 
Galloway,  a  Tory,  by  Abel  Evans,  of  the  same  political 
stamp, 1  as  follows:  "Sir.  Doctor  DeNormandie  came 
here  about  a  fortnight  ago.  He  got  a  particular  act  of 
Assembly  passed,  empowering  him  to  sell  his  estate  and 
to  retire  out  of  the  State  under  pretense  of  his  being  a 
freeholder  and  burgher  of  the  city  of  Geneva,  and  not  in- 
terested in  the  event  of  the  dispute,  as  he  before  intended 
returning  to  that  place.  The  Doctor  informs  me  that 
after  leaving  Philadelphia  "  &c. 

Soon  after  the  death  of  his  wife  in  1767,  the  Doctor 
made  a  visit  to  the  seat  of  his  ancestors,  and  to  visit  an 
aged  uncle,  whose  heir  he  in  part  was.^  "  Among  the 
many  interesting  records  of  this  visit,"  as  related  by  Mc- 
Vicker,  "  the  family  retain  a  miniature  likeness  of  the 
philosopher  of  Ferney,  presented  to  him  by  Voltaire  him- 
self, who  appears  to  have  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the 
prospects  of  America,  and  even  talked  of  returning  with 
Dr.  DeNormandie,  as  he  said  to  '  lay  his  bones  in  it,'  an 
expression,  observes  the  letter-writer,  '  peculiarly  imprcs- 


'  His.  Magazine  for  Oct.,  1861,  p.  295. 

2  Life  of  Dr.  Bard,  by  Dr.  McVicker,  privately  printed. 


346  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

DeNormandie. 

sive,  as  he   does  not  appear  to   have  an  ounce  of  flesh  on 
them.'  "^ 

The  Doctor  wrote  a  history  of  his  travels  and  a  history 
of  the  origin  and  progress  of  the  poHtical  dissensions  of 
Geneva.  They  are  still  preserved  in  manuscript.  He 
was  a  man  of  learning  and  science.  In  the  records  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  Philadelphia,  among 
those  elected  members,  October  i8th,  1768,  we  find  Dr. 
Jno.  DeNormandie,  of  Bristol,  Pennsylvania.  Two  letters 
addressed  by  him  to  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  were  communi- 
cated to  the  Society,  and  are  in  its  published  Transac- 
tions.^  The  title  of  the  papers  is  "  An  analysis  of  the 
Chalybeate  waters  of  Bristol,  in  Pennsylvania,  in  two  let- 
ters from  Dr.  Jno  DeNormandie  to  Dr.  Thos.  Bond,  one 
of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  American  Philosophical  So- 
ciety." The  first  letter  is  dated  September  loth,  1768, 
the  second  October  6th,  1769.  The  first  gives  in  detail 
his  experiments  in  analysis  and  his  conclusions  that  they 
are  beneficial  '  in  all  that  numerous  train  of  diseases 
which  arise  from  a  debilitated  and  relaxed  state  of  the 
solid  parts  of  the  human  body,  brought  on  by  living  in 
warm  climates,  immoderate  evacuations,  &c.,  such  as 
h}'pochondriacal  complaints,  melancholy,  loss  of  appetite 
and  indigestion,  with  habitual  sickness  and  pains  of  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  and  all  their  unhappy  consequences; 
rickets,  lameness  and  some  paralytic  complaints,  and  that 
they  will  likewise  prove  powerful  deobstruents  and  alter- 

»  This  visit  is  noticed  in  the  hfe  of  Dr.  Bard,  ;is  made  in  1784,  which  is  an  error, 
as  Voltaire  died  May  30th,  1778.  He  was  therefore  in  his  grave  some  months  be- 
fore the  passage  of  the  bill  in  the  Assembly  of  i'enn.,  in  favor  of  DeNormandie. 
The  Doctor  made  a  second  visit  to  Europe  to  see  the  aged  widow  of  his  uncle, 
before  she  died,  and  to  get  the  property  coining  to  him  and  his  relations. 

-  Vol  I.,  p.  368. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  347 

DeNormandie.  Odell. 

atives,  opening  obstructions  and  discharging  what  is  ob- 
noxious b}-  the  several  emunctories."  He  follows  this  by- 
details  of  cases,  which  are  interesting  as  illustrative  of  the 
large  and  varied  practice  of  the  author. 

In  the  "Columbian  Magazine  "  for  1791,  published  in 
Philadelphia,  is  an  article  called  "  Hints  for  ascertaining 
the  properties  of  Plaster  of  Paris  ;  "  from  an  address  to 
the  "  Burlington  Society  for  the  promotion  of  Agriculture 
and  Domestic  Manufactures,  by  their  President.  John  A. 
DeNormandie,  Esq."  The  American  Museum  of  1792, 
contains  an  address  by  the  same,  before  the  same,  which 
is  published  by  order  of  the  Society.  That  he  maintained 
ai\  active  interest  in  medicine  is  manifest  from  the  promi- 
nence accorded  to  him  in  the  proceedings  of  the  New  Jer- 
sey Medical  Society,  of  which  he  became  a  member  in  1 790. 

He  possessed  a  warm  and  affectionate  nature,  and  his 
society  was  enjoyed  by  men  of  distinction.  He  was  well 
known  by  Gen.  Washington,  who  appreciated  the  delicacy 
of  feeling  and  honesty  of  motive,  that  prevented  him  and 
Dr.  Bard  from  turning  against  a  kingdom  which  had  been 
a  strong  and  timely  refuge  to  their  ancestors  and  their 
religion. 

The  last  few  years  of  his  life  were  past  in  the  hospit- 
able home  of  Dr.  Bard,  at  his  family  seat,  at  Hyde  Park, 
New  Y(n-k.  His  mind  completely  failed  him.  He  died 
at  the  age  of  ninety,  after  ten  years  of  imbecility.  ^ 


Rev.  Jonathan  Odell, 
Son  of  Jonathan  Odell,  of  Connecticut  Farms,  and  Tem- 
perance, daughter  of  Rev.  Jonathan  Dickinson,  of  Eliza- 

iMSS.  family  meniorials  by  Arthur  Sands.     MSS.    His.  .Notes  of  Wm.  John 
Potts,  et  aliis. 


348  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Odell. 

bethtown,  was  born  September  25th,  1737.  His  father 
died  June  25th,  1750,  while  the  son  was  a  member  of  the 
Freshman  Class,  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  where  he 
graduated,  in  1754.  He  was  educated  for  the  medical 
profession,  and  subsequently  served  as  a  Surgeon  in  the 
British  Army.  He  left  the  army  while  stationed  in  the 
West  Indies,  went  to  England  and  prepared  himself  for 
holy  orders.  In  January,  1767,  he  was  ordained  a  Priest, 
and  appointed  a  missionary  of  the  Society  for  the  propa- 
gation of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts.  He  returned  to 
his  native  land,  and  was  statioi^ed  at  Burlington,  where 
as  Rector  of  St.  Mary's  he  served  for  nine  years.  While 
there,  in  May  6th,  1772,  he  married  Ann  DeCou,  of  Burl- 
ington. He  had  served  the  church  but  a  year  or  so,  be- 
fore he  found  it  necessary  to  call  to  his  aid  the  practice  of 
the  profession  in  which  he  was  originally  educated,  for 
the  support  of  himself  and  family,^  In  "Craft's  Journal," 
date  1771,  it  is  noted  "  Episcopal  Parson  Odell  com- 
menced Doctor  of  Physic."  He  manifested  his  interest 
in  the  science  by  applying  for  membership  in  the  Medical 
Society,  to  which  he  was  elected  in  1774.  His  attain-  ' 
ments  in  general  science  were  also  recognized  by  member- 
ship in  the  American  Philosophical  Society. 

Like  the  most  of  the  clergy  connected  with  the  So- 
ciety whose  missionary  he  was,  the  Rev.  Doctor  was  zeal- 
ous in  his  loyalty  to  the  king  of  Great  Britain.  The 
private  journal^  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Morris,  kept  during  a 
period  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  informs  us  that  when,  in 
December  iith,  1777,  the  Hessians  attacked  Burlington, 
he  being  Rector  of  the  Church  and   conversant  with  the 


'  Letter  to  Sec.  of  Soc.  P.  G.  F.  P.     Hawkins'  Missions. 

'Record  of  the  Hill  family,  collected  and   arranged  by  John  Jay  Smith,  and 
privately  printed,  Philadelphia,  1854. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  349 

Odell. 

French  language,  became  the  intercessor  with  Count 
Donop,  the  Hessian  commander,  in  behalf  of  its  inhabit- 
ants, and  obtained  from  him  protection  against  pillage, 
provided  no  persons  were  found  in  the  town  under  arms  ; 
nor  arms,  ammunition  or  effects,  belonging  to  persons 
under  arms  against  the  King,  concealed  by  any  of  the 
inliabitants.  He  so  far  influenced  the  Commandant,  as 
to  obtain  protection  of  the  effects  of  an  old  friend,  who 
was  a  Colonel  in  the  Continental  army,  whose  wife  had 
retreated  he  knew  not  where,  and  who,  before  her  depart- 
ure, had  begged  him  on  the  score  of  old  friendship,  to 
take  into  his  house  and  under  his  protection,  property 
which  she  could  not  remove.  He  offered  to  give  an  ac- 
count of  it,  but  the  Count  refused  to  accept  his  offer,  re- 
marking, "  Be  assured  that  whatever  effects  are  entrusted 
to  you  in  this  way,  I  shall  consider  as  your  own,  and  they 
shall  not  be  touched."  He  did  not  long  enjoy  his  ex- 
pected security,  for  in  five  days  thereafter,  the  enemy 
having  hastily  withdrawn  from  the  town  and  its  neighbor- 
hood, it  was  entered  by  parties  of  armed  men  in  search 
of  the  Tories.  The  journal  adds  that  "  a  poor  refugee, 
dignified  by  that  name,  had  claimed  the  shelter  of  my 
roof,  and  was  at  that  time  concealed,  like  a  thief,  in  an 
augur  hole."  A  month  later  the  journal  records,  "  We 
have  some  hope  that  our  refugee  will  be  presented  with  a 
pair  of  lawn  sleeves,  when  dignities  become  cheap,  and 
suppose  that  he  will  think  himself  too  big  to  creep  into 
his  old  augur  hole,  but  I  shall  remind  him  of  the  place,  if 

I  live  to  see  him  created   first  B ^p   of  B n."     It 

is  probable  that  about  this  time  he  took  refuge  in  New 
York,  then  in  the  possession  of  the  British  army  ;  as  a 
letter^   written  to  the  Secretary  of  the   Society   for  the 


'  Hawkins'  Missions  of  the  (J!lili.  of  i'.nnlaiul. 
24 


35©  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Odell. 

Propagation  of  the  Gospel,  says  that  "  Mr.  Browne  and 
Mr.  Odell  of  New  Jersey  have  also  taken  sanctuary  in 
New  York." 

Sabine  says,  that  in  1775,  he  was  charged  with  writing 
letters  to  England,  and  was  examined  by  the  Provincial 
Congress  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Committee  of  Safety  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  a  year  later  he  was  ordered  to  confine 
himself  on  parole,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Delaware,  with 
in  a  circuit  of  eight  miles  from  the  Court  House,  in  Burl- 
ington. At  a  later  period  he  was  Chaplain  of  a  loyalist 
corps.  In  1780,  Arnold  wrote  a  letter  to  Andre  "to  be 
left  at  the  Rev.  Dr.  Odell's,  N.  York  ;  "  a  copy  is  in 
Spark's  "  Life  of  Washington." 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  settled  in  New  Brunswick. 
He  is  mentioned  in  the  annals  of  that  colony,  as  the 
Hon.  and  Rev.  Jonathan  Odell.  He  was  the  first  Secre- 
tary of  New  Brunswick,  and  was  Register  and  Clerk  of 
the  Council,  and  had  a  seat  as  Councillor. ^ 

The  political  poetry  of  Dr.  Odell  attracted  notice  at 
the  time,  published  principally  in  Rivington  s  Gazette. 
In  i860,  the  "  Loyal  Verses  of  Stanbury  and  Odell"  were 
published,  edited  by  Winthrop  Sargeant.  We  give  one 
from  the  collection  of  the  Historical  Society  of  New 
Jersey,  vol  ix..  p.  50. 

Inscription  for  Dr.  Franklitis  smoke  cons7iming  Stove  in 
the  form  of  an  Urn. 

Like  Newton,  sublimely  he  soared 

To  a  limit  before  unattained, 

New  regions  of  .Science  explored, 

With  the  palm  of  philosophy  gained. 

With  a  spark  that  he  caught  from  the  skies, 

He  displayed  an  unparalleled  wonder, 

1  "  Loyalists  in  America." 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J-    MEDICINE.  35 1 

Odell.  Ogden. 

And  he  saw  with  delighted  surprise 

That  his  rod  could  protect  us  from  thunder. 

Oh  !  had  he  been  wise  to  pursue 

The  path  for  his  talent  designed, 

What  a  tribute  of  praise  had  been  due 

To  the  teacher  and  friend  of  mankind. 

But,  to  court  political  fame 

Was  in  him  a  degrading  ambition, 

A  spark  that  from  Lucifer  tame, 

And  kindled  the  flame  of  Sedition.' 


Isaac    Ogden. 

Born  in  1764.  Graduated  at  Princeton,  1784.  Upon 
entering  his  profession  he  settled  at  Six  Mile  Run.  He 
there  married  Miss  Stoothoof,  daughter  of  Peter.  It  was 
said  that  he  rocked  the  cradle  of  his  wife  when  an  infant, 
while  as  a  student  he  boarded  in  her  father's  family.  He 
left  his  first  place  of  residence,  and  after  being  a  short 
time  at  Whitehouse  he  removed  to  New  Germantown. 
Here  he  succeeded  to  the  practice  of  Dr.  Oliver  Rarnet, 
his  brother-in-law,  and  during  his  earlier  years  practised 
extensively  and  successfully.  He  accumulated  property, 
and  was  widely  known  as  a  most  estimable  and  useful 
citizen.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in 
1788. 

During  the  later  years  of  his  life  he  abandoned  almost 
entirely  the  practice  of  medicine,  and  acted  as  postmaster 
of  the  town.  He  was  a  man  of  the  purest  life,  a  practi- 
cal Christian,  promoting  the  interests  of  religion  by  every 
means  in  his  power.  Upon  his  death  he  left  behind  him 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  had  known  him.  Sub- 
sequent to  1820  he  removed  to  New  Brunsw-ick,  where  he 


'  Hatfield's  Elizabeth.     Hawkins'  Missions.     Hill's  His.  of  St.  Marys',  etaliis. 


352  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Ogden. 

died  in  1829.  He  had  an  only  daughter,  who  married 
Rev.  J.  N.  Wyckoff,  D.  D.,  then  of  Somerset  County, 
subsequently  of  Albany,  New  York.  She  died  in  1827, 
two  years  before  her  father. 

Dr.  Ogden  was  buried  in  the  graveyard  of  the  First 
Reformed  Church  in  New  Brunswick.  His  memorial 
stone  has  the  following  inscription :  "  Sacred  to  the 
memory  of  Dr.  Isaac  Ogden,  who  departed  this  life  on 
the  6th  of  May,  1829,  in  the  66th  year  of  his  age.  A  kind 
husband,  an  affectionate  father,  an  humble  Christian."  ^ 

For  further  notice  see  Blane's  History  of  Medical  Men 
of  Hunterdon  Count)'. 


Jacob  Ogden 

Was  the  grandson  of  David,  who  came  from  Elizabeth- 
town  about  1676  to  Newark.  His  will  (December  1691) 
names  four  sons,  viz. :  David,  John,  Josiah  and  Swaine. 
Josiah,  a  leading  citizen  of  Newark  in  its  earlier  history, 
was  the  father  of  the  subject  of  our  memoir,  also  of  Hon. 
David  Ogden,  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  a  dis- 
tinguished loyalist  during  the  Revolution. 

Dr.  Jacob  was  born  in  1722.  After  receiving  his  medical 
education  he  removed  to  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  where  he 
practised  medicine  to  the  end  of  his  days.  He  enjoyed 
a  high  reputation  and  a  large  and  successful  practice. 
For  thirty  years  after  his  death  he  was  remembered  in 
Jamaica,  and  his  name  was  spoken  with  love  and  venera- 
tion. About  1764  he  published  observations  on  the 
malignant    spre    throat,    then    very    prevalent    on    Long 

»  MSS.  Notes  of  Rev.  Dr.  Messier,  et  aim. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  353 

Ogden. 

Island  and  elsewhere,  and  very  mortalJ  Dr.  Francis 
said  of  him  that  "  when  medicine  was  obscured  by  pre- 
judice, encumbered  by  forms  and  shrouded  in  mys- 
tery, he  thought  and  acted  for  himself,  and  proved  by  a 
long  course  of  success  that  he  was  not  only  an  original 
thinker,  but  a  sagacious  observer."^ 

We  infer  that  he  was  inactive  as  a  citizen  during  the 
war  of  1776.  Long  Island  being  in  the  possession  of  the 
enemy,  and  the  place  of  his  residence  being  one  of  its 
winter  camping  grounds,  and  at  all  seasons  occupied  more 
or  less  by  the  British  soldiery,  he,  with  the  most  of  the 
inhabitants  who  did  not  leave  the  Island,  joined  the  loy- 
alists in  petitioning  the  King's  Commissioners  for  the 
royal  favor. ^  When  Gen.  Woodhull,  in  September,  1776, 
was  mortally  wounded  by  the  sabres  of  the  British  light 
horse,  he  was  carried  to  a  tavern  in  Jamaica,  where  Dr. 
Ogden  and  his  pupil,  Minema,  afterwards  his  successor, 
were  refused  permission  to  dress  his  wounds,  a  British 
surgeon  being  afterwards  called  in.^ 

The  following  notice  appeared  in  the  Neza  York 
Gazette,  September  10,  1780: 

"  Last  Sunday  night  died,  at  Jamaica,  on  Long  Island,  of  a  very  pain- 
ful illness,  Doctor  Jacob  Ogden,  in  the  59th  year  of  his  age.  Through 
a  long  course  of  successful  practice  he  acquired  an  extensive  and  re- 
spectable acquaintance,  who  valued  him  for  his  great  kindness  of 
heart,  which  marks  the  honest  and  benevolent  man.  To  the  commu- 
nity in  general  his  death  must  prove  a  loss  ;  hut  when  applied  to  the 
private  feelings  of  a  family,  who  tenderly  loved  him,  it  becomes  the 
heaviest  of  calamities."" 


1  Thatcher's  His.  of  Medicine. 

2  Clark's  Med.  Men  of  Essex  Co. 

'  Revolutionary  Incidents  of  Queens  Co.,  by  Henry  Onderdonk. 
<  Onderdonk's  Incidents,  &c.  * 

*  Thompson's  \j.  I. 


354  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Otto. 

BoDO  Otto,  Jr., 
Was  born  at  Hanover,  Germany,  September  14,  1748. 
He  was  a  son  of  Dr.  Bodo  Otto,  who  had  been  thoroughly 
trained  in  the  best  schools  in  Europe,  and  introduced  into 
active  practice  under  the  auspices  of  his  father,  Dr. 
Christopher  Otto,  an  eminent  ph}'sician  of  his  day.  On 
the  death  of  the  latter,  the  elder  Bodo,  then  in  his  forty 
third  year,  emigrated  to  this  country  and  settled  in  Phila- 
delphia, in  the  year  1752.  His  literary  and  scientific 
acquirements,  and  his  skill — especially  in  surgery,  secured 
for  him  a  high  position  in  the  profession  of  that  city.  He 
practised  with  much  success  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
War  of  the  Revolution.  He  warmly  espoused  the  patriot 
cause,  and  though  advanced  in  age  and  on  the  eve  of  an 
intended  retirement  from  the  more  active  duties  of  his 
profession,  he  entered  the  army  as  surgeon.  Among  his 
other  services  as  surgeon,  he  had  charge  of  the  hospital 
at  Valley  Forge,  during  the  memorable  winter  of  1778. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  went  to  Reading,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  spent  his  declining  years  with  his  son.  Dr.  John 
Augustus  Otto,  under  whose  roof  he  died  in  1787. 

The  younger  Bodo,  after  receiving  as  complete  a  pre- 
liminary education  as  this  country  afforded,  pursued  his 
medical  studies  under  the  instruction  of  his  father,  receiv- 
ing his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  settled  in  Gloucester  County,  New 
Jersey,  a  few  miles  from  Swedesboro,  and  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  was  endowed  by 
nature  with  a  superior  intellect  and  great  energy  of  char- 
acter. On  the  questions  relating  to  the  liberties  and 
independence  of  America,  he  was  earnest,  emphatic  and 
outspoken.  He  was  a  warm  supporter  of  the  measures 
of  the  Provincial  Congress,  which   met  at  Trenton,  May 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  355 

Otto. 

23d,  1775,  and  afterwards  at  Burlington  and  New  Bruns- 
wick. By  that  body  he  was  appointed,  July  24,  1776, 
Surgeon  of  the  battalion  under  the  command  of  Col. 
Charles  Read,  destined  to  reinforce  the  flying  camp.  He 
was  subsequently  elected  to  the  upper  house  of  the 
Legislature.  He  was  also  commissioned  and  served  as  a 
Colonel  of  State  Troops,  First  Battalion,  Gloucester  Co. 
During  his  absence  on  military  duty  in  March,  1778,  a 
fight  occurred  on  his  farm  between  Col,  Mawhood's  regi- 
ment and  the  Americans,  at  which  time  his  house  and 
barn  were  burned,  his  wife  and  infant  children  driven 
from  their  home  at  that  inclement  season  of  the  year, 
and  the  products  of  the  farm  destroyed.  His  con- 
stitution was  seriously  impaired  by  the  exposure,  priva- 
tions and  arduous  duties  of  the  service,  and  after  a  long 
illness  he  died  at  his  residence,  January  29,  1782,  in  the 
thirty-fourth  year  of  his  age. 

The  following  obituary  appeared  in  a  newspaper  of  the 
day,  upon  the  decease  of  Dr.  Otto  : 

"  Early  on  Sunday  morning,  29th  ult.,  at  his  house  in  Gloucester 
County,  New  Jersey,  Bodo  Otto,  Esq.,  an  eminent  physician,  sincerely 
esteemed  by  a  numerous  acquaintance,  and  wliose  death  is  universally 
lamented.  The  day  following,  his  remains,  borne  by  four  officers, 
were  interred  at  Swedesboro,  attended  by  a  large  concourse  of  the 
most  respectable  inhabitants  of  the  county.  Eulogies  of  the  dead  are 
generally  flattering,  and  meant  for  a  compliment  to  surviving  friends, 
but  on  the  present  melancholy  occasion  it  may  be  said,  without  viola- 
ting truth,  that  by  his  decease  his  children  are  deprived  of  a  tender 
parent,  his  wife  of  an  affectionate  husband,  and  the  State  of  a  most 
valuable  member  of  society.  Firmly  attached  to  the  liberties  of 
America,  and  a  zealous  asserter  of  her  independence,  he  early  took  a 
part  in  the  present  contest,  and  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  county 
in  which  he  lived,  he  was  pointed  out  as  the  intrepid  vSoldier  and 
patriotic  Senator.     He  accepted  the  appointment,  and  discharged  the 


356  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Otto. 

duties  of  the  one  with  honor  to  himself,  and  of  the  other  to  the  satis- 
faction of  constituents.  While  applauded  by  all  for  his  public  con- 
duct, the  unavailing  sorrow  of  his  friends  and  the  sighs  of  the 
distressed  evince  the  amiableness,  and  will  remain  the  best  and  most 
lasting  monument  of  his  character  in  private  life  ;  the  former  he  ever 
received  with  hospitality  and  warmth  of  affection,  and  the  benevolence 
of  his  heart  taught  him  to  feel  and  relieve  the  miseries  of  the  latter. 
To  him  then,  whose  life  was  a  constant  series  of  good  actions,  death 
could  have  no  terrors.  He  bore  a  lingering  illness  with  patience,  and 
resigned  his  breath  to  God  who  gave  it,  with  the  fortitude  and  con- 
stancy, not  of  a  philosopher,  but  of  a  good  and  sincere  Christian." 

Dr.  Otto's  brother  FREDERICK  w^as  a  Surgeon  in  gen- 
eral hospital,  May  i,  1777 ^  As  his  record  appears  in  the 
Register  of  New  Jersey  men,  we  infer  that  he  was  a  resi- 
dent of  the  State.  He  died  during  the  war,  leaving  no 
issue. 

Among  other  children  of  Dr.  Bodo  Otto,  Jr.,  was  Dr. 
John  C.  Otto,  born  in  Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey, 
March  15,  1774.  Graduated  at  Princeton,  1792.  He 
entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Rush,  took  his  medical  degree 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1796,  and  settled  in 
Philadelphia  the  same  year.  He  was  for  many  years 
Vice-President  of  the  College  of  Surgery,  and  Clinical 
lecturer  at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  He  died  June  26, 
1864.  By  an  eminent  cotemporary  he  is  described  as  one 
"  who  combined  in  a  rare  degree  the  science  and  learning 
of  the  medical  philosopher  with  the  virtues  of  a  fervent 
Christian;"  and  by  another  as  one  who  "  was  alike  dis- 
tinguished for  scientific  acquirements  and  practical  skill, 
the  enlarged  benevolence  and  the  unsullied  purity  of  his 
life."2 


'  Siryker's  Register. 

2  MSS.  of  W.  T.  Oito,  Esq.     Barber  &  Howe's  His.  Coll..  &c. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  357 

Patterson. 

Robert  Patterson 
Was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  the  fourth  son  of  Robert 
Patterson  and  the  third  of  the  name.  He  was  born  May 
20th,  1743,  in  the  Province  of  Ulster,  Ireland.  His  father, 
who  was  a  godly  Seceder  from  the  Kirk  of  Scotland,  care- 
fully trained  his  son  in  the  doctrines  of  religion,  which  he 
cordially  accepted  and  became  in  V(iry  early  life,  distin- 
guished by  his  hearty  adoption  of  Christian  truth.  His 
was  not  a  child's  religion,  put  off  in  riper  years.  It  grew 
with  his  growth,  sustaining  him  amid  the  temptations  of 
youthful  years,  governing  his  plans  of  early  manhood, 
controlling  his  purposes  in  the  larger  sphere  of  life,  and 
continuing  with  him  to  the  last  hour  of  his  distinguished 
earthly  career.  Added  to  these  moral  traits,  he  early 
developed  a  fondness  for  study.  The  pursuit  of  knowl- 
edge, especially  in  mathematical  science,  was  with  him  a 
passion. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  came  to  America,  without 
pecuniary  resources.  He  landed  at  Philadelphia  in  Octo- 
ber, 1768,  where  he  remained  a  week,  and  then  set  out  on 
foot  for  Bucks  County,  in  prospect  of  obtaining  a  school. 
This  he  found  in  a  Seceder  neighborhood,  thirty-two 
miles  north  of  Philadelphia,  but  soon  removed  to  another, 
not  far  distant.  A  better  opportunity  soon  offered  for 
teaching,  and  one  more  congenial  to  his  tastes.  The  cal- 
culations of  longitude  by  lunar  observations  was  engag- 
ing the  attention  of  navigators.  Removing  to  Philadel 
phia,  he  opened  a  school  for  instruction  in  this  depart- 
ment of  mathematics,  and  soon  numbered  among  his 
pupils  the  most  eminent  commanders  sailing  from  that 
port.  When  twenty-nine  years  of  age,  he  had  accumu- 
lated five  hundred  pounds,  which,  upon  advice,  he  re- 
solved to  invest  in  merchandise.      He  removed  to  Bridge- 


358  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Pattekson. 

ton,  New  Jersey,  and  there  opened  a  country  store.  It 
did  not  make  his  fortune,  but  became  an  instrument  in 
the  hand  of  Providence,  of  giving  a  new  turn  to  his  sub- 
sequent Hfe.  Here  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Amy 
Hunter,  daughter  of  Markell  Ewing,  to  whom  he  was 
united  in  marriage.  May  9th,  1774.  He  had  now  returned 
to  his  former  employment  of  teaching;  but  soon  the 
troubles  with  the  Mother  Country  and  the  declaration  of 
independence,  caused  a  suspension  of  the  schools.  He 
now  resolved  to  share  the  fate  of  his  country,  and  acquired 
a  hasty  medical  education,  at  an  age  when  his  strong  men- 
tal powers  enabled  him  to  readily  grasp  scientific  princi- 
ples and  reduce  them  to  practice.  He  enlisted  in  the 
service  and  was  commissioned  Surgeon's  Mate,  Col.  New- 
comb's  Battalion,  Heard's  Brigade,  July  8th,  1776,  as 
assistant  to  his  brother-in-law.  Dr.  Thomas  Ewing, ^ 
Having  served  as  a  soldier,  in  his  later  youth,  in  the  Old 
Country,  he  had  acquired  a  good  knowledge  of  military 
tactics,  which  probably  led  to  his  appointment  of  Brigade 
Major,  staff  of  Gen.  Newcomb.^ 

From  1776,  to  the  evacuation  of  Philadelphia  and  New 
Jersey,  he  was  on  military  duty.  After  three  years' 
service  in  the  army,  we  find  him  on  a  small  farm  which  he 
had  purchased,  in  a  retired  part  of  Cumberland  County, 
near  Roadstown.  From  this  humble  employment  he  was 
called  to  the  Professorship  of  Mathematics  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  and  entered  upon  its  duties  in 
December,  1779.  Soon  after  his  removal  to  Philadelphia, 
he  was  elected  an  Elder  in  the  Seceder  Church,  (now 
Scots-Presbyterian,  in  Spruce  Street  t,  which  office  he  held 
to  the  close  of  his  life. 


'  Stryker's  Register. 
«  Stryker. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  359 

Patterson. 

In  1805,  he  was  appointed  by  Jefferson,  as  Director  of 
the  United  States'  Mint,  which  office  he  held  with  repu- 
tation till  his  last  illness,  wheil  he  resigned.  The  duties 
of  this  office  did  not  interfere  with  his  official  relations  to 
the  University. 

He  was  a  man  of  a  philosophical  turn  of  mind,  eager  in 
the  pursuit  of  every  kind  of  knowledge,  interested  in  new 
discoveries,  inventions,  theories  and  in  the  progress  of 
the  mechanical  arts.  He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  and  its  President  in  18 19.  The 
University  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D., 
in  1816. 

In  appearance  he  was  of  middle  hight,  strongly  built, 
and  of  venerable  and  dignified  deportment.  In  early  and 
middle  life,  his  manners  were  cheerful  and  animated  ;  in 
his  later  years,  more  reserved  and  absent.  In  conversa- 
tion he  was  ready  and  often  witty,  but  not  abundant.  In 
dress  he  was  not  disposed  to  change  with  the  fashion. 
He  is  remembered  as  a  gentleman  of  the  old  style,  in 
snuff-colored  coat,  small  clothes  and  high  top-boots.  At 
the  age  of  eighty,  none  of  his  vital  powers  had  failed  him. 
Soon  thereafter,  there  was  a  rapid  change  and  the  infirm- 
ities of  age  pressed  upon  him.  He  died  July  22d,  1824, 
in  his  eighty-second  year. 

His  remains  were  laid  in  the  churchyard  in  Spruce 
-Street.  On  the  death  of  his  widow,  twenty  years  later, 
they  were  taken  up,  and  the  remains  of  both  were  laid 
at    Laurel    II ill.  1 

There  is  a  short  record  of  him  in  the  "  History  of  the 
Medical  Men  of  Cumberland  County/'  in  the  Transac- 
tions of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  1 871. 


•  Memoirs  compiled  from  the  "  Patterson  Lineage,"  privately  printed. 


360  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Peck.  Pierson. 

Benjamin  Peck 
Is  noticed  in  the  "  History  of  Medical  Men  of  Cumberland 
County,"  as  a  student  of  Dr.  Bowen,  Jr.  He  lived  first 
in  the  township  of  Stoe  Creek,  afterwards  in  Roadstown  ; 
died  about  1805.  His  remains  were  interred  in  the  Pres- 
b}'terian  burying  ground,  Greenwich. 


Rev.  Abraham  Pierson,  1 

i 

Came  to  New  Jersey  as  the  Pastor  of  the  Branford  churcli,     i 
which  founded  Newark,  in  1666. 

He  is  spoken  of  by  some  of  his  later  historians,  as  a  j 
medical  practitioner.  It  is  not  improbable  that  he  was  a 
medical  as  well  as  spiritual  adviser  of  his  congregation,  as 
many  of  the  early  clergy  were.  We  record  his  name  in 
these  sketches,  to  say,  that  after  very  diligent  search  into 
his  history,  prior  to  and  after  his  residence  in  New  Jersey, 
we  have  not  found  a  shred  of  testimony  to  sustain  the 
claim  for  him  to  a  medical  record. 

In  his  life,  by   Cotton    Mather,  no  mention   is  made  of 
his  knowledge  of  medicine. 


AzEL  Pierson 
Was  a  resident  of  South   Jersey.     We  learn   no   more  of 
him  than  that  he  was  a  physician,  and  the  father  of 

AzEL  Pierson,  Jr., 
Who  was  born  July  12th,  1767.      He  lived   in   Cedarville, 
and  died  there  at  the  age  of  forty-six.      A  history  of  him 
is  given  in  "The  Medical  Men  of  Cumberland  County," 
1871. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  361 

PlERSON. 

Cyrus   Pierson 

Was  the  eldest  son  of  Bethuel  Pierson  and  Elizabeth  Riggs. 
His  father  was  son  of  Joseph,  son  of  Samuel,  son  of 
Thomas,  Sr.,  of  Branford.  Cyrus  was  born  in  South  Or- 
ange, in  1756.  He  pursued  his  academic  studies  in  Orange, 
preparatory  to  his  college  course,  which  he  completed  at 
Princeton  in  1776.  He  studied  medicine  under  the  tuition 
of  Dr.  John  Darby,  minister  of  the  Gospel  and  practi- 
tioner of  medicine,  in  Parsippany,  Morris  County.  Dr. 
Pierson  commenced  practice  in  his  native  place,  dividing 
his  time  between  the  demands  of  his  profession  and  those 
of  the  paternal  farm.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Cald- 
well, where  he  remained  about  four  years.  He  was  ad- 
mitted a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 
in  1788.  He  was  in  Caldwell  in  1789,  being  then  one  of 
a  committee  to  found  a  village  library,  and  was  a  resident 
as  late  as  1792,  being  one  of  the  building  committee  of 
the  church.^  After  this  date  he  removed  to  Woodbridge, 
where,  and  in  the  surrounding  region,  he  obtained  a 
large  practice.  After  the  death  of  Pr.  Wall,  he  purchased 
his  property  and  succeeded  to  his  practice.  The  labors 
of  so  wide  a  circuit,  were  too  severe  for  a  constitution 
already  enfeebled  by  the  inroads  of  pulmonary  disease. 
He  relinquished  his  business  in  Woodbridge,  and  re- 
moved to  Newark,  where  he  resided  till  his  death. 
After  a  time  he  associated  with  him  in  his  practice,  Dr. 
Samuel  Hays,  who  had  just  entered  the  profession,  and 
this  partnership  was  continued  till  the  death  of  Dr. 
Pierson. 
The  Doctor  married   Nancy,  daughter  of  Dr.  Matthias 


>  Berry's  His.  of  Caldwell  Church. 


362  HISTORY   OF   N.    J-    MEDICINE. 

PlEKSON. 

Pierson,   of  Orange,   by  whom    he  had    seven    children ; 
three  of  them,  sons,  viz.  :    Horace,  Charles  and  Cyrus. 

It  was  during  the  last  years  of  Dr.  Pierson's  life,  that 
vaccination  was  introduced  to  the  notice  of  the  people,  (i 
The  following  incident  illustrates  the  inquiring  attitude 
of  physicians  of  that  day,  in  regard  to  it.  To  test  its  pro- 
phylactic power,  the  Doctor  vaccinated  two  children  of 
Rev.  Mr.,  afterwards  the  distinguished  Dr.  Griffin,  then  .j 
a  resident  of  Newark.  He  then  inoculated  his  own  child 
with  the  small  pox  virus.  When  the  disease  was  fully 
developed,  he  brought  the  children  of  Mr.  Griffin  in  con- 
tact with  his  own.  The  result  was  favorable  to  the  new 
discovery,  as  we  at  this  day  would  expect  it  to  be  ;  but 
we  may  readily  imagine  the  interest  with  which  the  ex- 
periment was  then  watched.  The  incident  illustrates  the 
further  fact,  which  belongs  to  the  history  of  that  period, 
that  to  the  clergy  of  that  day,  a  debt  of  gratitude  is  due, 
for  the  essential  aid  they  rendered  in  overcoming  the 
popular  prejudice  against  the  new  discovery,  and  in  in- 
troducing it  among  the  people. 

Dr.  Pierson  died  in  Newark.  His  remains  were  laid  in 
the  old  Parish  burying  place,  of  Orange.  The  inscription 
on  his  tombstone  is : 

In 

memory  of 

DOCT.  CYRUS  PIERSOX 

WHO  DIED  Oct.  7  1806' 

IN    THE    48TH    YEAR    OF 
HIS   AGE 

His  rejTiains  and  those  of  his  family,  have  since  been 
removed  to  Rosedale  cemetery,  Orange. 


>  Error  of  stone  cutter,  it  should  be  1804. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  363 

PlERSON. 

Ebenezer  H.  Pierson 
Was  a  native  of  Morristown  ;  a  son  of  Aaron.  He  grad- 
uated at  the  College  of  New  Jerse}-,  in  1791.  Married 
1794,  Phebe,  daughter  of  Abraham  Canfield.  He  prac- 
tised medicine  in  his  native  town,  from  the  time  he  en- 
tered upon  the  duties  of  his  profession,  till  1816,  when  he 
removed  with  his  family  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  practised 
four  or  five  years  and  died.  While  in  Morristown  he  en- 
joyed a  large  and  profitable  practice.  He  was  descended 
from  Rev.  Abraham  Pierson,  through  Thomas,  Abraham, 
Benjamin  and  Aaron,  who  was  his  father. 


John  Pierson. 
His   monument    in  Woodbridge  cemetery  records  that 
he  died  February  21,  1772, 

"A  Skillful  Physician  and  sensible  man." 

He  was  a  son  of  Rev.  John  Pierson,  minister  in  Wood- 
bridge  from  1714  to  1752.  Afterwards  at  Mendham. 
Died  at  Hanover,  1770. 


Matthias  Pierson. 
Descended  from  Thomas,  who,  with  Rev.  Abraham 
Pierson,  probably  a  near  kinsman — tradition  says  his 
brother — were  among  the  primitive  settlers  of  Newark, 
from  Branford,  in  1666. ^  Dr.  Matthias  was  a  son  of 
Samuel,  the  grandson  of  the  first  Thomas.  He  was  born 
in  Orange,  June  20,  1734.  The  region  was  then  a  part  of 
Newark,  and    known  as   "  New    Ark    mountains."       His 

*  Conger's  Genealogies. 


364  HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

PlEKSON. 

early  education  was  obtained  in  the  grammar  school  of 
the  Rev.  Caleb  Smith.  When  he  entered  that  school,  in 
1759,  he  was  25  years  of  age,  and  continued  under  the 
instruction  of  Mr.  Smith  for  two  years. ^  It  may  be 
inferred  from  this  that  he  did  not  begin  to  practise  medi- 
cine till  about  thirty  years  of  age.  He  practised  in  his 
native  town  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

He  was  the  first  and  for  many  years  the  only  physician 
"  at  the  mountain  "  ;  his  colleague  in  later  years,  Dr. 
John  Condit,  being  twenty-one  years  his  junior.  His 
district  of  practice  was  large,  embracing  that  now  occu- 
pied by  the  Oranges,  Bloomfield,  Caldwell  and  to  the 
borders  of  Morris  County,  which,  during  the  most  of  his 
life,  was  traversed  on  horseback. 

He  married  Phebe,  daughter  of  Isaac  Nutman,  of  Eliza- 
bethtown.  The  issue  of  this  marriage  was  three  sons  and 
five  daughters,  viz.  :  Nancy,  Sally,  Isaac,  Fanny,  Matthias, 
William,  Mary,  Harriet. 

Dr.  Pierson  identified  himself  with  the  interests  of  his 
native  town.  He  was  a  corporator  named  in  the  charter 
of  the  church  at  the  mountain  in  1783.  Two  years  later, 
when  the  Orange  Academy  was  founded,  his  name  is 
recorded  as  an  active  friend  of  the  institution,  which, 
under  his  and  others'  fostering  care,  became  and  long 
continued  to  be  a  leading  school  of  instruction. 

During  the  war  of  1776  he  was  emphatic  in  the  decla- 
ration of  his  patriotic  sentiments,  and  industrious  in  his 
endeavors  so  to  inspire  others. 

He  died  May  9,  1809,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five.  His 
remains,  which  were  removed  from  their  first  resting  place 
in  the  old  parish  burying  ground,  now  repose  in  Rosedale 
cemetery. 


'  Old  acct.  book  of  Caleb  Smith. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  365 

PlERSON.  PiGOT. 

Isaac  Pierson, 
The  eldest  son  and  third  child  of  Dr.  Matthias,  supra, 
was  born  August  15,  1770.  He  pursued  his  preliminary 
studies  at  the  Orange  Academy,  and  graduated  at  Prince- 
ton, in  1789,  a  classmate  with  Dr.  Hosack,  with  whom  he 
maintained  a  personal  friendship  during  the  rest  of  his 
life.  He  succeeded  to  his  father's  practice,  in  which  he 
continued  till  his  death,  in  September  22,  1823,  at  the  age 
of  sixty-three. 

He  married  Nancy,  daughter  of  Aaron  Crane,  of 
Bloomfield,  by  whom  he  had  ten  children,  viz. :  William, 
M.  D.,  Rev.  Albert,  Phebe  (Condit),  Fanny  (Jessup),  Rev. 
George,  Edward,  Aaron,  Isaac,  Harriet  (Collins),  Sarah 
Ann  (Terry). 

Like  his  father  before  him,  Dr.  Pierson  was  interested 
in  public  affairs.  He  was  Sheriff  of  Essex  County,  and 
also  represented  his  district  in  the  Twentieth  and  Twenty- 
first  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

As  a  medical  man  he  was  highly  esteemed,  and  mani- 
fested a  deep  interest  in  advancing  the  honor  and  welfare 
of  his  profession.  He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  New  Jersey,  being  its  President  in  1827.  His 
eldest  son.  Dr.  William,  also  a  Fellow  of  the  State  Medi- 
cal Society,  succeeded  to  his  practice.  He  is  still  living 
in  a  ripe  old  age,  enjoying  the  fruits  of  a  long  and 
successful  practice,  which  some  years  since  he  resigned  to 
his  son,  Dr.  William,  Jr.,  the  fourth  in  succession  of  the 
Pierson  medical  line. 


PiGOT. 


Doctor  Pigot  had,  in  ijA^yA^,  a  habitancy  in  the  town  of 
Newark.     The   only   shred   of  information  we  have  con- 
2  5 


366  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

PiGOT.  Prall.  Provost.  Pugh. 

cerning  him  is,  that  the  "gully  near  the  house  of  Doctor 
Pigot  "  was  the  point  of  departure  for  a  line  dividing  the 
inhabitants  of  second  river  from  the  "  body  of  Newark," 
for  the  collection  of  fines  and  assessments,  "  in  all  affairs 
relating  to  the  poor."  This  house  must  have  been  in  the 
northern  part  of  Newark,  near  the  Passaic  river,  and  at 
or  near  the  former  line  between  that  city  and  Belleville 
township.^ 


William  Prall, 
Son  of  Abraham  Prall,  was  a  native  of  Amwell,  Hunter- 
don  County.      He  studied   with  Dr.  Moses  Scott  ;  began 
practice  in  Reaville,  where  he  died,  February  9,  1825.2 


Jacob  (James)  Provost. 

In  Newark  graveyard  is  the  monumental  inscription  : 

JACOB  PROVOST,  Chirurgion 
DIED  Sept.  9,  1725. 

The    name    appears    but    once    in    the    town    records. 
Though  differing  in  its  lettering,  the  reference  is  doubtless 
to  the  same  inhabitant.      In  proceedings  of  Town  Meet-    J 
ing,  Apreil  y^  28,   17 14,  Doct.  James  Prouost  is  charged 
to  keep  in   order  for  the   common   line   of  fence,  his  pro-   'j 
portion  being  25  Links.-' 


Geo.    Pugh 
Was  elected  a  member  of  the   Medical  Society  in  1770. 
He  probably  resided  in   or  near  Elizabethtown,  as  he  is 


'  Newark  Town  Recofds. 

"  Blane's  Med.  His.  Hunterdon  Co. 

"  Newark  Town  Records. 


HIST()RY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  367 

PUGH.  RAGUE.  ReKD. 

charged  with  a  bill  for  clothing  in  an  old  account  book 
now  extant.  His  will,  probated  December  26,  1785, 
describes  him  *'  Late  of  the  Island  of  Jamaica,  now  Phy- 
sician of  Elizabethtown." 


John   Rague. 
In   Littell's  Genealogies   of  the   Passaic  Valley,  is  the 
following : 

Dr.  John  Rague,  a  Frenchman,  married  Lois  Bonnel,  an  aunt  of  the 
wife  of   Gabriel  Johnson,   Esq.      Had   three  children  married,  viz.: 

Betsey  married ,  Catharine  married  Jonas  Stanbury,  son  of 

Sam'l,  lived  on  Long  Island.  James  migrated  to  Urbana,  Ohio;  had 
issue.  Lemuel,  married  Harriet,  daughter  of  Bethuel  .Samples,  of 
Urbana  ;  Llewellyn,  a  Lieut.  L^.  S.  A.  ;  John  V.  married  in  N.  Y.  City, 
and  removed  I0  Iowa  City. 

None  of  the  family  are  now  in  Urbana. 


Thomas  Reed, 
Surgeon  Livingston's  Regt.,  Continental  Army,  Dec.  18, 
1776.1 

One  of  the  original  members  of  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati  of  New  Jersey.  The  New  Jersey  Provincial 
Congress,  February  14,  1776,  resolved  unanimously  "that 
this  body  recommend  to  the  Continental  Congress,  Mr. 
Lewis  Dunham  as  Surgeon  and  Mr.  Thomas  Reed  as  Sur- 
geon's mate  of  the  3d  Battalion,  to  be  raised  in  that 
State."  Laffel's  records  of  the  Revolution  credit  him 
to  New  Jersey  as  an  officer  entitled  to  half  pay.^ 


'  Stryker's  Register. 

■•'  MSS.  Notes  J.  M.  Toner. 


368  HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Reevk. 

John  Reeve 

Was  the  son  of  Capt.  Simon  Ramsay  Reeve,  of  New 
York.  He  was  born  there  December  26,  1765,  and  spent 
his  early  boyhood  at  his  father's  house.  From  thence  he 
was  sent  to  a  French  school  in  Montreal.  Canada.  He 
there  acquired  such  a  knowledge  of  the  French  language 
as  to  be  able  ever  after  to  speak  and  read  it  with  facility 
and  pleasure.  He  probably  prepared  himself  for  the 
practice  of  medicine  while  in  Canada,  as  he  came  thence 
to  Rocky  Hill,  in  New  Jersey.  He  became  a  member  of 
the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  in  1788.  At  this  time 
he  was  twenty-three  years  of  age.  The  inference  is 
reasonable  that  Rocky  Hill  was  the  first  and  only  place  of 
his  residence  after  he  entered  upon  his  profession. 

He  married  Ann  Clarl-:,  born  in  Trenton,  August  ii, 
1774,  on  the  3d  of  February,  1792.  He  acquired  reputa- 
tion and  secured  a  large  practice.  When  the  cholera, 
upon  its  first  in\iasion,  in  1832,  raged  among  the  Irish 
laborers  employed  in  digging  the  canal  near  Princeton, 
the  Doctor  was  very  successful  in  his  treatment  by  Calo-  j 
mel  in  large  doses.  On  one  Sabbath  morning,  as  he  was  jl 
going  to  church  with  his  family,  he  observed  a  poor  fellow  | : 
apparently  in  the  last  stages  of  the  disease,  laid  out  to  ' ' 
die  under  a  rude  shelter  in  a  fence  corner.  He  gave  him  ' 
an  enormous  dose  of  Calomel,  remarking  that  it  was  the 
only  thing  that  would  save  him,  though  the  man  was  so 
far  gone  that  he  expected  his  death  before  he  came  back. 
Upon  the  Doctor's  return  from  church,  the  patient  wa.s 
better  and  soon  recovered.  He  is  also  remembered  as 
very  skillful  in  the  management  of  the  typhus  fever  of 
1812. 

In    visiting   his   patients  he  frequently  rode  on  horse- 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  369 

Reeve. 

back,  and  traversed  the  country  without  regard  to  roads. 
To  shorten  distance  he  leaped  the  fences,  sometimes 
throwing  off  the  top  rail  with  his  foot,  and  thus  pursued 
his  way  through  the  fields.  In  these  rides  he  was  fre- 
quently accompanied  by  one  of  his  daughters,  who  was 
fearless  enough  to  follow  his  lead  and  obey  his  "come 
on,"  which  was  his  usual  notice  that  he  was  about  to  leap 
the  fence  and  take  a  cross  cut. 

When  the  Doctor  first  came  to  Rocky  Hill  he  purchased 
a  farm,  which  he  worked  largely  and  with  much  profit. 
Careful  always  in  his  personal  appearance,  riding  to  his 
fields  in  his  sulky  when  directing  his  hands,  but  never 
doing  any  manual  work,  he  was  nevertheless  a  very  suc- 
cessful farmer.  He  was  the  first  in  his  town  to  use  lime 
as  a  fertilizer,  sending  his  teams  for  it  to  the  Delaware. 
He  was  laughed  at  by  the  "  practical  farmers,"  but  he 
finally  had  the  laugh  on  his  side,  for  the  treatment  of  his 
land  gave  it  a  heart,  which,  though  badly  used  since,  it 
has  not  wholly  lost  at  this  day. 

He  is  described  as  of  stately  presence,  and  venerable  in 
appearance  at  quite  an  early  period  of  his  life.  He  was 
hospitable  to  his  equals,  but  severe  to  inferiors.  Stories 
are  still  told  of  cows  driven  away  from  the  poor  in  pay- 
ment of  debts.  One  of  the  incidents  of  his  life  is  related 
by  a  cotemporary,  still  living.  A  poor  but  hard  working 
man,  somewhat  advanced  in  life,  got  a  bone  in  his  throat. 
The  Doctor  was  summoned,  and  removed  the  obstruction. 
"  What's  the  charge,  doctor?  "  "  Five  dollars."  "Well, 
I  have  very  little  money,  can  I  work  out  the  bill  ?  "  "  Oh 
yes;  come  up  to-morrow  and  dig  in  my  garden."  To- 
morrow came,  and  with  it  old  William.  He  worked 
faithfully  all  day.     In  the  evening,  the  Doctor  passing  by, 


370  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

[■{keve. 

hailed  him  :  "  William,  you  need  not  come  to-morrow, 
but  the  day  after  you  may  begin  again.  What  do  you 
charge  for  a  day's  work?  "  "  Five  dollars,"  says  William, 
"What,  five  dollars  a  day  for  digging?  "  "  Aye,  if  two 
minutes  yanking  on  a  bone  in  a  man's  throat  is  worth 
that." 

He  was  twice  married.  By  his  first  marriage  he  had 
three  children — daughters :  Margaret,  married  Abraham 
Vanderveer,  another  married  Rev.  Henry  Perkins,  both 
deceased  ;  a  third,  unmarried,  is  still  living  in  Allentown. 
Pennsylvania.  He  married  (2),  a  few  years  before  his 
death,  Miss  Margaret  Blackwell,  who,  as  the  Doctor's 
widow,  married  a  Mr.  Skillman.  The  second  marriage 
was  without  issue. 

For  some  years  before  his  death,  the  Doctor  was  sub- 
ject to  slight  attacks  of  paralysis.  He  closely  watched 
his  s}-mptoms,  and  to  avert  an  attack  he  was  in  the  habit 
of  bleeding  himself.  He  died  of  dropsy.  He  became 
somewhat  childish  in  his  latter  da}'s,  though  he  did  not 
fail  to  rebuke  those  who  offended  him.  Some  of  his 
second  wife's  relations  will  certainly  remember  him. 
They  persuaded  him  to  let  them  dye  his  snow-white  hair 
and  beard  to  a  jet  black.  Horrified  at  the  transforma- 
tion, he  stormed  and  ra\'ed,  and  kept  the  household  busy 
for  two  days  until  they  washed  and  soaked  and  scrubbed 
them  white  again. 

He  united,  b}'  profession,  with  the  Harlingen  Dutch 
Reformed  Church.  October  23,  18 14.  Was  elected  an 
elder  in  1825.  He  died  on  June  23;  1834,  aged  sixty  nine. 
His  remains  were  laid  in  the  family  burying  place  of 
the  Vanderveers  and  Ten  Brooks,  situated  on  the  river, 
between  Rock\'  Hill  and  Griggston.  His  first  wife,  Ann, 
died  P^ebruary  6,  1827,  aged  fifty-two. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  371 

RiKER. 

John  Berrien  Rikek 
Was  a  son  of  Andrew,  of  Newtown,  Long  Island,  and  was 
born  in  1738.  He  received  his  education  by  a  partial 
course  of  study,  at  Princeton,  He  probably  studied  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  New  Jersey, 
as  he  was  related  by  family  ties  to  Hon.  Jno.  Berrien,  of 
Somerset  County,  who  was  a  leading  citizen  of  the  Prov- 
ince. The  Doctor  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Medical 
Society,  in  1768.  He  was  therefore  a  resident  of  New 
Jersey,  at  that  date,  being  then  thirty  years  of  age.  He 
is  noted  on  the  records  as  absent  for  the  five  succeeding 
meetings.  His  name  is  then  dropped  from  the  minutes. 
He  probably  removed  to  his  native  town,  soon  after  his 
admission  to  the  Society.  He  married  November  19th, 
1771,  Susannah,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Fish. 

The  battle  of  Long  Island,  in  August,  1776,  opened  its 
towns  to  the  tramp  of  the  enemy,  and  the  incursions  of 
the  British  Light  Horse,  in  search  of  "  rebels,"  and  for  pur- 
poses of  plunder.  Dr.  Riker  early  espoused  the  cause  of 
his  country,  and  before  hostilities  commenced,  exerted 
himself  to  promote  measures  of  resistance  against  the 
acts  of  British  tyranny.  The  night  prior  to  the  29th,  two 
days  after  the  battle,  was  spent  by  him  in  visiting  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  township,  and  tearing  down  Lord  Howe's 
proclamation,  that  the  people  might  not  be  misled,  and 
induced,  at  this  critical  time,  to  remain  and  accept  British 
protection,  instead  of  hastening  to  the  support  of  the 
American  Arms.  On  the  morning  of  the  29th,  the  British 
entered   the  town,  and    brandishing   their   naked   swords, 

declared  that  they  were  in   pursuit  of  the rebel,  Dr. 

Riker.     Not    finding  him,  they  dashed   on  towards  Hell- 
gate  ;  but  the    Doctor  had    escaped  in  a  boat  to  Barn  Is- 


372  lilSTORV   OF  N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

RiKEK.  Robinson. 

land,  and  eluded  his  pursuers.  He  fled  to  New  Jersey, 
like  many  of  the  Long  Island  patriots,  who  became  exiles 
from  their  homes,  to  fight  the  battles  of  their  Country's 
freedom.  Dr.  Riker  enlisted  as  a  Surgeon,  and  in  Nov- 
ember 28th,  1776,  was  commissioned  as  such  in  4th  Bat- 
talion, 2d  Establishment,  Continental  Army.^  His 
familiarity  with  the  topography  of  New  Jersey,  enabled 
him  to  render  valuable  service  on  several  occasions,  as  a 
guide  to  the  army.  In  the  expedition  of  Lieut.  Col. 
Simcoe,  of  the  Queen's  American  Rangers,  the  Doctor 
was  taken  prisoner,  with  several  others. 

When  the  war  closed,  he  returned  to  his  native  town, 
where  he  at  once  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
in  which  he  continued,  respected  and  eminently  useful, 
till  his  death,  in  September  5th,  1794,  in  his  fifty-seventh 
year.  His  widow  died  in  New  York,  December  6th, 
1836,  in  her  eighty-third  year. 

His  brother  Abraham,  married  his  cousin  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Jacob  Riker.  They  had  one  child,  a  daugh- 
ter, who  married  Rev.  Asa  Hillyer,  D.  D.,  of  Orange, 
New  Jersey,  where  she  died  in  November  19th,  1835,  aged 
ninety-five  years. ^ 


William   Robinson 
W'as  of  Scotch  emigration.     Resided  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Rahway,  to  which  he  came  as  early  as  1685.      He   pur- 
chased a  tract  of  seven  hundred   acres,  on  the  north  side 
of  the  Woodbridgeline,  and  a  branch  of  the  Rahway  river, 

*  Stryker's  Register. 

■■<  Riker's  Annals  of  Newtown.     Barber  and  Howe's  Coll.      Onderdonk's  Inci- 
dents of  Queens  County. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  373 

Robinson.  Rockhill. 

called  Robinson's  branch,  and  in  1678,  bought  of  the 
same  party,  viz.:  J  no.  Toe,  forty  acres  on  the  west  branch 
of  the  same  river.  In  1692,  he  obtained  a  survey  of  five 
hundred  acres,  in  Monmouth  County.  He  had,  in  1684, 
purchased  a  considerable  tract  of  Robert  Burnet,  one  of 
the  "  Lords  Proprietors,"  On  the  will  of  Mrs.  Rouse,  his 
name  appears  as  a  witness,  as  William  Ro/vr/son,  "  Doc- 
tor of  Medicine,"  but  on  his  own,  dated  May  i8th,  1693, 
as  William  Robinson,  "  Doctor  of  Physick."  An  illustra- 
tion of  the  little  importance  attached,  at  that  period,  to 
the  spelling  of  words  and  names. 

His  death  occurred  soon  after.  Although  so  large  a 
land  holder,  his  estate  was  appraised  at  ^250.  15s.  3d,,  by 
Andrew  Hampton  and  John  Winans,  whose  son  married 
his  daughter  Ann.^ 


John  Rockhill. 
Dr.  Blane,  in  his  "Medical  History  of  Hunterdon 
County,"  says  of  Dr.  Rockhill,  that  he  was  the  first  regu- 
lar physician  in  the  County,  of  whom  there  is  any  reliable 
record.  He  was  a  son  of  Edward  Rockhill,  of  Burlington 
County.  Born  March  22d,  1726.  He  studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  Thomas  Cadvvalader.  At  the  commencement  of 
his  medical  life,  in  1748,  he  migrated  to  Pittstown,  and 
was  physician  to  the  Society  of  Friends,  in  that  town. 
He  remained  in  Pittstown  till  his  death,  April  7th,  1798. 
He  married  (i)  a  Miss  Robeson,  whose  brother  married 
the  Doctor's  sister,  the  grand-mother  of  Ex-Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  Robeson.  In  addition  to  Blane's  record,  from 
which  the  above  is  derived,  we  add  that  he  married  (2) 


»  Hatfield's  Elizabeth. 


374  HISTORY    OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

ROCKHILL.  RODGERS. 

Elizabeth  Potts,  widow  of  Thomas  Potts,  who  was  some- 
time (1772)  High  Sheriff  of  Sussex  County,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Provincial  Assembly  of  1776.  The  Doctor 
had  no  issue  by  his  second  marriage.  Her  children  by  a 
former  marriage,  intermarried  with  his,  by  his  former  wife, 
and  for  several  generations,  the  Potts  and  Rockhill  fami- 
lies have  been  closely  intermarried.  Mrs.  Rockhill  sur- 
\'ived  her  husband  for  some  years.     She  was  the  daughter 

of Lukins,  Esq.,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  sister  to  the 

well  known  John  Lukins,  Esq.,  Surveyor-General  of  that 
State,  prior  to  the  Revolution,  and  a  member  of  the  Phi- 
losophical Society.  Like  her  brother,  she  is  said  to  have 
possessed  much  energy  and  force  of  character,  and  her 
descendants  have  always  held  her  memory  in  profound 
respect.  Dr.  Rockhill  was  in  some  manner  related  to  the 
old  New  Jersey  family,  of  Lambert,  (Thomas  Lambert 
who  came  in  the  "  Shield,"  1678).  In  some  family  papers 
he  speaks  of  "  Cousin  Achsah  "  (Lambert).  He  was 
therefore  probably  related  to  his  medical  preceptor.  Dr. 
Cadwalader,  who  married  into  the  family  of  Lambert. 
Being  Surveyor  to  a  board  of  land  proprietors,  in  West 
Jerse}',  he  entered  into  some  speculations  in  land  with 
Dr.  Caldwalader,  Dr.  Rockhill  doing  the  surveying.  The 
papers  are  dated  1754-5.  They  show  that  Cadwalader 
was  at  that  date  in  Trenton.^      (See  Dr.  Cadwaladerj. 


Charles  W.  Rodgers, 
The  hero  of  the  incident  related   in   the  memoir  of  Dr. 
Lewis   Morgan,  (which  see)  resided   a  short    time  only  in 
Railway,  and  then  removed  "to  the  west."     VV^e  have  in 


'  MSS.  family  memorials  of  \Vm.  John  Potts. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  375 

RoDGERs.  Rodman. 

addition  to  the  record  of  Morgan,  another  incident  to  il- 
lustrate his  smartness.  He  had  prescribed  for  a  rich 
patient  of  Rahway,  with  satisfactory  success,  and  when  it 
became  known  that  the  Doctor  was  about  to  leave  the 
place,  his  former  patient  was  very  anxious  to  possess  him- 
self of  the  prescription,  which  had  been  so  efficient  in 
relieving  him.  He  called  on  the  Doctor  and  solicited  it. 
The  Doctor  replied,  "  yes,  I  will  give  it  to  you,  certainly, 
but  it  will  cost  you  ten  dollars."  The  applicant  objected, 
but  the  remembrance  of  his  former  pains,  overcame  his 
love  of  money,  and  he  reluctantly  gave  the  ten  dollars. 
The  Doctor  took  his  pencil  and  wrote  "  Cataria."  We 
may  imagine,  but  tradition  does  not  record,  his  state  of 
mind,  when  he  found  that  he  had  paid  ten  dollars  for  the 
word  "  Catnep." 


John  Rodman 
Was  born  in  Barbadoes,  on  May  14,  1679,  and  accompanied 
his  father  to  Rhode  Island  in  1682.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried. His  first  wife  was  Margaret  Gross,  and  his  second, 
Mary  Willett,  daughter  of  William  Willett,  of  Flushing, 
Long  Island,  to  whom  he  was  married  on  July  7,  17 19. 
She  was  born  on  September  5,  1693,  and  died  April  8, 
1759.  When  the  Doctor  became  of  age  he  went  to 
Philadelphia  to  reside,  from  whence  he  removed  to  Boston, 
in  1707.  From  Boston  he  returned  to  Flushing,  in  1712, 
and  in  ten  or  fifteen  years  later  he  removed  to  Burlington, 
New  Jersey,  where  he  practised  medicine.  He  was  an 
active  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  in  fellowship 
with  which  he  died.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Aldermen    of  the   City   of  Burlington,  and    in    1738   was 


3/6  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Rodman.  Ross. 

appointed  a  member  of  his  Majesty's  Council  for  the 
Province  of  New  Jersey,  which  office  he  held  until  the 
time  of  his  death,  at  Burlington,  July  13,  1756. 

He  was  the  proprietor,  in  common  with  Thomas  Rich- 
ardson, of  large  tracts  of  land  in  Warwick  township, 
Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  as  early  as  17 12.  He  pur- 
chased other  lands  on  the  Neshaminy  Creek,  in  Bensalem 
township,  prior  to  1723,  to  which  he  added  one  hundred 
and  twenty  acres,  in  1736.1 


Alexander  Ross 
Practised  medicine  in  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey.  He 
was  originally  from  Scotland,  and  later  from  the  Island  of 
Jamaica.  While  in  New  Brunswick  he  resided  at  Ross 
Hall,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Raritan,  one  mile  above  the 
city.  We  infer  that  he  was  actively  engaged  in  his  pro- 
fession, as  one,  at  least,  of  the  New  Jersey  physicians  was 


'  MSS.  Notes  of  Wm.  Jno.  Potts  on  memorial  of  Wm.  Rodman,  by  Chas.  H. 
Jones,  Phila.,  privately  printed  1872. 

Note. — The  Rodmans  were  prominent  Friends,  among  whom  there  were  sev- 
eral physicians.  Dr.  John  Rodman,  probably  the  father  of  Dr.  Rodman  of  Bur- 
lington and  his  brother  Thomas,  also  a  physician,  was  born  in  England,  and  left 
there  to  avoid  persecution  for  their  religion.  They  went  first  to  Barbadoes,  where 
Dr.  John  Rodman's  wife,  whose  maiden  name  was  Scammon,  inherited  an 
estate.  After  residing  there  for  a  time,  he  and  his  wife  came  to  Newport,  R.  1., 
about  1682.  In  1688  he  removed  to  Block  Island.  About  1690  he  migrated  to 
Flushing,  L.  I.,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days,  and  died  in  1731,  aged 
about  78  years.  He  was  an  eminent  physician  and  surgeon,  and  successfully  per- 
formed several  operations  the  year  previous  to  his  death.  He  was  a  zealous  and 
sound  minister  of  the  Gospel,  frequently  visiting  meetings  abroad,  according  to 
the  simple  record  of  the  meeting  to  which  he  belonged.  "  He  did  abundance  of 
good  in  his  time,  and  died  beloved  by  all  sorts  of  people." 

Dr.  Thomas  Rodman,  his  brother,  came  to  Dong  Island  in  1675,  and  died  in 
1727.     He  was  a  physician  of  much  eminence.* 


'  MSS.  Notes  of  Wm.  Jno.  Potts  on  Mary  B.  Parsons'  Notes  of  Flushing:,  I'-  >. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  377 

Ross, 

a  student  in  his  ofifice,  Dr.  Chas.  A.  Howard,  who,  after  his 
death,  married  his  widow,  and  resided  on  the  Ross  property. 

Dr.  Ross  married  Sarah,  the  youngest  daughter  of 
Thomas  Farmer,  of  New  Brunswick,  a  lady  celebrated  for 
her  beauty.  Her  father  removed  from  Staten  Island  to 
Amboy,  in  1711.  He  was  a  man  of  distinction,  being 
second  judge  and  subsequently  presiding  judge  of  the 
Province.  He  was  also  representative  of  Middlesex 
County  in  the  Assembly,  from  1740  to  1743,  during  Gov. 
Morris'  administration. 

The  Doctor  died  at  his  home,  at  the  age  of  fifty-two. 
In  Christ  churchyard  his  monumental  inscription  records  : 

"  In  memory  of 
DR.   ALEXANDER  ROSS, 

WHO  DIED  THE  30TH  OF  NOVEMBER,  I775,  AGED  52    YEARS.  '1 


George  Ross 

Was  a  native  of  EHzabethtown,  and  probably  descended 
from  the  old  settler  of  the  same  name,  in  1665-6.  In  the 
New  jfersty  Journal,  February  2,  1796,  is  an  advertise- 
ment, thus  : 

"  Drugs,  medicals,  chemicals,  &c.,  being  a  fresh  importation  from 
Europe,  to  be  sold  by  Doctors  Ross  and  Williamson,  opposite  the 
Church,  in  Eliz'town." 

It  is  advertised  also  in  French,  on  account  of  the  num- 
ber of  French  refugees  at  that  time  in  the  town  and  its 
vicinity.  He  could  not  have  lived  in  Elizabethtown  long 
after  this.  In  17S9  he  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the 
Academy,  and  in  1792  was  librarian  of  the  Library  Asso- 
ciation, formed  in  that  year.^ 


'  W.  A.  Whitehead's  His.  Contributions  of  East  Jersey,  itc. 
2  Hatfield's  Elizabeth,  &c. 


378  ■  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MElJICINE. 

Ross. 

Alexander  Ross 
Was  born  in  Scotland,  in  1713.  Little  is  known  of  his 
family,  beyond  the  fact  that  they  were  born  in  Wigton- 
shire  and  Ayrshire,  and  held  a  respectable  position.  His 
father,  John  Ross,  died  at  an  advanced  age,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1789.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Marion  Han- 
nay.  One  brother,  John,  was  a  Major  in  the  British 
Army,  serving  in  America  during  the  Revolution,  and 
died  without  issue,  about  1807. 

Dr.  Ross  graduated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and 
emigrated  to  America  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  cen- 
tury. He  settled  at  Bristol,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  DeNormandie,  whose  neice, 
Elizabeth  Becket,  he  subsequently  married.  He  first 
practised  in  Burlington,  and  afterwards  settled  in  Mount 
Holly.  He  was  a  practitioner  in  the  latter  place,  as  early 
as  1752.  It  is  noted  by  Dr.  Hills,  in  his  "  History  of  St. 
Mary's  Church,  Burlington,"  that  March  loth,  1752,  was 
"  a  day  made  remarkable  by  the  severest  gust  of  thunder 
and  lightning,  with  snow  and  hail  for  four  hours  Rev. 
Colin  Campbell  rode  to  Mount  Holly  in  company  "  with 
Dr.  Ross.  1 

Dr.  Ross  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  skillful 
medical  men  of  South  Jersey,  at  the  time  in  which  he 
lived.  He  rode  over  a  large  extent  of  country,  on  an  old 
black  mare,  with  his  saddle  bags  stuffed  with  medicines, 
and  required  two  weeks,  generally,  to  make  each  of  his 
patients  a  visit.  Dr.  Daniel  Budd,  was  cotemporary 
with  him,  residing  at  New  Mills,  now  Pembcrton.  He 
succeeded   him    in  a   large  part  of  his  southern  district  of 


'  Dr.  Hills  says  that  Dr.  Johti  Ross  was  a  physician  at  that  time  in  Mt.  Holly; 
but  as  Dr.  John  Ross  was  born  in  1752,  eight  days  before  the  storm,  he  no  doubt 
refers  to  his  father,  Alexander. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  379 

Ross. 

practice.  Dr.  Ross  served  for  a  time  as  Surgeon  in  the 
war,  and  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Society 
of  the  Cincinnati.  He  does  not  appear  in  the  Register 
of  New  Jersey  Revolutionary  officers,  as  having  received 
a  commission  in  the  New  Jersey  line. 

He  died  May  loth,  1780.  His  widow  subsequently 
married  Zachariah  Rossell,  of  Mount  Holly,  and  died  there, 
June  8th,  1807,  aged  seventy-four.  The  Doctor  left  three 
children,  John,  who  became  a  physician  ;  Harriet,  married 
John  Cox;  and  Jane,  married  Major  Richard  Cox,  of  the 
Revolutionary  army  ;  from  both  of  whom  are  numerous  des- 
cendants. The  monumental  inscription  in  the  Episcopal 
churchyard,  Mount   Holly,  reads  : 

SACRED 
TO    THE    MEMORY    OV 

ALEXANDER  ROSS,   M.  D. 

who  departed  this   life 

May  ioth,  a.  D.  1780 

aged  67  years.' 


John  Ross, 
Son  of  Alexander,  supra,  was  born  at  Mount  Holly, 
March  2d,  1752.  He  prepared  himself  for  the  practice  of 
medicine,  probably  under  the  tuition  of  his  father. 
About  the  time  that  he  was  ready  to  enter  upon  the 
duties  of  his  profession,  the  war  of  the  Revolution  broke 
out,  and  he  at  once  entered  the  service  as  a  Captain,  in 
the  Third  New  Jersey  Regiment,  his  commission  bearing 
date  February  9th,  1776.  On  the  7th  of  April,  1779,  he 
was  commissioned  Major  of  the  Second  Regiment,  and 
was  subsequently   promoted   to    Brigade    Major,  and    In- 


'  MSS.  family  records,  by  Clifford  Stanley  Sims,  et  aliis. 


380  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Ross. 

spector  of  the  Jersey  Brigade.  He  was  wounded  in  the 
service,  but  cDntinued  in  the  same,  to  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  also  appointed  Lieut.  Col.  of  Militia, 
Second  Regiment,  December  i8th,  1782.  During  the 
administration  of  Washington,  in  1792.  he  received  the 
appointment  of  Inspector  of  the  Revenue,  for  Burlington 
County,  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  the  Cincinnati,  from  its  organization. 

He  married,  July  8th,  1778,  Mary,  only  child  of  the 
Rev.  John  Brainard,  a  brother  of  the  missionary,  David 
Brainard.  She  died  January  31st,  1792.  The  issue  of 
this  marriage  was,  Sophia  Marion,  married  Jno.  Hardner 
Clarke,  of  Philadelphia;  Elizabeth,  married  (i)  Dr.  John 
Brown,  (2)  Dr.  John  Winans  ;  and  Alexander,  who  suc- 
ceeded his  father  as  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati, and  died  unmarried,  in  1808,  at  Genoa,  Italy. 
Only  one  of  them  left  descendants,  viz. :  Sophia  Marion, 
who  by  her  marriage  with  Mr.  Clarke,  had  six  children, 
two  of  whom  survive,  Mrs.  Louisa  Vanuxem  Peacock, ^ 
late  of  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  Emeline  Marion, 
wife  of  John  Clarke  Sims,^  an  original  proprietor  of  the 
Philadelphia  Evening  Bulletin.  The  only  brother  of  Mrs. 
Vanuxem  and  Mrs.  Sims,  Brainard  Clark,  died  several 
years  since,  leaving  a  family.  These  three  families  com- 
prehend the  entire  descent  of  Dr.  John  Ross.  A  fuller 
notice  of  his  descendants  will   be  found    in  "  The   Life  of 


>  Mrs.  Peacock  died  May  2d,  1869.  leaving  no  issue  by  her  second  husband  ;  by 
her  first,  Thompson  Heale  Sims,  late  of  Mount  Holly,  she  left  one  son,  Alfred 
William  Sims,  Engineer,  &c. 

«  Of  the  issue  of  this  marriage,  Clifford  Stanley  Sims,  U.  S.  Consul,  at  Pres- 
cott,  Canada,  was  admitted,  July  4th,  1861,  to  membership  in  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati,  of  New  Jersey,  as  representative  of  his  great-grandfather,  Major  John 
Ross,  and  Jno.  Clark  Sims,  Jr.,  was  admitted  July  5th,  1875,  to  the  same,  as 
representative  of  his  great-great-grandfather,  Surgeon  Alexander  Ross. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  38 1 

Ross.  Sackett. 

John  Brainard,"  by  Rev.  Thomas  Brainard,  D.  D.,  Phil- 
adelphia, 1865. 

It  does  not  appear  that  Dr.  John  Ross,  though  edu- 
cated to  the  medical  profession,  made  for  himsef  a  medi- 
cal record.  Seven  years  of  military  service,  beginning 
before  he  had  seen  service  as  a  physician,  fitted  him  bet- 
ter for  civil  than  for  professional  life.  He  died  Septem- 
ber 7th,  1796,  at  the  age  of  forty-four. 

His  remains  repose  beside  those  of  his  father,  in  the 
Mount  Holly  burying  place,  with  the  inscription 

In  memory  of 

DOCTOR  JOHN  ROSS 

who  departed  this  life 

September    7TH,  1796 

AGED   43   YEARS   AND   6  MONTHS. 

MSS.,  Clifford  Stanley  Sims. 


Joseph  Sackett 
Was  a  son  of  Joseph  Sackett,  for  some  years  a  merchant 
in  New  York,  Avho  subsequently  removed  to  Orange 
County,  New  York.  Joseph,  Jr.,  was  born  February  i6th, 
1733,  O.  S.  He  probably  commenced  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  New  Jersey,  for  when  he  was  thirty-three 
years  of  age,  he  was  one  of  the  medical  men  of  the  Pro- 
vince, who  responded  to  the  original  call  for  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  Medical  Society,  and  was  one  of  the  fourteen 
signers  to  the  "  Instruments  of  Association."  He  was 
present  at  the  meeting  of  the  Society,  in  1772.  In  1773, 
.the  Society  entered  upon  its  minutes,  that  the  Doctor 
had  removed  from  the  sphere  of  the  Society,  and  that  "  it 
jvas  unnecessary  for  the  future  to  insert  his  name  in  the 
list  of  absentees."      He  became  a   resident   of  Newtown, 

20 


382  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Sackctt  Sawyer. 

Long  Island,  and  there  continued  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine. During  the  war,  being  a  Whig,  he  withdrew  to 
Paramus,  New  Jersey,  where  he  remained  till  the  return 
of  peace.  He  died  in  New  York,  July  27th,  1799.  His 
widow,  Hannah,  daughter  of  Richard  Alsop,  whom  he 
married,  April  9th,  1752,  died  in  New  York,  May  31st, 
1817,  in  her  eighty-second  year.  They  had  twelve  chil- 
dren, who  died  in  early  life,  unmarried. ^ 


Ephriam  Standish  Sawyer 
Was  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  born  in  1774.  He 
studied  at  Harvard,  but  did  not  take  his  degree  there. 
Married  Sabra  Church  in  1797.  Settled  first  at  or  near 
Absecom,  but  soon  after  came  to  Tuckerton,  where  he 
remained  till  his  death.  Dr.  Sawyer  was  probably  the 
first  physician  who  settled  permanently  at  that  place.  It 
is  claimed  by  his  family  that  he  was  a  descendant 
in  direct  line  of  Miles  Standish.  It  is  related  that  his 
brother,  Capt.  George  Anson  Sawyer,  was  wrecked  on 
on  Long  Beach,  opposite  Tuckerton.  Some  of  the 
wrecked  crew  were  sick,  and  there  being  no  physi- 
cian nearer  than  Pemberton,  they  sent  for  one  from  that 
place.  On  the  return  of  the  Captain  to  his  home,  he 
advised  his  brother,  then  looking  for  a  field  of  practice, 
to  come  to  New  Jersey. 

He  practised  about  thirty  years  at  Tuckerton,  and  left 
a  large  family  of  sons  and  daughters,  some  of  whom  now 
remain  as  residents  of  their  native  town.  The  following 
inscription  is  on  his  tombstone  in  the  village  burying 
place : 


'  Rikei's  Annals  of  Xewiown,  &c. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  383 

Sawyer.  Sayre. 

in  memory  of 
DOCT.  EPHRIAM  S.  SAWYER, 

WHO    DEPARTED    THIS    LTFE    OCT.   II,  1829 
IN    THE   SSTH    YEAR    OF   HIS   AGE. 

Hi.s  widow  outlived  him  many  years,  dying  in  1857,  in 
her  eightieth  year. 


Francis  Bowes  Sayre 
Was  probably  a  nativ^e  of  Philadelphia.  He  pursued  his 
medical  studies  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  in  1788.  In 
this  year  he  was  a  resident  of  New  Jersey,  as  he  was 
then,  May  6,  1788,  admitted  to  membership  in  the  New 
Jersey  Medical  Society.  He  was  advanced  to  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Medicine,  1790.  His  thesis,  published  at 
the  time,  and  preserved  in  the  libraries  of  collectors  of 
early  medical  writers,  was  on  "  Phthisis  Pulmonalis,  by 
Francis  Bowes  Sayre,  of  Trenton."  In  the  catalogue 
of  the  medical  school  where  he  received  his  first  degree, 
his  residence  is  given  as  "  Pennsylvania."  There  is  a 
tradition  that  he  practised  for  a  time  in  Crosswicks. 
He  died  in  1798,  intestate.  Letters  of  administration 
on  his  estate  were  granted  by  the  Probate  Court  of 
Philadelphia  to  Ann  Sayre  and  Robert  Heysham.  A 
bill  of  his  administrator'-^  accounts  has  two  or  more 
entries  of  the  indebtedness  of  the  estate  to  an  agent  for 
"collecting  debts  in  New  Jersey."  The  inventory  of  his 
effects  showed  a  handsome  sum,  and  that  he  lived  in  good 
st\4e  for  that  period;  that  he  was  a  married  man,  cultiva- 
I,  and  of  refined  tastes.  His  remains  were  laid  in  the 
burying  ground,  Philadelphia,  corner  Fifth  and  Arch 
streets.      Monumental  inscription  : 


384  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Say  RE. 

"IN  REMEMBRANCE  OF 

FRANCIS  BOWES  SAYRE,  M.   D. 

WHO  DEPARTED  THIS  LIFE 

ON  THE  2D  DAY  OF  SEPT.    I798 

ETAT.  32  YEARS." 

Adjoining  tombstones,  one  to  Francis  Bowes,  another 
to  Andrew  Reed,  allow  the  inference  that  he  was  closely 
allied  to  Col.  13owcs  Reed,  who  was  a  man  of  note  in 
New  Jersey,  whose  remains  lie  in  the  churchyard  at 
Burlington. 

Though  Dr.  Sayre  died  in  early  manhood,  the  few  me- 
morials which  we  have  gathered  concerning  him  assure 
us  that  he  was  a  man  of  culture  and  high  promise.  In 
the  records  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  he  is 
noticed  as  contributing  a  paper  on  "  An  extraordinary 
case  of  Syphilis,  together  with  the  powerful  effects  of  the 
herb  perfolium,  or  thoroughwort,  in  the  cure  of  the 
same."  ?Ie  was  also  appointed  one  of  a  committee  "  to 
revise  the  rules  of  the  institution,  and  report  a  code  of 
laws  and  regulations  for  its  future  government."  Dr. 
Rush,  in  his  account  of  the  yellow  fever  in  Philadelphia, 
1797  and  1798,  notices  him  as  one  of  the  reliable  practi- 
tioners of  that  time.  He  became  a  victim  of  the  fearful 
epidemic  in  1798.  The  True  American  and  Commercial 
Advertiser  of  Philadelphia,  for  Tuesday  morning,  August 
28,  1798,  has  the  following:  "The  number  of  new  cases 
reported  for  the  forty-eight  hours  ending  yesterday 
morning  at  one  o'clock,  were  ONE  HUNDRED  AND 
Eleven,  by  twenty-three  physicians,  Drs.  Sayre  and 
Church  included."  The  ambiguity  of  the  last  line  is  re- 
moved by  the  report  September  i  :i  "Dr.  Sayre  is  on  the 
recovery." 

•  Ibid. 


I 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  385 

Sayre. 
Ibid,  Monday,  September  3d  : 

"  On  Saturday  we  informed  the  public  that  Dr.  Sayre  was  on  the 
recovery.  Apparently  he  was  so  ;  but  that  favorable  appearance  was 
only  the  forerunner  of  dissolution,  as  is  frequently  the  case  in  this 
insidious  disease.  We  have  therefore  this  day  to  deplore  the  loss  of 
Dr.  Francis  Bowes  Sayre,  who  died  yesterday  morning.  His  services 
in  the  cause  of  humanity  (to  which  he  has  gloriously  fallen  a  martyr) 
will  ever  be  indelibly  impressed  on  the  number  of  his  indigent  fellow 
citizens,  who,  by  his  persevering  assiduity  in  his  profession,  have  been 
rescued  from  the  grave.  How  laborious  and  distressing  his  duty 
must  have  been,  may  be  easily  conceived,  when  it  is  known  that  pre- 
vious to  the  attack  he  had  above  one'  hundred  patients  under  his 
care.  The  loss  of  Dr.  Sayre,  whose  talents,  industry  and  medical 
knowledge  rendered  him  an  invaluable  member  of  society,  is  particu- 
larly distressing  at  this  time,  when  so  many  of  our  physicians  have 
quit  their  posts,  and  the  remainder  are  unable  to  attend  the  numerous 
applications  which  they  daily  receive." 

A  further  tribute  to  the  Doctor's  high  character  is 
found  in  a  memoir  of  Rev.  James  Mihior,  D.  D.,  late 
Rector  of  St.  George's  Church,  N.  Y.,  by  Rev.  John 
Stone,  D.  D.  The  compiler  speaking  of  the  yellow  fever 
gives  some  extracts  from  Milnor's  diary :  "  The  pesti- 
lence raged  horribly,"  His  diary  for  September  5,  (1798) 
gives  a  lively  idea  of  the  state  of  the  city,  and  at  the 
same  time  of  the  tenderness  of  his  nature  :  ''  The  ac- 
counts from  Philadelphia  are  to  the  last  degree  distress- 
ing. On  the  list  of  victims  to  the  ruthless  destroyer,  I 
find  the  names  of  several  of  my  friends."  Especially 
that  of  "  my  ever  to  be  lamented  friend,  Dr.  Francis 
Bowes  Sayre.  This  gentleman  fell  a  glorious  martyr  to 
his  philanthropy."^ 


'  MSS.  notes  of  Wm.  Jno.  I'otts,  et  aliis. 


386  •     HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

ScHENCK.  •  Scott. 

Henry  H.  Schenck 
Was  a  son  of  Henry  Schenck,  of  Millstone,  Somerset 
County.  Born  in  1760.  His  ancestors  were  from  Hol- 
land. He  pursued  his  collegiate  studies  at  Rutgers 
College  in  1772;  one  of  the  earliest  alumni  of  that,  then 
new.  institution  of  learning.  He  entered  the  medical 
profession.  Upon  the  opening  of  the  war  of  1776  he  was 
appointed  Surgeon  of  Militia,  and  continued  in  the  ser- 
vice to  the  close  of  the  war.  He  became  a  member  of 
the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  in  1789.  He  was  an 
earnest  and  active  political  partisan,  being  identified  with 
the  Old  Whig  and  Federal  parties.  He  held  for  a  time  a 
scat  on  the  bench  as  Judge  of  the  Court  in  Somerset 
County.  A  member  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  and 
an  Elder  for  a  number  of  years,  his  personal  character 
was  most  exemplary.  Uprightness  and  honor,  intelligence 
and  usefulness  distinguished  him  as  a  citizen.  He  died 
in  1828.1 


Moses  Scott, 
A  son  of  John  Scott,  of  Neshaminy,  Bucks  County,  Pa., 
was  born  in  1738.  At  17  years  of  age,  he  accompanied 
the  unfortunate  expedition  under  Braddock,  and  shared 
in  all  the  privations  of  the  time.  At  the  capture  of 
Fort  du  Ouesne,  three  years  afterwards,  he  had  risen  to 
be  a  commissioned  officer.  He  soon  thereafter  resigned 
his  commission  on  account  of  the  invidious  distinction 
made  between  loyal  and  colonial  officers,  and  by  the  ad- 
vice of  friends  betook  himself  to  the  study  of  medicine. 


»  For  further  notice  see  Blane's  History  of  Medical  Men  of  Hunterdon  County. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  387 

Scott. 

His  first  residence  was  at  Brandywine,  and  about  1774  he 
removed  to  New  Brunswick,  He  had  already  acquired 
distinction  as  a  physician,  and  upon  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war,  on  February  14,  1776,  he  was  appointed  Surgeon 
2d  Regiment,  Middlesex,^  and  subsequently  Surgeon  in 
General  Hospital,  Continental  Army.^ 

He  procured  a  supply  of  medicines  and  surgical  instru- 
ments from  Europe  partly  by  his  own  means  and  credit, 
but  unfortunately  much  of  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy  on  their  sudden  invasion  of  New  Brunswick,  at 
which  time  he  barely  saved  himself  from  capture.  He 
was  just  sitting  down  to  table,  when  the  enemy  entering, 
took  possession  of  his  house  and  regaled  themselves  with 
his  deserted  dinner.  A  Tory  neighbor  told  them  that 
the  boxes  of  medicine  which  they  found  had  been 
poisoned  by  the  rebel  Doctor,  who  had  left  them  pur- 
posely to  destroy  the  British  troops.  They  were  there- 
upon emptied  into  the  street. 

In  1777  Congress  took  the  entire  direction  of  the  medi- 
cal staff,  and  Dr.  Scott  was  commissioned  as  Senior 
Physician  and  Surgeon  of  the  Hospitals  and  Assistant 
Director  General.  In  the  discharge  of  his  important 
duties  he  won  universal  encomiums.  He  was  present  at 
the  battles  of  Trenton,  Princeton,  Brandywine  and  Ger- 
mantown.  At  Princeton  he  was  near  General  Mercer 
when  he  fell.^ 


*  Stryker. 

2  Stryker. 

'Note. — "Hugh  Mercer,  M.  D.,  a  General  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  was 
a  distinguished  piiysician,  who,  like  Warren,  fell  in  defence  of  the  liberties  of  his 
country.  He  was  a  native  of  Scotland  and  educated  at  Edinburgh.  He  early 
emigrated  to  Virginia,  and  settled  at  Fredericksburg,  where  he  practised  medi- 
cine for  several  years  with  great  reputation.  During  the  Revolution  he  zealously 
engaged  in  defence  of  the  liberties  of  his  adopted  country,  and  fell  in  the  battle 
of  Princeton,  1777." — Inaugural  of  Prof.  Sewall. 


388  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

'     Scott. 

On  the  restoration  of  peace  he  resumed  the  duties  of 
his  profession  at  New  Brunswick,  where  he  continued  to 
reside  till  his  death.  He  received  membership  in  the 
Medical  Society  in  1782,  and  ever  after  was  identified 
with  its  welfare.  He  was  its  President  in  1789.  His 
reputation  drew  to  his  office  young  men  from  all  parts  of 
the  State  for  instruction  in  medicine.  In  18 14  he  was 
made  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York. 

Having  made  a  profession  of  religion  at  an  early  age, 
he  was  during  his  entire  life  a  main  pillar  of  the  church, 
being  for  many  years  an  efficient  Elder  and  Treasurer  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees.  His  death  occurred  December 
28,  1 82 1,  at  the  age  of  83.  His  wife's  maiden  name  was 
Anna  Johnson.     She  died  August  7,  1833,  aged  88. 

Their  children  were  Hannah,  unmarried  ;  Mary  married 
Dr.  Charles  Smith  ;  Jane  married  Abr.  Blauvelt ;  Joseph 
Warren  Scott,  who  became  an  eminent  lawyer,  died  in 
New  Brunswick,  aged  94 ;  Anna  married  Dr.  Ephraim 
Smith,  a  practitioner  in  New  Brunswick  with  a  limited 
practice.  He  was  President  of  the  State  Board  and 
Mayor  of  New  Brunswick.  Margaret,  unmarried,  and 
Eliza  married  Rev.  Mr.  Rousse. 

His  tombstone,  now  much  defaced,  in  the  Presbyterian 
graveyard.  New  Brunswick,  contains  the  inscription  : 

IN    THE 

FULL   TRIUMPH   OF   CHRISTIAN    FAITH 

AND    THE    CERTAIN    ASSURANCE    OF    A    BLESSED 

IMMORTALITY 

MOSES  SCOTT,  ESQUIRE,  M.   D.. 

REPAIRED   TO   HIS   MANSION    NOT  MADE 
WITH    HANDS — ETERNAL   IN    THE 

HEAVENS, 
ON    THE   28TH    DAY   OF    DEC.    182I. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  389 


His  pilgrimage  here  was  lone- 
some, and        years 
The  ardent  and  devoted  friend 
of   the  Church  of   Christ. 
The  early  and  intrepid  supporter 
of  American  Independence 

The  Patriot  Soldier 
Physician  beloved  faithful 
and  industrious 
He  was  long  and  successfully 
Engaged  in  the  bestowal  of  be- 
nevolence, 
Just  generous  Hospitable  and 
pious 
He  was  the  faithful  servant 
of 
THE  MOST  HIGH.' 


Nathaniel  Scudder, 
Son  of  Col.  Jacob  Scudder,  of  Freehold,  was  born  May 
iO>  1733-  He  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1751.  After 
fitting  himself  for  the  practice  of  medicine,  he  settled 
first  at  Manalapan,  afterward  and  for  the  most  part  of 
his  life  in  Freehold.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Medical  Society  in  1766.  His  early  medical  years  were 
passed  in  the  quiet  pursuit  of  his  profession  ;  but  the 
Doctor  came  into  mature  life  in  the  exciting  times  which 
preceded  the  Revolution.  It  was  not  his  nature  to 
withdraw  himself  from  his  duties  to  the  community  and 
avoid  responsibility.  The  people  of  Monmouth  County 
were  among  the  first  and  most  decided  to  take  a  stand 
against  the  tyrannical  acts  of  Great  Britain.  Scudder 
was  one  of  the  earliest  and  most  able  of  the  champions 
of  the  patriot  cause.     Probably  the  first  meeting  held  in 


X.  J.  His.  Coll.  Davison's  Pres.  Chh.  in  N.  B.,  etaliis. 


390  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

SCUDDER. 

New  Jersey,  to  take  a  stand  against  the  obnoxious  acts 
of  the  British  Parliament,  was  the  one  held  in  Freehold, 
June  6,  1774,  of  which,  as  well  as  subsequent  ones.  Dr. 
Scudder  was  a  leading  spirit,  drafting  or  aiding  in  draft- 
ing addresses,  resolutions,  etc.  This  meeting  resolved, 
among  other  things,  that  the  cause  of  the  suffering  in- 
habitants of  Boston  was  the  common  cause  of  the  whole 
continent  of  North  America,  that  every  Province  should 
stand  by  the  people  of  Boston,  and  until  their  odious 
port  bill  and  other  oppressive  acts  be  repealed,  they 
recommended  entire  stoppage  of  trade  between  the  Pro- 
vinces and  Great  Britain  and  the  West  Indies.  A  com- 
mittee, of  which  Dr.  Scudder  was  one,  was  formed  to  co- 
operate with  other  towns  in  carrying  out  any  measures 
that  might  be  deemed  best  for  "  the  weal  and  safety  of 
North  America  and  her  loyal  sons."  July  19,  1774,  the 
committees  from  the  various  townships  met  at  Freehold 
and  passed  a  series  of  very  able  resolutions,  which  they 
closed  by  wishing  ''  some  faithful  record  of  their  notifica- 
tion be  handed  down  to  the  yet  unborn  descendants  of 
Americans  that  nothing  but  the  most  fatal  necessity 
could  have  wrested  the  present  inestimable  enjoyments 
from  their  ancestors.  Let  them  universally  inculcate 
upon  their  beloved  offspring  an  investigation  of  those 
truths  concerning  both  civil  and  religious  liberty,  which 
have  been  so  clearly  and  fully  stated  in  this  generation. 
May  they  be  carefully  taught  in  their  schools,  and  may 
they  never  rest  until,  through  the  Divine  blessing  upon 
their  efforts,  true  freedom  and  liberty  shall  reign 
triumphantl)-  over  the  whole  globe."  Dr.  Scudder  was 
one  of  the  committee  which  drafted  the  resolutions  (pub- 
lished in  full  in  the  Moinnouth  Democrat,  June   12,  1873.) 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  39I 

SCUDDER. 

December  10,  1774,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
important  "  Committee  of  Observation  and  Inspection." 
At  the  first  Provincial  Congress,  held  in  New  Jersey  (July 
21,  1774,  at  New  Brunswick)  Dr.  Scudder  was  a  delegate. 
He  was  also  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1777  to  1779,  and  one  of  the  signers  of 
the  Articles  of  Confederation,  in  defence  of  which  he 
wrote  an  able  letter  to  Hon.  John  Hart,  Speaker  of  the 
Assembly  of  New  Jersey,  a  copy  of  which  is  preserved. 
At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he  was  commissioned  Lieut. - 
Colonel  of  the  First  Regt.,  and  Colonel  of  the  same, 
November,  1776. 

Dr.  Scudder  married  Isabella  Anderson,  whose  family 
came  from  Scotland  about  the  close  of  the  seventeenth 
century  in  the  "  Old  Caledonia,"  "  reverentially  spoken  of 
from  her  having  borne  to  New  Jersey  many  Scotch  fami- 
lies immigrating  from  Scotland  during  the  troubles  which 
agitated  that  country  in  1715."! 

The  Andersons  made  large  purchases  of  lands  on 
Manalapan  Hights,  and  there  resided.  The  writer  of 
these  annals  has  been  favored  with  a  letter  from  Miss 
Maria  Scudder,  a  granddaughter  of  the  Doctor,  now 
living  at  the  age  of  eighty.  He  gives  the  record  of  her 
grandfather's  first  advances  to  Isabella  in  her  own  words: 
"  The  beautiful  heiress  rode  to  church  on  horseback. 
Young  Dr.  Scudder  had  his  eye  out.  She  alighted  from 
her  horse,  fastened  him  to  a  tree  by  a  staple  which  had 
been  driven  there,  then  walked  up  and  into  the  church. 
Then  was  Dr.  Scudder's  time  to  work.  He  approached 
her  horse,  disarranged  the  equipments  and  entangled  the 
bridle.     After  the  closing  of  the  church,  Isabella  walked 


1  Whitehead's  Coll. 


392  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

SCUDDER. 

down  to  the  place  where  stood  her  horse.  Young  Scud- 
der,  of  fine  appearance,  dignified  and  graceful,  being  on 
the  alert,  sprang  to  her  assistance,  adjusted  matters  all 
well,  then  assisted  the  damsel  to  mount,  and  directly 
ascended  his  own  steed.  As  they  had  to  travel  the  same 
road,  which  was  nearly  four  miles,  I  think  he  was  too 
gallant  to  let  her  go  alone,  but  rode  by  her  side  for  pro- 
tection home.  Their  houses  were  not  far  distant.  Thus 
began  the  courtship  which  terminated  in  marriage." 

From  this  union  there  were  three  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters. Two  of  his  sons  graduated  at  Princeton — Dr.  John 
Anderson  Scudder,  class  of  1775,  and  Joseph  in  1778. 
The  former  is  noticed,  infra.  The  latter  married  a 
daughter  of  Col.  Philip  Johnson,  ^  who  was  killed  at  the 
battle  of  Long  Island.  He  became  a  lawyer  of  consider- 
able distinction,  and  was  the  father  of  the  distinguished 
and  devoted  missionary  Scudder,  who  abandoned  his  fine 
prospects  as  a  physician  in  the  city  of  New  York  to 
preach  the  Gospel  to  the  heathen  in  India.  His  son,  the 
Rev.  Henry  Scudder,  D.  D.,is  now  resident  in  Brooklyn. 
From  Lucretia,  eldest  daughter  of  Dr.  Scudder,  descends 
in  his  maternal  line  Ex-Gov.  Joel  Parker,  of  New  Jersey. 


•Note.— Col.  Philip  Johnson  "was  Colonel  of  the  P'irst  New  Jersey 
Regt.,  and  fell  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  while  storming  a  strong  position  of 
the  enemy.  His  death  was  sincerely  lamented  as  a  great  private  and  public 
loss,  the  more  so  as  he  fell  a  sacrifice  to  obstinacy.  Sullivan,  who  was  in  com- 
mand, directed  Johnson  to  take  the  position.  Having  served  in  the  French  war, 
and  well  understanding  his  profession,  he  suggested  to  Gen.  Sullivan  the  imprac- 
ticability of  the  enterprise.  Sullivan,  in  anger,  replied  :  '  Sir,  it  is  your  place  to 
obey,  not  to  dictate  or  expostulate."  '  Sir,'  replied  Johnson,  '  1  will  convince  you 
that  I  can  and  will  obey,  but  it  will  be  at  the  sacrifice  of  my  own  life  and  that  of 
the  brave  band  I  have  the  honor  to  command."  The  prophecy  proved  true. 
Only  one  man  escaped  out  of  all  the  number.  That  man  was  Capt.  Grey,  who 
related  the  event  to  my  mother  with  tears." — Communicated  by  a  lady  thraugh 
Prof.   Cameron. 


HISTORY   OF   N,   J.    MEDICINE.  393 

SCUDDER. 

To  his  patriotism  as  a  citizen,  and  to  his  valuable  ser- 
vice as  a  civilian,  Dr.  Scuddcr  added  the  graces  of  a  life 
consecrated  to  the  service  of  Jesus  Christ.  He  was  a 
member,  and,  for  a  time,  ruling  Elder  in  the  old  Tennent 
Church.  It  is  said  of  him  that  in  a  religious  controversy 
with  Thomas  Paine,  the  author  of  "  Common  Sense  " 
beat  a  hasty  retreat,  demolished  in  the  encounter.  After 
the  Doctor  was  shot,  a  letter  was  found  lying  upon  his 
table,  addressed  to  his  son  Joseph,  then  a  student  of  law 
in  Philadelphia.  This  long  letter  is  still  preserved,  yellow 
with  age,  and  worn  by  use.  It  has  been  studied  as  well  as 
prized.  It  exhibits  not  only  the  anxieties  of  a  father  for 
the  welfare  of  his  son,  but  the  spirit  of  a  devout  and 
loving  Christian  father  who  "  with  every  sincere  wish  and 
prayer  for  (his)  happiness  both  here  and  hereafter," 
signed  himself  "  Your  most  affectionate  &  careful 
Father."  The  letter  was  dated  April  13,  1780,  eighteen 
months  before  his  death.  It  is  supposed  that  he  wrote 
it  as  a  legacy  to  his  son,  in  case  of  his  sudden  death, 
which  in  those  perilous  times  was  liable  to  occur. 

His  life  was  spared  through  all  the  perils  incident  to 
the  times,  only  to  fall  at  last  by  an  unintentional  shot, 
aimed  at  General  David  P^orman  with  whom  he  was  con- 
versing, by  a  party  of  refugees  at  Black  Point,  Monmouth 
County,  October  16,  178 1.  A  party  of  refugees  from 
Sandy  Hook  had  landed  at  night  at  Shrewsbury  and 
marched  undiscovered  to  Colt's  Neck,  taking  six  prison- 
ers. The  alarm  soon  reached  the  Court  House,  and  a 
number  of  citizens,  among  them  Dr.  Scudder,  started  in 
pursuit.  He  said  to  his  family:  "There  is  a  battle  ex- 
pected at  Long  Branch.  I  will  go  down  and  bind  up  the 
wounds  of  the  poor  fellows."     They  rode  to  Black  Point 


394  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE, 

SCUDDER. 

in  the  effort  to  recapture  the  prisoners,  and  while  firing 
from  the  bank  the  Doctor  was  killed.  General  Forman 
attributed  his  escape  to  an  involuntary  step  backward, 
which  became  the  "  most  fortunate  Step  in  his  life." 

The  Doctor  was  buried  with  all  the  honors  of  war. 
Gen.  Forman's  original  order  to  Capt.  Watson,  to  bury  him 
thus,  was  presented  to  the  Historical  Society  of  New 
Jersey,  in  May  1847,  ^Y  Mrs.  Jonathan  T.  Forman.  We 
copy  again  from  his  venerable  granddaughter's  letter. 
"  It  was  a  lamentable  day  when  my  grandfather  fell  on 
Long  Branch  beach.  Lamentation  and  mourning  that  a 
great  and  good  man  had  no  longer  life.  He  went  every- 
where by  the  name  of  the  beloved  physician.  Dr.  Wood- 
hull,  his  minister,  had  great  love  for  him.  He  preached 
his  funeral  sermon  to  a  wonderful  audience.  His  text, 
'All  Judah  and  Jerusalein  mourned  for  Josiah.'  He  said 
'  he  was  all  the  gentleman  and  all  the  Christian.'  The 
whole  country  was  in  tears." 

He  fell  three  days  before  the  surrender  at  Yorktown 
crowned  with  success  the  American  Arms. 

On  a  large,  flat  stone,  in  Tennent  Churchyard,  is  the 
inscription  : 

In  memory  of 

The  Honorable 

NATHANIEL  SCUDDER 

who  fell  in  the  defenck  of  his  country 

Oct.  the  i6th  1781  aged  48  years 

AND 

OF  HIS  WIFE  Isabella 

WHO    DEPARTKD  this    LIFE    DEC.    THE    24TH 

1782 

AGED   45    YEARS. 

MSS.  family  sources. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  395 

u 

ScuDDER.  Shaw. 

John  Anderson  Scudder, 
The  eldest  son  of  Dr.  Nathaniel,  supra,  was  born  March 
22d,  1759.  Graduated  at  Princeton,  1775.  Entered  the 
army  as  Surgeon's  Mate,  First  Regiment,  Monmouth, 
May  1st,  1777.  He  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Assembly,  and  was  a  representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Jersey,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  Gen.  James 
Cox,  who  died  in  18 10.  He  joined  the  Medical  Society 
in  1785,  After  18 10,  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  sub- 
sequently to  Indiana,  where  he  settled,  and  practised  his 
profession,  till  within  a  short  period  before  his  death. 


Benjamin  R.  Scudder 
Was  a  son  of  Richard  Scudder,  who  lived  in  the  Passaic 
Valley,  near  New  Providence.  The  Doctor  married 
Salley  Wade,  of  Connecticut  Farms.  Flis  residence  was 
at  Paterson  Landing,  (Acquackanonk)  where  he  died. 
His  children  were  Susan,  who  married  (i)  Hugh  Littell, 
(2)  Rev.  Peter  D.  P'releigh,  the  father  of  Peter  D.  (lawyer) 

Rhoda,  married  ■ McRea.     Sally,  married  Jacob   Van 

Riper.  1 


Thomas  Shaw 
Was  a  practising  physician  in  Burlington.  In  1745  he 
was  a  vestryman  in  St.  Mary's. ^  He  died  in  1750.  Will 
probated  October  5th,  of  that  year.  It  named  his  wife 
Anna,  and  sons  Thomas  and  Samuel,  also  his  sister 
Sarah;  brothers  Samuel  and  John,  and  brother-in-law 
Gervasse  Burgess. 

'  I.ittell's  Genealogies. 

2  Hill's  History  of  St.  Mary's. 


396  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Shippen. 

Edward  Shippen 

Was  the  fourth  child  and  oldest  son  of  Chief  Justice 
Shippen,  and  great-grand-son  of  the  first  Edward,  who 
emigrated  from  England  to  Boston,  in  1668.  On  account 
of  his  Quaker  principles,  he  left  Boston  and  finally  settled 
in  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  made  first  Mayor,  under 
Penn's  Charter,  in  1701.  Dr.  Shippen  was  born  in 
December  iith,  175H.  He  studied  medicine  with  the 
distinguished  Dr.  Bond,  and  afterwards  visited  England 
and  France,  studying  both  in  London  and  Paris.  He 
came  home  for  a  time,  and  again  went  to  England,  partly 
on  a  commercial  speculation,  but  still  continuing  his  pro- 
fessional studies.  On  his  return,  he  married,  November 
23d,  1785,  Elizabeth  Juliana  Footman,  of  Philadelphia. 
Soon  after  his  marriage,  he  had  an  opportunity  to  enter 
into  a  partnership,  with  his  former  preceptor.  Dr.  Bond, 
but,  owing  to  some  family  misunderstanding,  he  did  not 
avail  himself  of  this  offer,  and  thereby  lost  the  grand  op- 
portunity of  his  professional  life.  Three  years  after  his 
marriage,  he  removed  to  a  farm,  in  Upper  Merion,  Mont- 
gomery County,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  practised  medi- 
cine, in  addition  to  working  his  farm.  About  1795,  he 
removed  to  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  becoming  there  a 
partner  in  practice,  and  ultiniateh-  the  successor  of  Dr. 
William  Mcllvaine,  who  had  married  his  elder  sister, 
Mary.  Dr.  Shippen  lived  in  the  house  afterwards  known 
as  Askews,  up  the  lane  from  St.  Mary's  Hall.  He  died 
there  very  suddenh',  October  22d,  1809.  He  is  remem- 
bered by  the  now  aged  members  of  his  family,  as  a  large 
man,  with  a  hearty  manner,  interested  in  horses  and  agri- 
culture, whenever  his  professional  avocations  gave  him 
leisure.     He  was  also  fond  of  reading  aloud  to  his  family. 


I 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  397 

Shippen.  Shute.  Smith. 

generally  selecting  standard  and  classical  works.  A  pic- 
ture of  the  Doctor,  taken  in  London,  during  his  student 
life,  represents  a  very  handsome,  stalwart  young  man,  in 
powdered  hair,  lilac  colored  coat,  and  gold  laced  waist- 
coat. No  picture  of  him  in  mature  age  exists,  but  he 
grew  to  be  very  large  and  corpulent,  before  his  death. 


Samuel  M.  Shute 

Resided  in  Bridgeton,  Cumberland  County.  An  inter- 
esting memoir  of  him  is  found  in  Dr.  Bateman's  "  History 
of  the  Medical  Men  of  Cumberland  County."  He  was 
admitted  to  membership  in  the  New  Jersey  Medical  So- 
ciety, in  1788. 


Charles  Smith 
Was  born  near  Princeton,  in  1768.  When  young  he  was 
poor,  but  possessing  a  desire  for  knowledge,  he  acquired 
sufficient  to  teach  a  school,  and  thereby,  through  strict 
economy,  he  acquired  sufficient  means  to  secure  for  him- 
self the  advantages  of  a  collegiate  course  of  study.  He 
entered  Princeton  College,  and  received  its  honors,  in 
1786.  He  then  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  the 
office  of  Dr.  Moses  Scott,  of  New  Brunswick,  attended 
lectures  in  New  York,  and  received  the  degree  of  M.  D. 
from  Queen's  (Rutgers)  College,  in  the  first  class,  which 
obtained  its  honors  from  that  institution,  in  1792.  He 
formed  a  partnership  with  his  preceptor,  and  married  his 
daughter,  Mary  Dickinson  Scott.  He  was  Surgeon  in 
the  State  troops,  in  the  Whiskey  insurrection,  of  1794. 
Was  elected  a  Trustee  of  Rutgers  College,  in  1804. 

Dr.  Smith  was  a  skillful  and  successful  practitioner,  and 

27 


398  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Smith. 

was  considered  the  most  scientific  and  accomplished  phy- 
sician of  his  day,  in  the  county  of  his  residence.  In 
1 8 14,  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  in  New  York.  He  not  only  rose  to  emi- 
inence  in  his  profession,  but  acquired  an  ample  fortime. 
In  his  person  he  was  large,  and  of  fine  presence,  genial  in 
his  manners,  and  without  egotism.  The  struggle  of  his 
earlier  years,  gave  him  habits  of  economy,  which  as  he 
advanced  in  life,  grew  into  those  of  avarice.  In  his  old 
age  he  became  morbidly  penurious  ;  so  much  so,  that  he 
scarcely  allowed  himself  the  necessaries  of  life,  constantly 
fearing  that  he  was  about  to  come  to  want. 

He  died  without  issue,  leaving  an  estate,  valued  at  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  The  most  of  his  pro- 
perty was  left  to  Ex-Governor  Olden,  who  was  a  son  of 
his  sister.  The  following  inscriptions  are  in  full,  from  the 
slab  covering  the  family  vault,  in  the  Presbyterian  church- 
yard, in  New  Brunswick : 

CHARLES  SMITH    ESQUIRE,  M.    D. 

DIED   MAY  7TH   A.    D.    1848   AGED    80  YEARS. 


MARY  DICKINSON  SCOTT  his  wife 
Died  march  qth  1848  aged  78  years.' 


Isaac  Smith, 
Born  1740,  graduated  at  Princeton,  1755.  Tutor,  1757. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society,  in  1767. 
Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  he  was  commissioned 
Col.,  First  Regiment,  Hunterdon;  resigned  to  accept  ap- 
pointment as  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  of  New 
Jersey,^   February   15th,    1777,  which  ofifice  he  held   for 

»  Alexander's  Princeton  of  i8th  Century,  etaliis. 
'  Slryker's  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  399 

Smith. 

eighteen  years.  He  was  then  elected  to  Congress,  where 
he  was  distinguished  for  political  wisdom  and  decided  in- 
tegrity. These  public  duties  caused  him  to  withdraw 
somewhat,  from  practice,  but  during  the  whole  period,  he 
manifested  his  continued  interest  in  the  profession,  by  at- 
tendance at  the  meetings  of  the  Medical  Society.  His 
name  is  entered  in  some  of  the  earlier  records,  as  "  Doctor 
Isaac  Smith  Esquire."  As  a  physician,  he  was  assiduous, 
attentive,  and  tender  in  care  of  the  sick,  and  of  gentle- 
manly bearing.  He  entered  public  life  at  the  age  of 
thirty-seven. 

When  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  (April  19th, 
1775)  was  sent  by  express  to  Philadelphia,  Samuel  Tucker 
and  Isaac  Smith,  were  the  committee  to  receive  it  in 
Trenton,  April  24th,  9  A.  M.,  and  they  forwarded  it  to 
Philadelphia.  He  was  President  of  the  Trenton  Banking 
Company,  also  Presidential  Elector,  in  1801.     His  epitaph 

reads : 

In  memory 

OF 

ISAAC  SMITH  ESQ. 

Who  departed  this  life  August  29  1807 

In  the  68th  year  of  his  age. 

With  Integrity  and  Honest  Intentions 

As  a  Physician  and  Judge 

He  distributed  Heahh  and  Justice 

To  his  Fellow  Men 

And  died 

In  Hopes  of  Mercy 

Through  A  REDEEMER 

Of  his  wife,  who  died  in  1801,  the  comprehensive  char- 
acter is  graven  on  an  adjoining  stone  : 

"  She  was  what  a  woman  OUGHT  to  be."' 

A  likeness  of  Dr.  Smith,  with  a  short  sketch  of  his  life 
and  character,  may  be  found  in  the  "  Portfolio,"  Vol.  I., 
February,  1 809. 


'  Hall's  His.  Trenton  Chh,  iS:c. 


400  HISTORY   OF   N,   J.    MEDICINE. 

Smith.  Steele. 

Jonathan  Smith 
Was  the  fourth  son  of  Richard  .Smith,  and  Ann  Marshall, 
who,  with  four  brothers  and  one  sister,  came  to  America, 
from  Bramham,  Yorkshire,  England,  and  settled  in 
Burlington,  New  Jersey.  They  were  all  "  Friends."  Dr. 
Smith  lived  in  Burlington,  and  there  practised  his  profes- 
sion. In  the  Penn  a  Packet  and  Gcnl.  Advertiser,  is  the 
following  item  of  news:  "Monday,  March  30th,  1772. 
Last  Wednesday  departed  this  life,  after  a  tedious  illness 
at  Burlington,  Dr  .Jonathan  Smith,  a  gentleman  descended 
from  one  of  the  most  respectable  families  in  this  Province, 
and  much  esteemed  for  his  singular  benevolence  and 
humanity. "1 


Peter  Smith 
Was  a  practitioner  in  Morristown,  in  1778.  The  only 
record  we  have  of  him  is  from  the  minutes  of  the  Council 
of  Safety,  April  8th,  1778,  which  directed  "to  deliver  an 
account  of  the  particulars  of  his  bill  for  administering 
medicine  to  Josiah  Burnet  who  was  wounded  on  the  1 5th  of 
Sept.  last,  Ensign  of  the  8th  Company,  ist  Reg.,  Morris." 


Thomas  Steele 
Was  a  Surgeon  in  the  British  Service,  in  the  war  of  1776. 
He  resigned  his  commission  at  the  close  of  the  war,  and 
settled  in  Belleville,  Essex  County,  for  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  died  there  about  1790.  His  remains 
were  laid  in  Christ  Churchyard,  over  which  a  tombstone 
was  erected.  It  was  a  few  years  since  fraudulently  re- 
moved. In  the  Churchyard  at  Belleville  is  the  following 
inscription  : 

»  MSS.  His.  Notes  of  \Vm.  J  no.  Potts,  &c. 


HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE.  4OI 

Steele.  S^illwell. 

In  memory 

OF 

MRS.  SARAH  STEELE 

Wife  of  DR.  STEELE 

Who  departed  this  life 

Aug.  20  183s 

Aged  33  years. 

Dr.  Steele  was  a  man  of  considerable  attainment,  and 
obtained  the  practice  of  his  neighborhood.  In  his  per- 
sonal characteristics,  he  was  boastful,  rough  and  unattrac- 
tive in  his  intercourse  with  others.  He  thus  failed  to 
secure  the  affection  of  the  people.  He  was  an  enthusiast 
in  his  faith  in  the  curative  powers  of  the  Scutellaria  in 
Rabies,  which  was  brought  into  notice  in  his  day,  by  Dr. 
Vanderveer,  of  Somerset  County.  He  claimed  to  have 
made  many  cures,  and  made  a  considerable  reputation  in 
this  way.     He  left  a  son, 

Thomas  Edward  Steele, 
Who  v/as  two  years  of  age  at  his  father's  death.  He 
became  a  physician,  and  practised  in  Belleville.  He  ac- 
quired reputation,  and  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  in  1811.  He 
died  in  1818,  in  the  thirtieth  year  of  his  age. 


Stillwell. 
The  family  of  Stillwell  descends  from  Lieut.  Nicholas 
Stillwell,  who  fled  from  religious  persecution  in  England 
early  in  the  seventeenth  century  to  Holland,  and  from 
thence  came  to  America  in  1638  ;  first  to  the  New  Haven 
Colony,  but  soon  thereafter,  preferring  the  Dutch  rule, 
he    migrated    to    Manhattan    Island.      He    settled   there 


402  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Stillwcll. 

on  its  eastern  shore  at  the  indenture  known  as  Tur- 
tle Bay,  in  the  vicinity  of  Thirty-fourth  street.  Here 
he  established  himself  as  a  planter,  and  built  the  Stone 
House  which  was  standing  till  a  few  years  since,  and  was 
historic  from  the  feats  of  the  "  Liberty  boys  of  the  Revo- 
lution." A  settlement  was  soon  formed  around  him 
which  he  named  "  Hopton."  Having  been  bred  to  mili- 
tary pursuits,  he  commanded  in  most  of  the  Indian  wars 
with  the  Dutch,  as  also  in  that  which  followed  the  great 
massacre  in  Virginia,  1644,  in  which  was  captured  the  In- 
dian monarch,  Opechancanough,  described  by  a  contem- 
porary writer  as  "  that  bloody  monster  upon  a  hundred 
years  old."i  We  find  him  in  1650  a  public  man  in  the 
town  of  Gravesend,  Long  Island. ^  He  removed  with 
others  of  the  people  of  Long  Island  to  Staten  Island 
about  1664,  where  he  resided  till  his  death,  December  22, 
167 1.  He  had  numerous  descendants,  among  whom  are 
the  Doctors  Stillwell  of  New  Jersey,  viz.:  RicJiard{\),  Rich- 
ard {2),  GersJioni  and  William,  practitioners  prior  to  1800. 


Richard  Stillwell  (i) 
Was  a  son  of  Richard,  who  was  a  grandson  of  the  primi- 
tive Nicholas  through  Capt.  Richard,  his  eldest  son.  Dr. 
Richard  was  one  of  eight  children  who  survived  their 
father.  Six  of  them,  daughters,  formed  marriage  alli- 
ances with  men  of  distinction.  He  was  born  in  17 10, 
and  spent  his  earlier  years  in  New  York,  where  he 
received  his  education. 

He  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Shrewsbury 
and  practised  also  in  Middletown.  He  married  (i)  about 
1736,    Mary,   daughter  of  Obadiah   Brown,   (2)  in    1752, 

>  Hildreth. 
'Tliompson's  His.  L.  I. 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 
Stillwell. 


403 


Lydia  Leonard.  The  issue  of  these  unions  were,  first, 
Mary,  Richard,  John  ;  second,  GcrsJiom,  MilHcent,  Augus- 
ta, Mercy.  It  is  traditionary  that  the  Doctor  was  a  suc- 
cessful practitioner  and  a  man  of  reputation.  He  prac- 
tised a  short  time  in  New  York,  to  which  he  was 
admitted  a  freeman  in  1748,  but  soon  after  this  date  he 
resumed  practice  in  Middletovvn,  N.  J.  In  1749  he  was 
in  attendance  with  Dr.  Stephen  Talhnan  upon  a  citizen 
of  Middletown.i  He  died  in  Middletown  and  his  re- 
mains are  buried  in  Shrewsbury. 


Richard  Stillwell  (2) 
Was  a  son  of  Richard,  son  of  Daniel,  son  of  Nicholas 
(i),  who  removed  to  Woodbridge,  N.  J.  Dr.  Richard 
settled  in  Monmouth  County,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
'practised  in  the  neighborhood  of  Freehold.  He  died  in 
1756,  leaving  two  children,  Thomas,  born  May  15,  1728, 
and  Elias,  born  June  10,  1730. 


William  Stillwell 
Was  born  January  6th,  1768,  in  Middletown.     His  father 
was   Joseph,  son  of  John,  son  of  Thomas,  son  of  Capt. 
Richard,  born  in    Holland,    1634,  and   came  to   America 


L 


'Note. — This  sick  patient,  Daniel  Seabrook,  died  intestate,  and  among  the 
administrators  accounts  are  bills  rendered  by  them,  and  items  which  illustrate  the 
cost  of  medical  attendance  and  the  customs  of  a  Imndred  and  tliirty  years  ago. 

There  was  paid  "  to  Wm.  Weakfield  for  nursing  and  attendance  in  sickness  41 

jE     s.     <1.  , 

days,  at  3s.   per  day,  6.  3.  o.     To  Dr.  Tallman  for  medical  ser.ices  during  the 
same  time,  in  part,  £2^.  i.  o.,  and  to  Dr.  Richard  Stillwell  in  full,  £\\.  7.  2." 

During  the  illness  of  this  patient,  and  after  his  death,  the  accounts  show  a  very 
large  consumption  of  ardent  spirits.  Three  gallons  of  rum  were  used  prior  to 
his  decease;  and  upon  th  •  day  of  his  death  seven  more  were  ordered,  and  in  the 
three  weeks  succeeding  the  amount  increased  to  ten  gallons  additional.  At  the 
grave,  provision  was  made  for  several  gallons  independent  of  the  above  supply. 


404  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Stillweli.. 

with  Nicholas  (i).  His  preliminary  education  was  ob- 
tained in  his  native  town,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  with  Dr.  Thomas  Bar- 
ber. He  was  licensed  to  practise  in  1/88,  and  was  in  the 
same  year,  admitted  to  membership  in  the  New  Jersey 
Medical  Society.  He  subsequently  went  to  New  York, 
and  pursued  his  medical  studies,  under  the  instruction  of 
Drs.  Bard  and  McKnight.  He  commenced  practice  in 
his  native  town.  He  removed  to  New  York  in  1806, 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life,  as  a  successful 
and  popular  physician.  He  was  an  original  thinker,  and 
contributed  articles  to  the  medical  literature  of  his  day, 
among  which  were,  one  on  the  Treatment  of  Tetanus,  and 
another  on  the  Antidotal  properties  of  Scutellaria  Lateri- 
flora in-  Rabies.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a  fine  scholar, 
and  elegant  speaker,  and  gifted  wdth  keenness  of  analysis 
and  power  of  illustration  ;  as  a  writer,  he  was  easy  and 
graceful.  It  is  claimed  for  him  that  he  was  the  author  of 
the  well  known  Latin  couplet  with  an  English  translation  : 

"  Just  at  the  verge  of  danger,  not  before 
God  the  Ahnighty  Doctor  we  adore, 
When  the  danger's  o'er  and  all  things  righted, 
God  is  forgotten  and  the  Doctor  slighted." 

In  person.  Dr.  Stillweli  was  of  pleasing  appearance, — 
medium  hight  ;  and  from  middle  age,  florid  and  corpu- 
lent. He  carried  a  cheerful  presence  and  a  kind  word. 
His  countenance  was  never  clouded,  except  in  sympa- 
thy. He  was  for  many  yejirs  subject  to  heart  disease, 
to  which,  on  July  13th,  1832,  he  finally  succumbed.  He 
had  been  for  many  years  before  his  death,  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  Church. 

In  1793,  he  married  Hannah,  daughter  of  Thomas  Sea- 
brook.      By  this  union  he  had  issue,  Dr.  Wm.  E.,  Dr.  jfno. 


HISTORY   OF  N.   J.    MEDICINE.  405 

Stillwell.  Stites. 

E.,  Julia  (Brown),  Delia  (Hill),  who  alone  of  all   his  chil- 
dren, survives. 

His  grandson.  Dr.  Jno.  E.  Stilhvell,  is  a  practitioner  in 
New  York,  to  whom  the  author  of  this  volume  is  indebted 
.for  the  most  of  his  Stillwell  record. 


William  Stillwell, 
Born  between   1715   and    1720,  a  descendant  by  uncertain 
line  of  Nicholas    (i),  was  a  practitioner   of   medicine  in 
Middletown,  about  1750. 


Gershom  Stillwell, 
Son  of  Dr.  Richard  (i),  practised  in  the  vicinity  of  Key- 
port,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century,  and  early  in 
this.  He  owned  a  considerable  estate,  to  which  he  gave 
much  attention.  He  married  (2)  the  widow  of  Dr.  Clark, 
of  Freehold.  He  left  several  children,  among  whom  was 
a  daughter,  who  married  a  Mr.  Nye,  and  another  a  Mr. 
Wall,  the  parents  of  Rev.  Bloomfield  Wall,  of  New  Jersey. 
Dr.  Stillwell's  remains  are  interred  in  a  private  plot, 
originally  on  his  property  at  Keyport. 


Hezekiaii  Stites 
Descended  from  John,  one  of  the  original  emigrants  to 
New  England,  who  afterwards  migrated  to  Hempstead, 
Long  Island,  and  became  one  of  the  first  grantees  of 
that  township. 1  He  lived  to  the  extraordinary  age  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty-two  or  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
three  years,  and  when  upwards  of  one  hundred,  was  able 

>  Thompsons  L.  I. 


406  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Stites.  Stokes. 

to  walk  forty  miles  a  day.  His  grandson,  William, ^ 
migrated  from  Long  Island  at  the  age  of  fifty-one,  to 
Elizabethtown,  and  settled  in  that  part  known  at  this 
time  as  Springfield,  being  one  of  its  first  settlers.  His 
son  John,  also  a  resident  of  Elizabethtown,  was  the 
father  of  Dr.  Hezekiah,  who  was  born  in  1726.  The  Dr. 
practised  as  a  physician  in  Cranberry.  When  the  medical 
society  was  formed  he  was  forty  years  of  age,  and  had 
been  many  years  in  practice.  He  connected  himself  with 
it  the  year  after  its  foundation,  and  was  always  an  influ- 
ential member.  He  was  elected  President  in  1775.  He 
married  the  daughter  of  James  Patten.  In  1785,  upon 
the  erection  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Cranberry,  he 
gave  the  congregation  a  bell.  He  died  and  was  buried 
in    its    graveyard.     The    following    inscription   is  on    his 

tombstone  : 

" Sacred 

TO  THE 

MEMORY 

OF 

DOCTOR  HEZEKIAH  STITES 

AND 

Mary  his  wife. 

Doctor  Stites  departed  this  life 

November  the  17th,  1790,  in  the 

65ih  year  of  his  age. 

Mrs.  Stites  on  the  14th  of  April,  1794, 

in  the  57th  year  of  her  age."* 


J.xo.  H.  Stokes 
Was  descended  from  Thomas,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Burlington   County.     He    had   four   sons,  one   of  whom, 
Joseph,    was    the  progenitor  of    the    Doctors   Stokes   of 
Moorestown.3     Dr.  John  H.  was  born  near  Moorestown, 

>  For  the  genealogy  of  Stites  in  X.  J.,  see  Littell's  family  genealogy  of  the  Pas- 
saic Valley . 

5  Tiioinpsoii  s  His.  of  L.  1.,  &c. 

'■'  Early  proceedings  of  the  Surveyors'  Association  of  West  Jersey,  1873. 


I 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  407 

Stokes. 

in  1764.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  of  respectability, 
had  a  large  family,  and  as  his  son  John  was  frail  and 
slender,  he  was  singled  out  for  the  doctor.  He  was 
happily  adapted,  both  by  temperament  and  inclination  to 
the  demands  of  his  chosen  profession.  After  receiving  a 
good  preliminary  education,  he  commenced  his  studies  in 
medicine  with  Dr.  Park,  of  Philadelphia,  and  attended 
the  lectures  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  It  does 
not  appear  that  he  graduated  there,  as  his  name  is  not 
noticed  in  its  catalogue  of  graduates.  He  was  licensed 
to  practise  in  1786,  in  his  twenty-second  year,  when  he 
commenced  his  medical  career.  For  the  following  thirty 
years  he  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  his  profession. 
His  field  of  practice  was  extensive,  and  his  efforts  were 
earnest  in  promoting  the  honor  and  standing  of  his  call- 
ing. He  early  adopted  Jenner's  discovery  of  Vaccination, 
and  to  prove  to  the  incredulous  his  faith  in  its  prophy- 
lactic power,  after  obtaining  a  vaccine  pustule  on  the 
person  of  his  own  infant  daughter,  he  exposed  her  to  the 
small  pox  by  placing  her  in  bed  with  a  patient  infected 
with  the  disease.  His  neighbors  in  practice  were  Drs. 
Cole,  of  ]5urlington,  Hendr}',  of  Woodbury,  and  later. 
Page,  of  Crossroads,  and  Bowman  Hendry,  of  Haddon- 
field.  At  that  time  there  was  no  physician  in  Camden. 
It  was  in  the  discharge  of  a  professional  call  to  the  latter 
place,  ten  miles  distant,  that  he  contracted  the  disease 
which  finally  terminated  his  life.  The  labor  and  hard- 
ship endured  by  our  early  practitioners  of  a  century 
since,  are  little  appreciated  by  physicians  now,  who,  in 
comfortable  carriages  and  over  improved  roads,  perform 
their  accustomed  routine  of  professional  service.  The 
health    of    our    old    physicians    often    failed    them   when 


408  HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Stokes.  Stockton. 

just  entering  upon  an  enlarged  sphere  of  usefulness. 
Thus  it  was  with  Dr.  Stokes.  When  forty-two  years  of 
age  he  had  an  attack  of  bronchitis,  induced  by  exposure, 
from  which  he  never  fully  recovered,  though  he  lived  ten 
years  after,  and  labored  faithfully  in  his  profession  longer 
than  his  declining  health  would  warrant.  He  died  at  the 
age  of  fifty-two,  October,  1817,  full  of  honor  and  in  the 
confidence  and  love  of  the  people.  ^ 


Benjamin  B.  Stockton, 
Son  of  Thomas,  was  born  in  Princeton,  and  there  pursued 
his  preliminary  studies.  He  married  Sarah  H.,  daughter 
of  Isaac  Arnett,  who  was  a  son  of  James,  an  "  associate  "^ 
of  Elizabethtown  in  1699.  By  Dr.  Stockton's  marriage 
union  he  had  four  sons  and  eight  daughters.  He  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  in  Princeton,  then 
removed  to  Cohocton,  Steuben  County,  New  York, 
thence  to  Vernon,  Oneida  County,  thence  to  Buffalo,  and 
was  there  a  surgeon  in  the  hospital  when  that  place  was 
burned  in  181 3.  He  then  removed  to  Caledonia,  Gen- 
nessee  County,  New  York,  where  he  resided  till  his  death. 
He  there  united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and 
was  elected  a  deacon.  His  wife  died  a  short  time 
before  him.  His  death  occurred  June  9,  1829.  While  in 
New  Jersey  he  became  a  member  of  the  Medical 
Society,  in  1781. 

He  was  a  surgeon  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  In 
December,  1776,  he  entered  the  hospital  department,  and 
in  June,  1777,  received  an  appointment  from  Dr.  Wm. 
Shippen,  of  Philadelphia,  as  Junior  Surgeon  in  the  hos- 

>  MSS.  J.  Newton  Stokes.  M.  D. 
a  Hatfield's  His. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  409 

Stockton. 

pital  department,  which  office  he  held  till  February,  1778. 
Early  in  June  of  that  year  he  was  appointed  Surgeon  in 
Col.  Seeley's  Regiment,  remaining  one  }'ear.  He  was  at 
the  battle  of  Monmouth. ^ 


Ebenezer  Stockton 
Was  a  native  of  Princeton,  the  second  son  of  Robert 
Stockton,  Esq.,  and  of  his  wife,  Helen  Macomb.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1780. 
During  the  years  ijy^-y  the  college  exercises  were  inter- 
rupted by  the  war,  and  in  September  20  of  the  latter 
year  he  was  commissioned  as  Surgeon's  Mate  in  General 
Hospital,  Continental  Army.  Subsequently  upon  recom- 
mendation of  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  he  was  appointed  Sur- 
geon to  a  New  Hampshire  regiment. 

After  the  war  he  settled  in  his  native  town,  and  until 
near  the  close  of  his  life,  which  occurred  in  December, 
1838,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  medicine 
with  much  success.  He  was  held  in  great  esteem,  both 
as  a  man  and  a  physician.  During  his  professional  career 
he  had  four  associates,  who  were  successively  his  partners, 
viz.:  Drs.  Jno.  Maclean,  John  Van  Cleve,  E.  R.  Wilson 
and  James  Ferguson. 

In  the  Autumn  of  181 3,  he  married  (2)  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Duncan,  widow  of  Daniel  Duncan,  Esq.,  of  Plain.s- 
borough,  N.  J.  They  had  four  children,  one  of  whom 
died  in  infancy,  the  others  arc  still  living..  Dr.  Stockton 
was  as  generous  to  the  poor  who  needed  his  services,  as 
he  was  distinguished  for  the  successful  treatment  of  his 
patients.  2 

1  MSS.  Notes  of  Dr.  Toner,  et  aliis. 
«MSS.  Rev.  Dr.  Maclean. 


4IO  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Stratton. 

James  Stratton. 

The  Stratton  family  emigrated  from  Stratton  Hill  in 
England  to  New  England  in  the  seventeenth  century.  In 
the  title  to  East  Hampton,  Long  Island,  acquired  by 
Eaton  and  Hopkins,  in  1648,  of  the  Sachems  of  the  four 
Eastern  Indian  tribes  of  the  Island,  and  transferred  by 
them  to  tlie  settlers  of  the  town,  we  find  the  name  of 
Richard  Stretton.  In  1660,  and  after  the  death  of  Sachem 
Wyandanch,  his  widow,  called  the  Sgiia  Sachem,  and  her 
son,  united  in  a  deed  of  confirmation  to  the  original 
purchasers  of  Montauk.  Among  the  names  in  the 
original  conveyance  are  those  of  Richard  and  John  Stret- 
ton.^ One  of  them  was  the  father  of  Benjamin,  who  re- 
moved from  East  Hampton  about  1700  to  Fairfield,  Cum- 
berland County,  N.  J.,  and  became  the  first  of  the  family 
of  this  name  in  New  Jersey. 

The  subject  of  our  record  was  a  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Sarah,  born  August  20,  1755.  Of  his  earlier  life  and  edu- 
cation we  are  not  informed.  He  studied  medicine  with 
Dr.  Benjamin  Harris,  of  Pittsgrove,  Salem  Count)-.  Al- 
most his  only  book  was  "Cuttings  (Cullens?)  First 
Lines."  He  married  a  daughter  of  his  preceptor  before 
he  was  of  full  age,  and  settled  in  Clarksboro,  Gloucester 
County,  about  six  miles  from  Swedesboro,  where  he  be- 
gan his  practice.  Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of 
1776  he  gave  his  services  to  his  country's  cause.  After 
the  war,  though  he  had  a  wife  and  three  children,  he  went 
to  Philadelphia  and  attended  medical  lectures  in  the 
school  of  that  city  for  one  winter.  He  then  removed  to 
Swedesboro  and  entered  upon  the  service  of  his  life  in 
the  practice  of  medicine.  He  soon  became  the  leading 
physician  in  that  portion  of  the   State,  and  a  man  of  in- 

•  Thompson's  L.  I. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  4II 

Stratton. 

fluence  in  civil  and  political  affairs.  He  was  Judge  of  the 
Court  and  administrator  and  executor  of  large  estates. 
His  practice  extended  from  Salem  to  Woodbury,  about 
thirty  miles,  and  from  the  Delaware  to  twenty  miles  in 
the  interior.  His  habit  was  to  rise  early,  do  his  writing 
and  preparations  for  the  day,  breakfast  by  candle  light, 
and  then  start  in  a  sulky  without  a  top,  and  return,  if  he 
could,  before  night  ;  with  a  change  of  horses,  start 
again,  seldom  getting  home  till  late  at  night.  His  students, 
of  which  he  had  a  number,  were  employed  on  his  return 
in  compounding  his  medicinal  preparations  for  the  next 
day's  necessities.  His  obstetrical  practice  was  not  cor- 
respondingly large,  as  at  that  time,  and  in  a  sparse  popu- 
lation, it  was  necessarily  in  the  hands  of  women.  His 
services  were  sought  in  difficult  cases.  He  used  Smellie's 
forceps,  but  was  probably  not  an  adept  in  the  employment 
of  the  instrument,  as  few  at  that  time  were.  Upon  the 
death  of  his  wife,  he  married  (2)  Miss  Mary  Creighton,  of 
Haddonfield.  By  his  first  marriage  he  had  one  son,  who 
died  early,  and  two  daughters.  By  his  second  he  had 
seven  children,  one  dying  in  infancy.  He  was  the  father 
of  Rev.  Samuel  V.  Stratton  and  Charles  C,  who  was 
elected  Governor  of  the  State. 

Dr.  Stratton  was  remarkable  for  his  strict  moral  and  re- 
ligious habits.  He  early  joined  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  and  was  an  efficient  member.  Being  fond  of 
music  he  led  the  songs  of  the  congregation.  He  venera- 
ted the  Lord's  Day,  and  so  timed  his  engagements  as  to 
secure  for  himself  the  privileges  of  the  sanctuary.  He 
retained  his  predilection  for  the  Puritan  faith,  and  assem- 
bled his  family  on  Sunday  afternoon  to  instruct  them  in 
the  Westminster  catechism. 

He  was  possessed  of  a  commanding  figure,  of  genial 


412  HISTORY   OF   N.    J.    MEDICINE. 

Stratton. 

manners,  and  Christian  tenderness.  He  was  one  whom 
everybody  loved  and  respected.  As  a  politician  he 
was  a  Federalist,  and  his  influence  with  the  people  was 
such  that,  with  the  exception  of  six  persons,  he  controlled 
the  entire  vote  of  the  township. 

He  left  a  large  landed  estate,  but  the  fall  of  prices  after 
the  war  of  1812  very  much  reduced  its  value.  He  was 
the  grandfather  of  Dr.  Benjaviiii  Harris  Stratton,  of  Mt. 
Holly,  recently  deceased,  one  of  the  Fellows  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  of  which  his  grandfather 
was  a  member  in  1786,  and  president  in  1788. 

The  following  obituary  was  publislied  at  the  time  of 
his  decease  : 

"  On  Sunday  the  29th  ult.  departed  this  life  at  his  residence  near 
Swedesboro,  Gloucester  County,  in  this  State,  after  a  short  illness,  Dr. 
James  Stratton  aged  57  years.  Thus  in  the  mid^t  of  life  and  useful- 
ness, in  possession  of  the  love  and  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him,  is 
this  amiable  and  respectable  man  snatched  from  his  family  and  so- 
ciety by  the  hand  of  death.  May  his  bereaved  family  and  friends  find 
consolation  in  the  well  grounded  hope  that  he  has  exchanged  a  world 
of  unsatisfying  enjoyments  for  scenes  of  bliss  and  glory. 

Dr.  Stratton  was  of  that  description  of  men  who  are  justly  styled 
the  Pillars  of  Society  ;  active,  intelligent,  sensible  and  dignified  ;  a 
Christian  and  a  patriot.  The  chasm  created  by  his  death  will  long  be 
marked  in  mournful  recollection  by  his  surviving  relations,  neighbors 
and  fellow  citizens." 

His  tomb  in  the  old  churchyard  of  the  Swedish  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church,  of  Raccoon  (as  Swedesboro  was 
then  called)  bears  the  inscription  : 

Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 
DR.  JAMES  STRATTON, 

WHO    DEPARTED    THIS    LIFE    MARCH    29,    l8l2   IN    THE 
•  57TH    YEAR    OF    HIS    LIFE. 

With  a  mind  strong  and  well  cultivated,  he  was  uncommonly  useful  as  a  citizen 
and  as  a  Christian,  his  piety  and  virtue  will  long  be  held  in  remembrance." 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  413 

Stratton. 

James  Stratton,  Genealogy : 

Married  (i)  daughter  of  his  preceptor,  Benjamin  R.  Harris;  had 

Anna,  married  Dr.  Jno.  L.  Stratton. 
Sarah,  married  Edward  Carpenter,  father  of  Hon.   T.   P.  C,  of 
Camden,  married  (2)  daughter  of    Hugh  Creighton  ;    had 
Samuel,  clergyman   in   ICpiscopal  church,   died    twelve  years 

since. 
Charles  C,  first  Governor  of  New  Jersey  under  new  Consti- 
tution. 
Maria   married     (i)    /?r.    Er curies    Fiihian^    (2)  Daniel    P. 

Stratton. 
Isabella  married  Beugh  Howery^ 
Harriet  married  Dr.  Joseph  Fithian,  a  Fellow  of  the  Medical 

Society  of  N.  J.,  now  living. 
Francis,  now  living  unmarried. 


Jno.  I..  Stratton 
Was  born  in  Cutnberland  County,  February  23,  1778. 
He  descended  from  the  same  Long  Island  family  as  James 
Stratton,  supra,  with  whom  he  studied  medicine  and 
whose  daughter  Anna  he  married  in  1803.  He  attended 
lectures  at  the  Philadelphia  Medical  College,  and  at  the 
close  of  the  century  commenced  practice  in  Mount  Holly, 
where  he  remained  a  short  time.  He  removed  to  Bur- 
lington, where  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Nathan 
Cole.  This  did  not  last  long.  He  returned  to  Mount 
Holly,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  the 
active  duties  of  his  profession.  He  died  August  17,  1845. 
He  had  a  large  and  very  laborious  practice,  extending  at 
times  almost  from  the  Delaware  River  to  the  seashore. 


1  Dr.  Ercuries  B.  Fithian  was  a  son  of  Joel,  Sheriff  and  Legislitor.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Stratton.  He  settled  at  Swedesboro  in  1812,  upon  the  death 
of  his  father-in-law,  and  succeeded  to  his  practice.  In  May,  1816,  he  associated 
with  him  in  practice,  Dr.  Joseph  Fithian.  He  died  suddenly  in  the  same  year. 
He  was  a  popular  physician  and  much  esteemed  as  a  gentleman. 
28 


414  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Stratton.  Stkyker, 

He  was  known  to  ride  forty-five  miles  i7i  his  sulky  to  visit 
a  patient.  He  was  universally  respected,  and  greatly  be- 
loved by  all  those  with  whom  his  profession  brought  him 
in  contact. 

He  was  the  father  of  Dr.  Benjamin  H.  Stratton,  and  of 
the  Hon.  Jno.  L.  Stratton,  ex-member  of  Congress. 


Peter  J.   Stryker. 

Jan  Strycker,  a  Hollander,  was  in  Amsterdam  in  1653, 
as  in  December  of  that  year  he  united  with  others  in  a 
petition  of  the  commonalt}'  of  the  New  Netherlands  and 
a  remonstrance  against  the  conduct  of  Director  Stuy- 
vesant.  Soon  after  this  he  emigrated  to  Flatbush,  Long 
Island,  and  was  Chief  Magistrate  of  that  town  for  nearly 
twenty  years. 

Jacob  was  burgomaster  of  New  Amsterdam  in  1655- 
7-8  and  60.  He  then  removed  to  Flatlands  and  in  1673 
became  High  Sheriff  of  all  the  Dutch  towns  on  Long 
Island. 

Jan  (i)  had  a  son  Pieter  (i)  whose  son  John  bought 
lands  for  his  sons  near  Millstone,  and  on  the  Raritan  River, 
in  Somerset  County,  N.  J.  The  sons  who  came  to  New 
Jersey  were  Pieter  (2)  Johannes,  Abraham  and  Jacobus. 
They  all  spelled  their  name  Strycker,  but  after  that  gen- 
eration it  was  spelled  Stryker.  Pieter  (2)  had  a  son  John 
who  married  Lydia  Cornell.  He  was  the  noted  trooper 
Captain  John  Strj'kcr  who  in  command  of  a  company  of 
light  horse  in  the  Somerset  militia  so  harassed  and  dam- 
aged the  British  troops  when  they  occupied  New  Bruns- 
wick, Newark  and  Elizabethtown.  His  grave  is  in  the 
centre  of  a  field  on  the  road  from  Millstone  to  Weston,  a 
station  on  the  Bound  Brook  Railroad. 


lY 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  415 

Stryker. 

Captain  Stryker  was  the  Father  of  Peter  J.  Stryker, 
Abraham  third  son  of  Pieter  (2)  was  the  great  grandfather 
of  Adjutant  General  William  S.  Stryker.^ 

Doctor  Stryker  was  born  near  Millstone,  on  June  22, 
1766.  We  find  from  the  above  record  that  he  descended 
from  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  respectable  families  of 
the  State.  During  the  period  of  the  Revolution,  though 
a  boy  of  thirteen  years  of  age,  he  assisted  in  furnishing 
supplies  to  the  American  troops  stationed  near  his  home, 
particularly  the  brigade  of  General  Wayne,  which  marched 
from  their  winter  quarters  at  Millstone  in  the  early  sum- 
mer of  1779  directly  to  the  capture  of  Stony  Point  on 
the  Hudson. 

After  the  war  he  sought  an  education  and  after  pur- 
suing a  course  of  study  in  the  office  of  Dr.  McKissack  he 
was  licensed  as  a  physician.  He  soon  acquired  and  long 
enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  community.  After  prac- 
tising about  six  years  in  Millstone,  he  removed  to  Somer- 
ville,  where  he  entered  into  the  practice  of  Dr.  Jonathan 
F.  Morris  and  remained  there  to  the  end  of  his  life. 

As  a  public  man  he  was  frequently  honored  with  offices 
of  trust  and  influence.  He  was  High  Sheriff  of  the 
county,  a  State  Senator,  and  presided  several  years  as  Vice- 
President  of  the  Upper  House.  On  one  occasion  in  this 
position  he  was  acting  Governor.  The  Doctor  early  ex- 
hibited a  decided  military  taste,  and  rose  through  the 
various  grades  of  the  service  to  the  rank  of  Senior  Major 
General  as  the  successor  of  General  Doughty.  He  held 
this  post  for  more  than  thirty  years.  As  a  mark  of  respect 
for  his  age  and  long  service,  forty  officers  of  the  New 
Jersey  troops,  called  out  by  Governor  Newell  and  led  by 


'  MSS.  Notes  of  Gen.  Strvker. 


4l6  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Stryker.  Sutfin. 

him,  assembled  at  his  funeral  and  his  remains  were  borne 
to  their  last  resting  place  with  military  honors. 

General  Stryker's  life  as  a  citizen  and  a  public  man  was 
made  complete  by  his  character  as  a  Christian.  As  such 
he  was  humble,  devout  and  consistent.  In  1810  he 
united  with  the  Church  of  Raritan.  For  forty-nine  years 
he  was  almost  always  present  when  the  Sacrament  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  was  administered. 

Dr.  Stryker  may  be  said  to  have  been  a  man  of  mark. 
His  intellect  was  vigorous  and  well  developed.  As  a 
gentleman  he  was  kind,  courteous  and  dignified.  As  a 
physician,  valued  and  esteemed  by  all  classes,  and  con- 
siderate to  the  poor.  He  lived  to  be  the  last  among  a 
brotherhood  of  great  men  and  eminent  Christians,  whom 
the  Raritan  Church  once  numbered  among  its  members. 
He  died  full  of  peace,  on  October  19,  1859.^ 


Daniel  Sutfin 
Was  a  resident,  and,  we  suppose,  a  native  of  Monmouth 
County.     He  removed  to  Springfield,  now  Union  County, 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  and  there  end- 
ed his  days. 

Dirck  Van  Sutphen  came  to  America  from  Holland 
with  John  (doubtless  his  brother)  and  settled  on  Long- 
Island,  at  or  near  New  Utrecht,  about  165 1-4,  They 
were  not  emigrants,  direct  to  that  town,  as  their  names  do 
not  appear  as  such  in  its  records.  It  is  supposed  that  they 
came  in  the  cmplo)'  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company. 
Dirck  married  Lisbet  Janse  about  1676.  Had  children, 
Isaac,  Henry,  Jacob,  John,  Gertie,  Gursbcrt,  and   Abra- 

>  From  Obituarv  Notices. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 


417 


SUTFIN. 


Swan. 


ham.  He  (Dirck)  migrated  to  Monmouth  County,  N. 
J.,  about  1705-10,  where  their  descendants  now  are, 
among  \\'hom  was  the  subject  of  this  notice.  The  name 
from  1683  to  1 7 10  is  variously  written  Van  Zutplicn, 
Zutphen,  Zutfin,  Sutphen,  Sutfin. 

The    monumental    inscription    in    the    old    graveyard 
at  Springfield  reads  thus  : 

BENEATH 

THIS    STONE 
LIE    DEPOSITED 
THE    REMAINS    OF 

DOCTR  DANIEL    SUTFIN 

WHO    PRACTIC"    PHYSIC   IN    THIS 

PARISH    FOR    FORTY   YEARS.      HE    WAS 

A    MAN    OF    PROBITY — A    USEFUL 

MEMBER   OF    SOCIETY — A   SINCERE 

FRIEND    AND    A    HUMBLE  CHRISTIAN . 

HE  DIED  ON  THE  I3  DAY  OF    JULY  1815 

AGED    62  YEARS   IN   THE 

HOPE   OF  A   BLISSFUL 

IMMORTALITY. 

Hannah,  wife  of  Dr.  Sutfin,  d.  Sept  5,  1790, 

aged  28. 

Joanna,  relict  of  Dr.  Sutfin,  d.  Sept  29 

1833    Aged  69. 

The  graves  of  his  wives,  with  the  above  inscription,  are 
on  each  side  of  that  of  the  Doctor's. 


Samuel  Swan. 

Born  in  1771.  Practised  medicine  from  about  1800  to 
1806  at  Bound  Brook ;  from  the  last  date  to  1809  at  Som- 
erville.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  elected  County 
Clerk  of  Somerset  and  held  the  office  till  1820,  when  he 
was  elected  a  Member  of  Congress.  His  place  of  birth 
was  at  or  near  Scotch  Plains. 

He  died  in  August,  1844,  at  Bound  l^rook,  and  was 
buried  in  the  vault  of  Jacob  DeGroot,  whose  daughter  he 
had  married. 


41 8  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Swain.  Schyek.  Tallman. 

Aaron  Swain. 

In  Jacobstown  Baptist  Cemetery,  Burlington  County 

"  In  memory 

OF 

DOCTOR  AARON  SWAIN, 

WHO   DEPARTED   THIS  LIFE 

THE    IITH    DAY    OF    SEPT.  I79I, 

AGED  38  YEARS. 

Princes  this  clay  must  be  your  bed 
In  spiie  of  all  your  towers — 
The  wise  the  reverend  head 
Must  lie  as  low  as  ours."' 


John  Schyer. 
In  the  old  Baptist  burying  ground,  Middletown,  Mon- 
mouth : 

"  In  Memory 

OF 

DR.  JOHN  SCHYER, 

who    DEPARTED    THIS    LIFE     AUGUST    I,    I79I, 
AGED   40   YEARS,    6   MONTHS   AND   2    DAYS."* 


Benjamin  H.  Tallman 
Was  admitted  to  practise  according  to  the  laws  of  New 
Jersey  about  1786,  and  in  the  same  year  was  made  a 
member  of  the  Medical  Society.  He  resided  in  Haddon- 
field,  and  died  about  1796.  He  had  a  short  professional 
career.3  Dr.  Tallman  read  a  paper  October  4,  1791,  be- 
fore the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  on  the 
sudden  effects  of  affusion  of  cold  water  in  a  case  of  te- 
tanus.   It  is  published  in  the  transactions  of  the  college.^ 

»  MSS.  Notes  W.  J.  Potts. 
•■'MSS.  W.  J.  Potis. 
=*  Memoir  of  Bowman  Hendry. 
«Vol.  i.  Part  i,  Phil.  1793. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  419 

Tallman.  Taylor. 

Stephen  Taelman 
Lived  at  Pumpkin  Point,  on  Tallman  Creek,  Shrewsbury. 
He  was  a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  and  came  early  to 
Monmouth  County.^  His  remains  lie  buried  on  his 
original  estate  in  Shrewsbury,  where  a  stone  stands  over 
his  grave,  giving  his  birth  and  death.  His  daughter  was 
the  mother-in-law  of  Dr.  William  Stillwell. 


Edward  Taylor 
Was  a  native  of  Upper  Freehold,  where  he  was  born 
May  27,  1762.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1783. 
Studied  medicine  first  with  Dr.  Jas.  Newell,  of  Monmouth 
County,  and  finished  his  studies  at  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, at  which  it  is  said  that  he  graduated  in  1786. 
His  name  is  not  recorded  in  its  catalogue  of  graduates. 
He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Pember- 
ton,  but  soon  removed  to  his  native  home,  where  he  con- 
tinued the  greater  part  of  his  life.  He  had  an  extensive 
practice,  and,  obedient  to  its  demands,  endured  an  almost 
unparalleled  amount  of  mental  and  physical  toil.  His 
district  of  service  was  only  limited  by  the  east  and  west 
borders  of  the  State,  his  long  journeys  being  made  in  the 
saddle.  The  loss  of  his  way  in  the  darkness  of  night  in 
the  midst  of  the  dense  forests  of  pines,  tested  his  cour- 
age ;  and  exposure  to  the  intense  cold  of  wintry  storms, 
freezing  his  ears  and  nose,  was  a  test  of  his  endurance. 
His  return  home  was  but  to  resume  his  daily  labor.  Yet 
with  all  his  exposure  and  fatigue  he  enjoyed  almost  unin- 
terrupted health,  promoted  doubtless  by  his  strictly  tem- 
perate habits  on  all  occasions.  He  became  a  member  of 
the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  in  1787. 

>  Savage's  Genealogies. 


420  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Taylor.  Tennent. 

Dr.  Taylor's  mind  was  cultivated  and  well  balanced. 
His  judgment  was  sound  and  his  perception  quick;  his 
manners  courteous  and  urbane.  He  thus  secured  the 
confidence  of  his  patients.  Being  a  man  of  few  words, 
and  watchful  over  them,  he  was  not  accustomed  to  speak 
without  having  something  to  say,  and  was  especially 
careful  not  to  speak  in  disparagement  of  another,  treat- 
ing with  all  respect  the  rights  and  opinions  of  others. 
When  time  permitted,  he  found  enjoyment  in  books  suit- 
ed to  his  refined  and  cultivated  taste.  In  his  business 
habits  he  was  conscientious  and  scrupulously  correct. 
He  was  instructed  in  the  school  of  Christ  and  his  life  and 
conversation  were  consistent  with  its  teachings. 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life,  he  was  led  to  regard  it  his 
duty  to  accept  the  charge  of  an  institution  for  the  insane, 
near  Philadelphia.  For  nine  years  he  continued  to  fulfil 
the  responsible  duties  of  this  office,  and  then  resigned. 
His  death  occurred  soon  thereafter.  May  2d,  1835,  in  the 
seventy-third  }-ear  of  his  age.  Dr.  Taylor  is  also  noticed 
in  Thomason's  "  History  of  the  Medical  Men  of  Mon- 
mouth County." 


Gilbert  Tennent. 

In    Tennent    Churchyard,    Freehold,    on    a    large    flat 
tombstone,  is  inscribed 

Here  Lies 

the  mortal  part  of 

GILBERT    tennent 

In  the  practice  of  Physick 

He  was 

Successful  and  beloved 

Young,  Gay,  and  in  the  highest  bloom  of_life 

Death  found  him 

Hopefully  in  the  Lord. 


HISTORY   OF  N.   J.   MEDICINE.  42 1 

Tennent.  Treat. 

But,  O  Reader 

had  you  heard  his  last  testimony 

you  would  have  been  convinced 

of  the  extreme  madness 

of  delaying  repentence. 

Naius  April  1742 

Obiit  March  6  1770. 

Dr.  Tennent  was  the  youngest  son  of  Rev.  William 
Tennent.  He  was  successful  as  a  young  physician,  and 
gave  promise  of  eminence.  His  death  was  sudden,  from 
disease  of  the  heart.  His  distinguished  father,  who  at 
twenty-eight  years  of  age,  settled  in  Freehold,  in  1733, 
survived  his  son  seven  years.  ^ 


Samuel  Treat 
Began  practice  about   1765.     [See  his  Medical  Certificate 
in  Part  I.,  Appendix].     "Was   practising  in   Burlington  as 
early  as  1786,  as  at  that  date  he  was  a  subscriber  towards 
the  salary  of  the  minister  of  St.  Mary's, ^     He  had  a  good 


'  Note. — Rev.  Wm.  Tennent,  Sk.,  a  native  of  Ireland,  came  lo  America  in 
1718,  being  past  middle  age.  Died  May  6th,  1746,  aged  seventy-three.  Had 
sons 

I.  Gilbert,  born  in  Ireland,  1703,  was  settled  as  a  minister  in  New  Brunswick. 

II.  William,  Jr.,  born  June  3d,  1705,  in  Ireland.  Minister  of  Tennent 
Church,  Freehold,  the  subject  of  the  trance.      He  had  three  sons. 

1.  John  V.  B.,  who  graduated  at  Princeton.  Studied  medicine  in  Edinburgh. 
Prof,  of  Midwifery  in  the  Medical  School  of  King's  (College  at  its  formation  in 
New  York.      Went  to  the  West  Indies  for  his  health.     Died  aged  thirty-three. 

2.  William,  minister  m  Charleston,  S.  C,  where  he  died. 

3.  Gilbert  studied  medicine;  practisedin  Freehold,  N.  J.;  died  there  aged 
twenty-eight. 

III.  John  (third  son  of  William,  Sr.)  died  .'\pril  23d,  1732,  aged  Iwenty-five. 

IV.  Charles,  (fourth  son  of  W'lUiam,  Sr.)  born  in  Ireland,  1711,  was  pastor  of 
Tennent  Church  before  William  (2) ;  died  early.  He  had  a  son.  Rev.  Wm.  M. 
Tennent,  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  (jreenfield,  Ct..  and  at  Abington,  near 
Phila.,  where  he  died. 

'•i  Hill's  History. 


422  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Treat.  Tunison. 

reputation   as    a    pliysician.     His    intercourse    with    his 

patients,  and  his  deportment  as  a  gentleman,  impressed 

them  with  a  high  esteem  and  respect  for  him.      He  was 

born    January  13th,  1739,     Married  Agnes  Hollingshead, 

October  13th,  1774;  died  April  9th,  1814,  and  was  buried 

at  Oxford,  Chenango  County,  New  York.     He  practised 

at  Burlington  as  late  as  1795. 

In  the  old  burying  ground  at  Oxford,  on  the  border  of 

the   village,   where   no    interments   have   been   made    for 

many  years,  is  a  large,  horizontal  slab  of  marble,  with  the 

inscription : 

Sacred 

to   the  memory  of 

Departed  Worth 

this  monument  is  erected 

In  Remembrance  of 

DOCT  SAMUEL  TREAT 

WHO  departed  this  life 

At  Oxford,  Chenago  County 

N.  Y. 

ON    THE   9TH    DAY    OF    APRIL 
1814 

Aged  75  years  3  months 

AND  9    DAYS. 

At  the  time  of  his  death,  Dr.  Treat  was  living  with 
Piatt  Brush,  of  Oxford,  who  married  his  daughter  Eliza. 
He  left  her  and  two  sons;  Samuel,  who  removed  to  Ohio, 
a  law}^er  of  ability,  and  Richard,  his  youngest  son. 


Garrett  W.  Tunison, 
Born  in   Raritan,  (now  Somerville)  November  12th,  1751. 
Surgeon   Lamb's   Artillery,  Second   Regiment  Artillery, 
Continental  Army  ;  discharged   at  the  close  of  the  war.  ^ 


>  Stryker's  Register. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  423 

TuNisoN.  Turner. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  Dr.  Tunison  was  a 
practising  physician,  in  Virginia.  He  volunteered  in 
Capt.  Stephenson's  Company  of  Riflemen,  where  he  con- 
tinued till  March,  1776,  when  he  was  ordered  to  take 
charge  of  medicines  left  by  Dr.  Gardiner,  who  had  joined 
the  British.  He  went  from  thence  to  Norwich,  thence  to 
New  York  City,  and  was  appointed  Mate,  by  the  Surgeon- 
General  of  the  Army.  Promoted  to  Junior  Surgeon, 
June  1st,  1777,  under  Drs.  Foster,  Adams  and  Eustis. 
He  was  in  that  department  nearly  all  the  time,  and 
mostly  in  hospital,  at  Fishkill,  until  May  ist,  1778,  when 
he  joined  Col.  Lamb's  Regiment,  and  by  recommendation 
of  Gen.  Knox,  was  commissioned  Surgeon,  therein,  Feb- 
ruary 1st,  1779.  He  was  at  the  battle  of  Montgomery, 
and  at  Yorktown,  and  retired  on  the  disbandment  of  the 
army,  in  1783. 

He  married  his  wife,  Saridi  Ten  Eyck,  at  Raritan,  May 
5,  1783,  and  resided  on  her  farm  during  the  rest  of  his 
life,  there  practising  his  profession.  He  made  a  profes- 
sion of  religion  in  1812.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Legislature,  and  was  a  man  highly  respected  in  all  the  re- 
lations of  life.  He  died  July  18,  1837,  aged  eighty-six, 
and  was  interred  in  the  cemetery  at  Somerville.  He  left 
four  children  ;  two  sons,  Cornelius  T.  and  Matthias  Ten 
Eyck,  and  two  daughters,  Magdalen  and  Jane,  the  latter 
of  whom  died  a  year  after  her  father. ^ 


William  Turner 
Ls  noted  in  the  Town  Records  of  Newark  as  "  Chosen 
Assessor,"  March   10,  1740.     Dr.  Clark^  says  of  him  that 


•  MSS.  notes  of  Jos.  M.  Toner,  M.  D.,  e/  aliis 
■•^  History  of  Medical  Men  of  Essex  County. 


424  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Turner.  Van  Boskirk.  Van  Buren. 

he  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Pigneron,  a  Frenchman, 
who  settled  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  in  1690.  Also  that  about 
1740-50  he  served  as  a  vestryman  in  Trinity  Church, 
Newark.  He  died  February  18,  1754,  and  his  remains 
were  laid  in  the  old  graveyard  at  Newark. 


Abraham  Van  Boskirk 
Was  a  resident  of  Bergen  County.  In  the  transactions 
of  the  Provincial  Congress,  May  12,  1775,  he  is  mentioned 
as  constituting  a  standing  committee  of  correspondence 
of  the  County  of  Bergen,  of  which  John  Fell  was  chair- 
man. On  February  17,  1776,  he  was  commissioned  a 
Surgeon  of  the  First  Militia  of  his  County.  On  July  26, 
1776,  the  Provincial  Congress  ordered  that  the  Treasurer 
pay  to  Dr.  Van  Boskirk  (and  two  others)  the  sum  of 
^355  10S-'  Proclamation  money,  being  the  amount  of  79 
stand  of  arms  at  the  rate  of  £4  ros.  apiece.  ^ 


Abraham  Van  Buren 
Descended  from  John,  who  emigrated  to  New  York 
about  1700  from  a  place  of  that  name  (Beuren)  in  Hol- 
land. He  was  a  physician,  a  pupil  of  Boerhave  and  a 
graduate  of  Le}'den.  His  son  Beekman,  born  in  New 
York  1727,  practised  medicine  and  died  there  in  1812. 
The  above  John  was  the  progenitor  of  the  family  of  Van 
Buren  in  this  country. ^ 

Abraham  was  born  in  1737.     He  settled  in   Millstone, 
Somerset  County,  where   he  died   March    15,  1813,  aged 

»  MSS.  Biographies  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Toner. 
*  Toner's  Annals  of  Medical  Progress. 


I 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  425 

Van  Buren.  Van  Cleve. 

76  years  and  9  months.     His  wife  died  in   18 16,  aged  88. 
They  were  both  buried  in  Millstone. 

Dr.  Van  Buren  seems  to  have  had  a  large  practice.  He 
is  still  spoken  of  as  famous  for  his  "  Red  Drop,"  which 
he  was  in  the  habit  of  prescribing,  and  which  became  a 
popular  preparation  after  his  day.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  at  Millstone,  being  one  of 
its  first  deacons  in  1766  and  an  elder  in  1783.  He  had 
a  son,  Williaiii  Van  Buren,  who  was  a  physician  and 
practised  in  Millstone  till  18 16,  when  he  removed  to  New 
Brunswick  and  kept  a  drug  store.  Another  son,  Abra- 
ham, became  a  merchant  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  spent 
the  most  of  his  life.  Dr.  William  H.  Van  Buren,  of  New 
York,  is  his  eldest  son  by  a  second  marriage.  A  Dr. 
Janies  Van  Buren  w^s  practising  in  Bergen  County  during 
the  war,  as  he  was  arraigned  before  the  Committee  of 
Safety  in  1777  as  of  doubtful  loyalty  to  the  Whig  cause. 
He  took  the  oath  of  allefjiance  and  was  released. 


John  Van  Cleve 
Was  a  native  of  Maidenhead,  now  Lawrence,  Mercer 
County.  His  family  connections  were  among  the  most 
reputable  in  that  community.  He  entered  the  Sopho- 
more class  in  Princeton  in  1794,  maintained  a  good  stand- 
ing as  a  scholar,  and  received  his  degree  in  1797.  He  at 
once  entered  the  office  of  Drs.  Stockton  and  Maclean, 
with  the  former  of  whom  he  was  subsequently  for  several 
years  associated  as  a  partner.  In  18 19  he  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York. 

The   Doctor  was  held   in   great    respect    as    a    man    of 


426  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Van  Cleve. 

talent,  learning  and  skill  in  his  profession,  so  much  so 
that  at  a  meeting  of  the  College  held  on  September  27, 
1825,  they  adopted  the  following  resolution  :  "  Resolved, 
That  the  President  and  Faculty  be  empowered  to  make 
such  a  temporary  arrangement  with  Dr.  Van  Cleve  for 
the  introduction  of  lectures  on  medicine,  or  the  auxiliary 
branches  of  knowledge,  as  they  may  think  proper,  and  to 
make  report  thereon  at  the  next  meeting  of  the.  Board." 
This  was  intended  to  be  merely  preliminary  to  the  estab- 
lishfnent  of  a  Medical  Department  in  the  College,  with 
Dr.  Van  Cleve  at  its  head.  His  death  the  following  year 
put  an  end  to  any  further  action. 

Dr.  Van  Cleve  was  for  many  years  a  Ruling  Elder  in 
the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Princeton,  a  Trustee  of  the 
College  and  a  Director  in  the  Theological  Seminary.  He 
married  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  William  Houston, 
who  was  for  twelve  years  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy  in  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  and 
was  the  first  appointed  to  the  chair  in  1771.  He  was 
a  member  for  a  time  of  the  Continental  Congress,  and 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  convention  that  formed  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Dr.  Van  Cleve's  monumental  inscription  in  Princeton 
graveyard  reads : 

In  Memory  of 
JOHN  VAN    CLEVE,   M.  D., 

WHO   DIED   DEC.    24TH,    1826, 
AGED  48   YEARS. 

He  was   an  attentive  and  skillful  phy- 
sician  and   a   kind   and    sympathizing 
friend.     As   an    Elder  of    the   Presbyterian 
Church  in  this  place,  a  trustee  of  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  a  parent  and  a 
citizen,  he  performed  fiiithfully  the 
duties  which  devolved  upon  him,  and 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  427 

Van  Cleve.  Van  Court.  Vanderveek. 

died  in  tlie  faith  of  that  Gospel  the 
influence  of   which  he  constantly  dis- 
played, deef)ly  regretted  by  a  numerous 
circle  of  friends  to  whom  his  many 
Excellencies  endeared  him 

And  of  his  wife  Louisa  Ann  Van  Cleve 
who  died  July  27th  1827  aged  43  years. 
She  was  faithful  and   affeetionate  as  a 
wife  and  parent,  a  sympathizing  friend 
and  a  serene  and  enlightened  Christian. 

The    Doctor  by  his   marriage  had  .six  children,   three 
sons  and  three  daughters. 


Moses  Van  Court 
Was  in  Trenton  a  physician  in  1778.  The  New  Jersey 
Gazette,  September  16,  1778,  under  Trenton  news,  notes: 
"  Died  suddenly,  on  Monday  night  last,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Van  Court,  the  amiable  wife  of  Dr.  Moses  Van  Court,  of 
this  town,  in  the  twenty-second  year  of  her  age.  Her 
remains  were  decently  interred  at  the  old  Presbyterian 
Meeting  House,  on  the  Scotch  road,  four  miles  from  this 
place. "^ 


L.\wrence  Vanderveer 
Lived  from  early  life  in  Somerset  County.  He  com- 
menced to  practise  in  New  Jersey,  and  was  associated 
with  those,  who,  in  1776,  organized  the  New  Jersey  Med- 
ical Society.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Shepardstown, 
Berkley  County,  Virginia,  but  soon  returned  to  Somer- 
set, and  practised  in  Hill.sborough,  in  that  part  of  the 
township   known   as   Royceficld.       Here  he   became  emi- 


'  MSS.  Wm.  Jno  Potts. 


428  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Vanderveer. 

nent,  and  had  an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice,  during  a 
long  life  time.  He  was  the  first  to  bring  into  notice  the 
alleged  virtues  of  the  Scutellaria  Lateriflora  in  the  preven- 
tion and  cure  of  hydrophobia.  He  administered  the 
remedy  to  about  four  hundred  persons,  said  to  have  been 
exposed  to  the  disease,  in  none  of  whom  did  it  appear. 
It  is  not  known  from  whom  he  obtained  a  knowledge  of  its 
antidotal  powers.  He  used  it  early  in  his  practice,  and 
before  he  went  to  Virginia.  A  paper  upon  the  plant,  as 
used  by  the  Doctor,  was  written  by  Dr.  Lyman  Spauld- 
ing,  and  read  before  the  Historical  Society  of  New  York, 
in  1819.      The  printed  copy  is  in  its  Library. 

Dr.  Wm.  P.  C.  Barton,  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  Philadel- 
phia Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  1820,  reviewed  Dr. 
Spaulding's  paper  and  condemned  it  as  empirical.  It  was 
also  severely  noticed  in  other  journals.  Dr.  Spaulding 
subsequently  published  a  letter,  in  which  he  wished  to 
"  be  stricken  from  the  list  of  believers  "  in  the  virtues  of 
the  herb.  A  writer  in  the  Medical  Recorder,  1820,  con- 
demns Dr.  Vanderveer  for  holding  his  remedy  a  secret, 
and  for  the  incompleteness  of  the  history  of  his  cases. 
■  He  derides  the  statement  that  he  had  four  hundred  cases 
of  a  disease,  which  physicians  ,of  advanced  years  and  ex- 
tensive practice  rarely  see. 

Daniel  Lewis,  of  Westchester,  New  York,  who  was  bit- 
ten by  a  dog  in  1783,  visited  Dr.  Vanderveer,  and  was 
cured  by  his  treatment.  Lewis  thereupon  advertised  to 
cure  rabies,  and  acquired  much  reputation.  He  con- 
tinued to  practise  his  specialty  till  his  death,  in  18 10. 
Newspapers  lauded  his  success,  and  men  of  standing  and 
influence  were  enthusiastic  in  bringing  him  and  his 
remedy  into  notice.     An  unsuccessful  effort  was  made  to 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  429 

Vanderveer.  Van  Horne. 

obtain  from  Congress  an  appropriation  for  the  purchase 
of  his  secret  cure. 

The  Scutellaria  Lateriflora  has  been  before  the  public  for 
a  hundred  years,  as  a  cure  for  hydrophobia,  and  even  now 
has  somewhat  of  a  hold  upon  the  popular  mind.  We 
have  therefore  noted  its  history,  to  mark  its  origin,  as 
also  to  show,  that  its  discoverer,  though  doubtless  honest 
in  his  faith  in  its  virtues,  made  no  converts  among  the 
more  intelligent  medical  men  of  his  day. 

Dr.  Vanderveer  was  distinguished  for  his  benevolence, 
visiting  the  poor  as  well  as  the  rich,  but  making  no 
charges  when  he  thought  there  was  no  ability  to  pay. 
He  always  rode  a  fleet  horse,  and  traveled  the  country 
without  regard  to  roads  or  fences,  taking  an  air  line  from 
one  house  to  another.  Later  in  life  he  made  a  profession 
of  religion,  and  united  with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
in  Millstone.  He  died  in  181 5,  possessed  of  a  large  for- 
tune, and  universally  regretted.  His  name  has  a  savor  of 
gratitude  and  honor,  even  now,  in  the  memory  of  many 
aged  people  in  Somerset  County.  His  remains  were  in- 
terred on  his  own  estate,  and  a  monument  marks  their 
resting  place. 

He  was  the  father  of  Dr.  Henry  Vanderveer,  of  Somer- 
ville,  who  died  February  13th,  1874,  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
two.  1 


John  VanHorne 
Was  a  native  of  Readington,  where  he  commenced   prac- 
tice about    1787.      He  died  suddenly,  (of  Epilepsy,  it   is 
supposed),  on  the  road,  in  1807,  aged  forty.  ^ 


»  MSS.  Notes,  Rev.  Dr.  Messier.     Spaulding's  Memoirs. 
2  Extract  from  Blane's  "  Med.  His.  of  Hunterdon." 


430  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Vanleer. 

Benjamin  Vanleer 

Was  a  practitioner  of  medicine  in  1772,  in  Haddonfield, 
Gloucester  County.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Jacob 
Stokes.  lie  was  a  man  ot  some  literary  taste,  and  was 
possessed  of  property.  His  habits  were  what  we  now 
term  fast,  and  were  not  promotive  of  his  success  as  a 
medical  man.  He  dressed  in  Continental  style,  and  was 
very  vain  of  his  "  handsome  leg,"  which  in  that  day  was 
quite  a  feature. 

A  Dr.  Benjamin  Vanleer,  resided  in  Philadephia,  in 
1783,  in  Water  Street,  between  Race  and  Vine.  We  sup- 
pose him  to  be  the  same.  He  (the  latter)  died  in  1820,  as 
his  will  was  probated  November  17th,  of  that  year.  At 
the  time  of  writing  his  will,  (18 17)  he  was  a  resident  of 
Chester,  Pennsylvania,  where,  in  the  last  century,  a  fam- 
ily of  Vanleer^  resided,  several  of  whom  were  physicians. 
In  this  will,  among  the  other  bequests,  he  gives  his  "tract 
of  meadow  land  of  172  acres  in  Gloucester  County,  New 
Jersey,  purchased  of  Sarah  Hopkins  and  others,"  with  the 
appurtenances,  to  his  son  Bernard  Branson  Vanleer.  He 
also  gave  to  a  son  Joseph,  who  with  Rev.  Robert  Black- 
well,  (Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia),  were  named 
executors.  The  Hopkins  family  is  an  old  family  in  Had- 
donfield, having  been  there  more  than  a  century.  This 
bequest  admits  the  reasonable  inference,  that  the  Doctor 
of  1772,  in  Haddonfield,  and  the  testator  named,  are  the 
same  person,  and  that  he  belonged  to  the  family  of  Van- 
leer, in  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania. 2 


»  Dr.  Darlington's  Newspaper  Sketches. 
a  MSS.  Notes  of  \Vm.  Jno.  Potts,  &c. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  43 1 

ViESSELIUS.  ViCKARS.  WALL. 

George  Andrew  Viesselius 
Was  born  and  educated  in  Holland  or  Germany,  and  em- 
I'f^rated  to  America  not  later  than  1749.  He  lived  on  the 
"  old  York  road,"  half  a  mile  from  the  Three  Bridges,  in 
Amwell,  Hunterdon  County.  He  was  an  energetic  and 
successful  practitioner,  and  traversed,  in  his  practice,  a 
large  district  of  country.  He  died  in  1767.  His  remains 
were  interred  on  his  own  land,  with  no  monument  to 
mark  the  spot.^ 


Samuel  Vickars. 
A  graduate  of  this  name,  is  recorded  in  the  Catalogue 
of  Princeton,  for  the  year  1777.  In  Stryker's  Register, 
is  the  record,  •'  Saml.  Vickars,  Surgeon's  Mate  in  General 
Hospital,  Continental  Army;  Surgeon's  ditto  Ap.  14, 
1777."  Dr.  Toner  notices  a  surgeon  of  this  name,  as 
serving  in  the  Revolution,  from  South  Carolina. 


John  Galen  Wall 
Was  a  son  of  James  Wall,  of  Amboy,  and  grandson  of 
Garret,  who,  with  his  brother  Walter,  came  to  this  sec- 
tion of  the  Province  at  an  early  day.  They  removed  to 
Middletown,  Monmouth  County,  prior  to  1685.  Dr. 
Wall  resided  in  Amboy  for  a  time,  and  then  removed  to 
Woodbridge,  where  he  married  Nancy,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Moses  Bloomfield,  to  whose  practice  Dr.  Wall  succeeded. 
After  the  death  of  the  latter,  his  widow  resided  for  a  time 
in  Burlington  County,  with  a  sister.  She  subsequently 
returned  and  became  the  wife  of  James  Paton. 


1  Extract  from  Blanc's  "  Med.  His.  of  Hunterdon." 


432  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Wall.  Ward. 

Dr.  Wall  was  admitted  to  membership  in  the  Medical 
Society,  in  1783. 

In  the  Presbyterian  burying  ground,  of  Woodbridge,  is 
the  Doctor's  tombstone,  bearing  the  inscription, 

"  In  memory 

OF 

DR.  JOHN  GALEN  WALL, 

13   YEARS    PHYSICIAN    IN    WOODBRIDGE   AND    PERTH    AMBOY. 
BOKN    AT    MiDDLETOWN,    MONMOUTH,    I7TH    DECEMBER 

1759;  DIED  14TH  January,  1798. 

If  physics  aid,  or  friendsliips  balm  could  save 
From  death,  thou  still  had'st  lived."* 


Abraham  Ward. 

The  old  Parish  burial  place,  of  Orange,  New  Jersey, 
contains  the  inscription, 

"  In  memory 

OF 

DOCTOR  ABRAHAM  WARD 
WHO  DIED  Feb.  12  1802 

AGED   25   YEARS 
AND  7  MONTHS. 

He  was  amiable  in  his  manners,  beloved  by  a  numerous  acquaintance,  his  pros- 
pects of  usefulness  and  comfort  were  highly  flattering,  but  alas 
These  prospects  all  in  one  sad  hour 
Were  blasted  as  the  fruitless  flower 
The  manly  strength  and  youthful  bloom 
The  parent's  hope,  the  partner's  joy 
The  guardian  of  the  infant  boy 
Then  hurried  to  the  silent  tomb 
Oh  !  pause  y«  living,  while  y^  pass  this  stone 
And  think  how  swift  your  glass  will  run." 

Dr.  Ward  was  a  native  of  Orange,  a  son  of  Zcnas  Ward. 
The  "  infant  bo)',"  noted  in  the  inscription,  named  Mark 
Anthony,  grew  to   manhood,  but  died   early,  unmarried. 


I  W.  A.  Whitehead's  Con.  E.  J.  His. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  433 

Ward.  Waterhouse.  Wiggins. 

Samuel  Ward, 
A   native   of  Connecticut,  was  practising   in   Greenwich, 
Cumberland  County,  about  1760.      He  died  at  the  age  of 
thirty-seven,  in    1774.      His    widow    married    Dr.    Moses 
Bloomfield  of  "VVoodbridcfe.  ^ 


John  Waterhouse 

Is  noticed  by  Whitehead  in  his  "Contributions,"  &c.,  as 

a    resident   of    Amboy.       He    married    Miss    W^atson,    a 

daughter  of  Alexander  Watson.  •  The  Doctor's  grave  is 

yet  to  be  seen  in  the  rear  of  St.   Peter's  Church,  with  the 

inscription, 

"  Here  lies  interred  the  body  of 
John  Waterhouse  Surgeon  who  departed 
THIS  life  Oct,  17  1766  aged  31  years." 


Thomas  Wiggins 
Was  a  native  of  Southold,  Long  Island,  born  in  1731. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1752,  taking  his  second 
degree  at  that  institution  in  1773,  receiving  the  same  at 
Princeton  in  1753.  He  had  two  brothers— David,  born 
1729,  and  James,  born  1733.  These  lived  and  died  at 
Southold. 

The  Doctor  removed  to  New  Jersey,  where  he  lived  at 
Princeton  for  many  years,  a  highly  esteemed  and  success- 
ful practitioner  of  medicine  and  an  honored  citizen.  In 
1766  he  responded  to  the  call  for  the  formation  of  a 
Medical  Society,  and  was  one  of  the  first  signers  to  its 
"  Instruments  of  Association."  He  was  an  Elder  in  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  to  which,  upon  his  death,  he  be- 

>  His.  Med.  Men  of  Cumberland. 


434  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Wiggins.  Wills. 

queathed  the  house  in  which  he  lived  and  a  considerable 

tract  of  land,  which  was  used  for  a  long  time  as  a  manse. 

He  was  treasurer  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  during 

1786-7.      When  the  Continental  Congress  was  in   session 

in  Princeton,  during  the  occupation  of   Philadelphia  by 

the  British,  he  extended  the  hospitalities  of  his  house  to 

General  Washington  and  his  lady. 

He  left    no   descendants  and   but  one  relative,  a  neice, 

whom  he  adopted  as  his  daughter.     She  married  J  no.  N. 

Simpson,  Esq.,  cashier  of  the  Bank  of  New  Brunswick, 

who  died  in   1832  in  P/inceton.     His  monument,  in  the 

form  of  a  sarcophagus,  bears  the  inscription  : 

"Beneath  this  marble 

Are  deposited  the  remains  of 

DR.  THOMAS  WIGGINS, 

Many   years  a   diligent   and   faithful    Physician 

in   the   town   of   Princeton 

and 

An  Elder  in   the  Church 

He    departed    this    life 

in  the  firm  faith 

And  lively  hope  of    the  Gospel 

on    the   14th    day  of   November 

in    the  year  of  our   Lord    1801, 

and  in  the  71st  year  of  his  age. 


The  trustees  of  the  Congregation 
in  testimony  of  their  esteem  for  his  vi'orth 
and  of  their  gratitude  for  his  pious  liberality 
in  bequeathing  to  them  for  the  use  of  the 
Church  ?d  Princeton  a.  very  valuable  ])arsonage 
have  erected  this  small  monument  to  his 
^[emory. 


Daniel  Wills 
Came  to  America  in  the  ship  "  Kent,"  1677,  "being  the 
second^  ship  from  London  to  the  western  parts,"  one  of 
»  Smith's  His.  of  N.J. 


HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  435 

Wills.  Williamson. 

the  commissioners  sent  over  by  the  English  proprietors 
with  power  to  buy  land  of  the  natives,  inspect  the  rights 
of  claimants  to  property,  to  order  lands  laid  out,  etc. 
The  passengers  who  came  over  with  him  numbered  230, 
mostly  Quakers.  They  settled  in  Burlington  County,  at 
Ch)'goes  Island,  afterwards  Burlington  and  upon  Ranco- 
cas  Creek.  History  speaks  of  Daniel  Wills  as  a  practi- 
tioner in  chemistry.  From  the  number  of  medical  book.s 
and  surgical  instruments  which  he  left,  many  of  which 
are  still  preserved,  his  practice  in  medicine  must  have 
been  large.  There  is  still  in  the  possession  of  a  de- 
scendant the  original  deed  given  him  by  William  Penn 
and  others  for  land,  a  part  of  which,  on  the  north  side  of 
Rancocas  Creek,  is  now  occupied  by  one  of  the  seventh 
generation. 

He  went  to  Barbadoes  on  business,  was  taken  sick  and 
died  March  26,  1689.  His  remains  are  buried  in  the 
Friends'  burying  ground  there  ;  he  being  when  in  life  a 
member  of  that  religious  society. 

He  was  a  man  of  much  industry  and  energy  and  com- 
manded the  respect  of  all.  He  laid  out  the  city  of  Bur- 
lington. 


Matthias  Hampton  Williamson, 
Son  of  William,  a  descendant  of  the  first  settler  of  that 
name  in  Elizabethtown,  1725,  and  of  Lydia  Hampton, 
daughter  of  Jonathan  Hampton.  He  married  Frances 
H.  Joust,  his  cousin.  He  wiis  practising  with  much  repu- 
tation in  his  native  town  in  1796,  as  a  partner  of  Dr. 
Ross.i  Dr.  Williamson  wrote  a  thesis  for  a  degree,  en- 
titled "Dissertation  on  the  Scarlet  Fover  attended  with 

»  Wm.  Hall's  Newspaper  Sketches,  etc. 


436  HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

Williamson.  Wilson. 

an  ulcerated  sore  throat,  submitted  to  the  examination  of 
the  Rev.  John  Ewingj  S.  T.  D.  Provost  '"  *  *  for  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  *  *  *  on  the  tenth 
of  May,  A.  D.  1793,  by  Matthias  H.  WiUiamson,  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medical  Society  of  Philadelphia." ^ 
This  dissertation  was  published  and  is  in  the  valuable 
library  of  Dr.  Samuel  S.  Purple,  New  York  City. 


Lewis  Feuilleteau  Wilson 
Was  born  on  the  Island  of  St.  Christopher's,  West 
Indies.  He  was  the  son  of  a  wealthy  planter,  and  was 
sent  to  England  to  be  educated.  He  returned  to  New 
Jersey  at  the  age  of  seventeen  with  his  uncle.  He  be- 
came a  student  in  Princeton  College,  where  he  graduated 
with  distinguished  honor  in  1773,  and  became  a  tutor  of 
the  college  in  1774.  After  he  left  the  college  he  visited 
London,  intending  to  take  oi'ders  in  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, but  being  dissatisfied  with  its  condition,  he  returned 
to  Princeton  and  commenced  the  study  of  divinity 
with  Dr.  Witherspoon.  Being  interrupted  in  his  studies 
by  the  war,  he  studied  medicine  and  was  commissioned 
Surgeon's  Mate  in  General  Hospital,  Continental  Army, 
January,  1778.     Surgeon  ditto,  June  30,  1779.^ 

After  the  war  he  again  visited  England,  and  upon  his 
return  settled  as  a  physician  in  Princeton.  In  1786  he 
removed  to  North  Carolina  to  practise  his  profession,  but 


>  Note. — Those  who  at  that  time  took  degrees  in  the  Medical  School  were  also 
ipso  facto  members  of  this  Society.  In  the  Surrogate's  office  of  Essex  County — 
Will  of  Mattiiias  Williamson  probated  October  31,  1807;  letters  of  administration 
ot  Matthias  Williamson's  estate,  1836.  It  was  the  latter  probably  who  graduated 
at  Princeton  in  1770. 

'^  Stryker's  Register 


HISTORY    OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE.  437 

Wilson.  Winans. 

his  old  desire  to  preach  the  Gospel  and  the  urgent  solici- 
tations of  his  friends  led  him  to  abandon  medicine.  He 
was  accordingly  licensed  to  preach  in  1791  by  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Orange.  In  1793  he  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  Fourth  Creek  and  Concord  Churches,  in 
North  Carolina.  His  pulpit  efforts  were  received  with 
marked  approbation.  In  the  remarkable  revivals  which 
followed  throughout  the  region  ten  years  later  he  bore  a 
conspicuous  part.  In  1803  he  resigned  his  charge,  and 
died  in  perfect  peace  December  11,  1804.^ 


I 


John  Wilson 
Was  a  contemporary  in   Railway  of  Drs.  Camp,    Morse 
and  Griffith.      He  was  a  leading  Friend,  and   was  an   at- 
tendant upon  the  meetings  abroad. 


Winans. 


Dr.  Winans,  probably  a  descendant  of  John,  practised 
in  Elizabethtown  before  the   Revolutionary  war. 


William  Winans, 
Also  of  Elizabethtown,  was  Surgeon  First  Regt.,  Essex, 
July  15,  1776,     Surgeon  of   Col.  Thomas'  Battalion  De- 
tached Militia,  July  24,  1776.2 

March  7,  1781,  a  meeting  was  advertised  in  the  Nczv 
Jersey  Journal  "  at  the  Inn  of  Doctor  William  Winans," 
Elizabethtown. 


>  Alexander's  Princeton  of  iSth  Cent.     GilU-tfs  His.  of  Pros.  Clih. 
"  Stryker's  Register. 


438  HISTORY   OF   N.   J.    MEDICINE. 

WiTHERSPooN .  Woodruff. 

John  Witherspoon 
Was  the  second  son  of  President  Witherspoon,  of  the 
College  of  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  practitioner  of  medi- 
cine. During  the  war  he  was  a  Surgeon  in  the  General 
Hospital,  Continental  Anny.^  After  the  war  he  prac- 
tised his  profession  in  St.  Stephen's  parish.  South  Caro- 
lina. He  is  supposed  to  have  died  at  sea  between  New 
York  and  Charleston  in  1795.^ 


Hezekiah  Stites  Woodruff. 

Born  June  28,  1754.  He  studied  medicine,  and  lived 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Mendham  till  about 
1830.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  in 
1784.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Dr.  Ebenczer 
Blachly.  He  removed  from  Mendham  and  settled  in 
Succasunna  Plains  (Drakeville)  and  died  there  about  1844. 
He  had  seven  children,  of  whom  the  four  following  were 
physicians  : 

Ebenczer  Blachly.  Born  September  22,  1777.  Prac- 
tised at  Drakeville,     Died  about  1843. 

William  Paterson.  Born  March  23,  1785.  Practised  at 
New  Vernon,  Paterson  and  Milford  ;  removed  to  Ohio 
and  died  there. 

Absalom  B.  Born  July  i,  1791.  Practised  at  Drake- 
ville. Died  at  Morristown  1850.  He  was  the  father  of 
the  present  Dr.  E.  B.  Woodruff  of  Morristown.  He  had 
a  daughter  who  married  Chief  Justice  Whelply,  of  New 
Jersey. 

Hezekiah  Stites.  Born  July  4,  1795.  Died  1857  '" 
Warren  County. 

*  Stryker. 

»  Alexander's  Princeton  of  181I1  Cent. 


INDEX 


I 


INDEX. 


I 


PAGE. 

Abernethy,  Samuel 193 

Accounts,  Medical no 

Act  of  1772 102 

"   "    1790 105 

Adams,   William 48,  125 

Allison,  Francis 204 

Alsop,   Richard 382 

Anatomy,  Lectures  on 37 

Anderson,  Isabella 391 

"           James 126 

"          Kenneth...: 127 

"         Mills 127 

Andre 147 

Ai^drews,  John 127 

Appleton,  Abraham  .  .  .■ 127 

Apprenticeship  of  Students....  36,  100 

Arents,  Jacob 128 

Arnold,  Gen 185 

Arnold,  letter  upon 147 

Assheton,  Ralph 129 

"     Esq 130 

Avert,  1 128 

Bainbridge,  Abigail 131 

Absalom 131,319 

Sir  Arthur 131 

"               Edmund. .' 131 

"              John 131 

"              Com.   William....  132 

Baker,  Doctor 132 

Baldwin,    Briscoe 132 

Cornelius 132 

Elijah 132 

John 132 

"         Nathaniel 132 

Ball,  Stephen . : 133 

Bancroft,  Daniel 133 

Edward 133 

Barber,    Jonathan 134 

Mariah 134 

Mary 134 

Tliomas 133 


PAGE. 

Bard,  John — early  writer 34.  37 

"      Samuel — early  writer 34.61 

"       I  'eter 322 

"      Diana 322 

Barnett,  Oliver 136,  138 

"  "       anecdote  of 137 

"        William 31,134,137 

"        William  M 137 

Beatty,  John 48,  138 

Becket,  Elizabeth 378 

Beginnings  of  population 13 

Belleville,  Nicholas 142 

Benneville  de,  Daniel 145 

"    George 145 

"  "   George,  Jun 149 

"  James 149 

Bergen  Mills 127 

Berkley,  Lord,  charier  to 13 

Bertolet,  family  of 146 

Bertron,  Abraham 142 

Bethlehem  Hospital 67 

Birt,  Hester 193 

Blachly,  family  of '. 151 

' '        Absalom 153,  155 

Bayard  P 155 

"      M 158 

Cornelius  C 157 

"        Ebeiiezer  S 157 

"        Ebenezer,  and  children. .     152 

(2)  his  children     152 

(3)  "         "    152,  154 
Henry  W 155-8 

(2) 158 

"        Stephen  L 159 

Thomas 151 

"  "       children  of 152 

William 153 

Blackwood,  John 159 

Blauvelt,  Jane 161,  388 

Bloomfield,  Joseph 149 

Moses 48,  55,  149,  150 

children  of 150 


442 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Rloomfield,    Samuel 151 

Blue  Mt.  Valley,  ship  taken 135 

Boggs,  Admiral 161 

' '       Ezekiel 160 

' '       James 160 

Rev.  E.  D 161 

Robert 161 

Bonaparte,  Joseph 144 

liond,   Levi 161 

Bonney,  Joseph 161 

Borden,  Joseph 169 

Bowen,  Elijah 162 

Bowne,  John 163 

Boylston,  Dr 29,  33 

Brainard 380 

Brittain,  Ann 143 

Brognard,  Francis 166 

Brognard,  John 164 

Brown,  Joseph 168 

Browne,   Rev.   Isaac 167 

"            "       Samuel 168 

Bryant,  William 142,  170 

Budd,  family  of 171 

"     Benj.  Say 181 

"         "       "     Jun 182 

"     Berne 48,  173 

"         "      children  of 174 

"     Daniel 176 

"     Dr.  Thomas 176 

•'     John  (3d) 178 

"     John  C 153 

"     Stacy 179 

"         "      children  of 180 

"     James ") 

"    John I 

1  liomas 

"     William j 

' '     Mary 265 

"     William,  genealogy 172 

Burlington,  Hessians  in 348 

Tories  and  refugees..  349 

Burnet,  David  G 186 

"         Ichabod 182 

"                "         Jun 184 

"         William..   48,  65  sqq.,  184  sqq 

"         William,  Jun 187 

Cadwai.ader,  Thomas 

37.  187  sqq..  19T,  373 

Caldwell's  church  in  1776 203 


PAGE. 

Camp,  John 193 

"       Mary 185,  193 

"       Nathaniel 185.193 

' '       Stephen 193,  270 

Campbell,  John 197 

Arcliibald 197 

Campfield,  Jabez 194 

"  William 195 

Canfiekl,  Abraham 196 

"         Isaac  W 196 

Cape  May  County,  iihysicians  in       16 

Card,  medical,  of  1785 139 

Carmicliael,  John  F 198 

Carrol),  Edward 198 

Catarrh 23 

Certificate  of  study 102 

Champneys,  Benjamin 200 

Chandler,  William 199 

199 

"  Rev.  Thomas 199 

Chapmnn,  Jedidiah 310 

Charter  to  Duke  of  York 13 

"       of  Medical  Society. . . .   105.  320 

' '       to  Carteret 13 

Chemistry,  lectures  on,  in  College 

of  New  Jersey 318 

Chetwood,  John 200 

Chygoes  Island 435 

Clark,  Abraham 201,  271 

Tames 143 

"        John 201,202 

"        Richard 201 

' '       Wi  1  liam 204,  292 

Clement,  Evan 159,  204 

Clergy  practitioners 14 

Climate,  effect  of 35 

Cochran,  John 48-  55.  204  sqq 

(^oe.  Rev.  Philemon  E 253 

"     Aaron 253 

College,  Harvard 42 

"         King's 38,  42 

"  Queen's 39,  42 

Yale 42 

Collins,  Francis 235,  236 

Combs,  David 210 

Comet  in  1680 18 

Condict,  Lewis 214 

Condit,  John 210 

"      race  in  Essex  and  Morris.     211 
Conover,  Samuel  F 215 


i 


INDEX 


443 


PAGE. 

Cooper,  Daniel 216 

"        John 216 

"         Myles 200 

Cornbury,  government  of 222 

Courtship,  beginning  of  a 391 

Cowell,  David 219 

John 220 

Coxe,  Daniel 221 

Craig,  David 222 

"        John 223 

Craven,  Gershom 223 

Credential,  form  of 241,  320 

Creed,  George 223 

Cummins 223 

Darby,  Henry  W 225 

"         Rev.  John 224,361 

Darcy,  Edward  Augustus 227,  325 

"      John 225 

"       John  S 226 

Davison,  D.  B 227 

Polly 162 

Dayton,  Jonathan 227,  48 

"         Joiiatlian  1 230 

Robert 228 

Dessigny,   Peter 231 

Dick,  Samuel 231 

Dickinson,  Jonathan,  26,  33,  34,  87,  234 

Temperance 347 

Dinisdale,  Baron 237 

I< 235 

Dinner  party  at  West  Point  head- 
quarters    257 

Dinner  party  in  Nevv  York 209 

Discharge,  military,  of  Brognard.  165 

Dissection,  instruction  by 37 

Dougan,  Henry 237 

Doughty,  Charles 237 

Douglas  on  early  physicians 16 

' '          early  writer 33 

in  1718 16 

"          opposing  inoculation.  ..  .  30 

Drake,   Henry 238 

Draper,  George 238 

Dry  giipcs,  by  Cadwallader 34 

Dry  gripes,  essay  on 189 

Dubois,    Benjamin 239 

Duke's  laws 54 

Dunham,  Jacob 240 

"          Rev.  Jonathan 239 


PAGE. 

Dunham,  Lewis 239 

Dupuy,  John,  man  midwife 58 

Dutch  .settlements 13 

Eaton,  Joseph 242 

Eatontown,  how  named. 242 

Edgar,  Alexander 241 

Education,  medical 35 

Elmer,  Ebenezer 247 

Eduard 242 

"      family  of 242 

"      genealogy 243 

"       Henry  G 257 

"      John  C 257 

"      Jonathan 244 

"       Rev.  onathan,   his    ances- 
try    252 

"      Rev.  Jonathan,  his  child- 
ren   253 

"      Moses  G 254 

"             "           his  children 254 

"       Moses  G.,  transcript  of  ac- 
counts   75.  no 

"       Philemon 253 

William  1 251 

Ehners  of  East  Jersey 252 

Elmore,  Samuel 252 

Emigrants,  Puritan 14 

English,  James 257 

"      Jr 258 

David  C 258 

Erwin,  258 

Ewing,  Thomas 259 

Fakrand,  Daniel 259 

"          genealogy '. .  260 

Fees  and  charges,  medical 

54,  70,  no,  183,  281,  297,  309,  403 

Fever  and  ague 20,  23,  .sqq 

Fever,  yellow 26  sqq 

Firman,  Giles,  lecturer 37 

Fithian,  Ercuries 413 

oseph 413 

I'lagg,  Major,  killed 284 

Flood,  James 260 

Forman,  Aaron 260 

"         David,  Sheriff 261 

"         Dr.  David 261 

"         (jcn.  David 261,393 

"         McLean 261 


444 


INDEX, 


PAGE. 

Forman,  Samuel 261 

S.  R 261 

Franklin,  Dr.,  opposed  to  inocula- 
tion   30,  168 

Franklin,    Lady,    letter    of    Con- 
gress to 307 

Freeman,  Melancthon 262 

' '        Clarkson 263 

Friends,  emigration  of 14 

Funeral  customs 403 

Garden,  Dr.,  early  writer 35 

Gaudonett,  Francois 263 

"           Henrietta  Elizabetli..  264 

Gay,  Edward 264 

Geneva   College,    New  York,  de- 
grees conferred  by 40 

Gibson,  Joseph,  instructor  in  ob- 
stetrics    57 

Gilliland,  James 264 

Gordon,  Charles,  letter  of 15 

Gosling,  John 236,  265 

Graduates  in  medicine,  first 38 

Grandin,  John  F 266 

Granville,  Maria 146 

Green,  Ashbell 268 

"       Colonel,  killed 284 

"       Rev.  Jacob 68,  266 

Greenland,  Henry, 269 

Greenman,  David 270 

Greenwood  mansion 192 

Gregg,  John 266 

Griffith,  John 48,  193,  202,  270 

"        Lydia 202 

"        Thomas 271 

"        William,  F.sq 271 

Hampton,  John 275 

Harris,  Benjamin 277,  410 

"       Dr 275 

' '       Henry  S 277 

"       Isaac 275 

"      Jr 276 

"      Jacob 277 

Samuel 276 

Hart  de,  Mattliias 277 

Hay,  Adam 278 

Hays,  Samuel 361 

Hendrickson,  Daniel 283 

Hendry,  Bowman 284 


page. 

Hendry,  Bowman, Jr 284 

Charles 284 

Thomas 283 

Henry  and  Francis,  ship 299 

Henry,  Robert  R 284 

Hillyer,   Rev.  Asa. .    372 

Hole,  John 285 

Holmes,  James 286 

Hornblower,  Josiah 286 

"      Jr 286 

"      3d 287 

William 287 

Horseman,  solitary,  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth    280 

Horton,  Jonathan 287 

Hover,  Francis 288 

Howard,  Charles  Abraham 289 

Howell,  Lewis 290 

"         Ebenezer 291 

Hubbard,  Jacobus 292 

Jr 293 

Hughes,  John  E 293 

Iliac  Passion,  by  Cadwallader. .  34 

Imlay,   William  E 293 

Incorporation  of  Medical  Society, 

Act  of 105 

Indenture  of  student 100 

Indians,  teeth  of 21 

Indian  Queen  Hotel 238 

Inoculation 29,  249 

"  Dr.    Barnet,    promoter 

of 31,  136 

"          Empress  Catharine  II.  237 

forbidden  in  New  York  32 

hospitals  for 31 

"          of  soldiers,  1776 68 

treatment  under 31.85 

Instructors,  Medical 37,  176 

Jaques,  Moses 295 

Jelf,  Joseph 201 

Jennings,  Jacob 296 

Rev.  Saml.  Kennedy..  297 

Jersey  West,  settlements 13 

Johnes,  John   B 298 

Dr.  Timotliy 297 

"        Rev.  Timothy 297 

"        Timothy  3d 298 

Johnson,  Abel 298 


INDEX. 


445 


PAGE. 

Johnson,  David 298 

"         James 298 

John 304 

"         Col.    Philip,  bravery   in 

death 392 

Uzal 304 

Johnstone,  John 299 

Lewis 301 

Kalm,  Peter,  observations  of 20 

Kennedy,  Rev.  Samuel 305 

Samuel,  Jr 305 

Kersay, 306 

Kingfisher,  ship  of  war 200 

Lalor,  Kitty 139 

Lambert,  Achsah 374 

Hannah 189 

Thos 189,  374 

Lands,  Johnstone  in  Amboy 302 

Langstaff,  Deborah 179 

Lauzun,  Duke  de,  Legion  of 165 

Lawyer,  J  .  J 177 

Lawrence,  Elisha 266,  341 

John 75.306 

Lea,  Thomas 310 

LeConte,  genealogy 311 

Peter 242-310 

Valeria 242 

Leciures,  Medical 37-41 

Leddell,  Henry 313 

John  W 314 

Samuel  W 314 

William 153,  312 

Legislation,  protection  by 54  sqq 

Lexington,  battle,  news  of 399 

Licenses  to  i^ractice 56 

Literature,  Medical 

16,  32,  33,  35,  189,  215,  346,  352,  418 

Little  (Littell),  Anthony 314 

Living,  standard  of 75'  7^ 

Livingston,  Gov.,  letter  of 233 

"  "       certificate  from.     293 

Lockhart,  George 31S 

Long  Island,  Tories  and  British  on     371 
"  "       exiles  from,   to  New 

Jersey 372 

Longstreet,  Helen 126 

Mary 138 

Loring,  Ephraim 253,  315 


PAGE. 

Lott,  Ralph  P 316 

■'     William  P ".     316 

Ludlam,  Nehemiah 316 

Lummis,  Dayton 316 

"        William,  on  yellow 

fever 27,  317 

Maclean  ,  John 41-317 

"     D.  D 319 

Makemie,   Rev.  Francis 299 

Manning  James 321 

Nathaniel 321 

Man  Midwife,  first  record  of 58 

Manlove,  Christopher 48-320 

Marmion,  Samuel 321 

Mason,  William  K 322 

Mather,  Cotton,  on  inoculation. .  29,  31 

Mawhood,   Colonel 291 

McCalla,   Archibald  C 323 

Thomas   H 323 

McCarter,  Charles 3^4 

McEowen,  Hugh 227,  325 

McGill,  William 325 

Mcllvaine,  Chas.    P.  Bishop 326 

William 326,  396 

McKean,  Robert 48,  167,  329 

McKissack,  Peter  D 331 

William  D 331 

William  M 330 

Mead,  Richard,  early  writer 35 

Medical  Association 43 

Card,  1785,  J.  Beatty...     139 

"        Practice 14 

"        Progress 42 

"        Societies 51 

Society  of  N.  J.,  title. . .       56 

Medicine,  Systems  of 61,  sqq 

Memorandum,  A 129 

Mercer,  Hugh  Gen 387 

Mercury,  in  inoculation 31 

Micheau,  Paul,  Lecturer,  41,  49,  331,  332 

Middleton,   Dr 37.  52 

Midwifery,  first  taught 39 

Mills,   Alfred 253 

Mitchell,  Jno.,  early  writer 35 

Money,  Proclamation 108,  sqq 

Monmouth,  Battlefield 163 

County,   1776 280 

"  "        in   the  Revo- 

hition..  389,  sqq 


446 


INDEX 


PAGE. 

Montgomery,  Thos.  West 334 

"  "  "  his 

children 335 

"               Alex.   Maxwell....  335 

Moore,  Alexander 336 

More,  Enoch 336 

Morgan,  John 38,  53 

Lewis 193,  336 

Morris  County,    Burdens  imposed 

by  enforced  inoculaiion.  68 
Governeur  and  Gen.  Wash- 
ington   209 

' '      Jonathan  F 338 

"       Margaret,   Journal 348 

Robert  Hunter 160 

Morrist'wn,  Hospital,  temporary  in  67 

Morse,  Isaac 340 

Moultrie,   John,    teacher  in   mid- 
wifery   59 

Mountwell 235 

Muloch,  James 341 

Munro,  Sarah 180 

New  Jersey,  Climate 17,  20 

East  and  West,  divis- 
ion line 221 

"  Excessive  drought  in      28 

"  Yellow   Fever 27 

Newell,  Elisha 342 

"        James 341,419 

Normandie  de,  family  of 342 

"  Jno.  Abr 204,  342 

Nutman,  Phebe 364 

Obstetrics 57,  sqq 

"          first  professorship  in . .  60 

Odell,  Rev.  Jonathan 347 

Ogden,  Isaac 351 

Jacob 352 

' '       Rebecca 273 

Old  Forge 127 

Otto,  Bodo 35^^ 

' '      Frederick 356 

"      Jno.  C 356 

Parker,  CJov.  Joel 392 

Parsons,   rebel 224,  268 

Patierson,  Robert 357 

Peck,   Benjamin 360 

Penn,  William 130 


PAGE. 

Pennington,  Gov.  Wm.   C 187 

Pestilence 17 

Photographs,  vols,  of  old  likenesses  328 
Physicians,  distinguished  as   pub- 
lic men 78 

"          early,  how  regarded..  15 
"          in  their  relations  to  the 

State 76 

"          license  of 17 

"          of  N.  J,  to  1800 125 

Pierson,  Rev.  Abr 360 

' '         Azel 360 

"     Jr 360 

"        Cyrus 361 

' '        Ebenezer  H 196,  363 

"         Isaac 365 

Matthias 363 

"        William 365 

William ,  J  r 365 

Pigot. 365 

Pink  root,  Garden  on 35 

Pleurisy 20 

"        malignant,  Bard  on....  20,  34 

"        Tennent  on 35 

Plunder,  incursions    upon    Eliza- 

bethtown 135 

Potts,  Thomas 374 

' '       Elizabeth 374 

Practice,  Medical 14-16 

Prall,  William 366 

Pringle,  Sir  John 53 

Progress,  Medical 42 

Provost,  Jacob 366 

Pugh,  George 366 

Pulaski,  Count 143 

Quacks,  early 17 

Quaker  physicians 15 

Queen's   College,    N.  J.,  degrees 

conferred  by 40 

Quimby,  Jos 253 

Rague,  John 367 

Ramsay,  Dr 179 

RandoIi:>h,  ship  of  war 176 

Rattlesnake  root,  Mead  on 35 

Redman,  Susanna 130 

Reed,  Thos 367 

Reed,  Bowes 384 

Reeve,  Jno 368 


INDEX 


447 


PAGE. 

Revenues  of  physicians 69 

Riggs,  Caleb  S 187 

Riker,  Jacob 372 

"       Jno.   B 371 

Robinson,  William 372 

Rockliill,  Jno 373 

Rodgers,  Charles  W 374 

Rodman,  Jno 375 

"            "    fannily  of 376 

"          Thos 376 

Romaine,  Nicholas 39 

Ross,  Alex. ,  New  Brunswick 289 

"      378 

' '     Geo 377 

"     Hall 289 

"     Jno.,  Major 378 

"    John 379 

Rossell,  Zachariah 379 

Sackett,  Jos.,  Jr 48,  381 

Salmon's  Herbal 35,  99 

Sawyer,  Ephraim  S 382 

Say,  Thomas 179 

Sayre,  Francis  B 383 

Schenck,  Henry  H 386 

Schooling,  bill  for,  1757 119 

Schools  in  New  York  ;  their  early 

obstacles  to  success. . ..  40 

Medical 38 

School,  Medical,  New  York 38 

"               "         Philadelphia....  38 

"       proposed  at  Elizabcthtown  332 

"            "               Princeton 41 

Schuyler,  Gen.,  quarters  in  Mor- 

ristown 195 

' '          Gertrude 205 

Schyer,  Jno 418 

Scott,    Gen.— home  in  Elizabeth- 
town  135 

' '     Moses 339i  386 

"     Jos.  Warren 388 

"     Mary  Dickin.son 397 

Scudder,    Benj .  R 395 

"         Henry 392 

"         ]no.  Anderson 392,395 

Joseph 392 

' '          I  -ucretia 392 

"         N 297 

Nath 389 

Scutellaria  Lateriflora 314,  427 


PAGE. 

Settlements  in  West  Jersey 13 

Seward,  Jno.  L 314 

Shaw,  Thomas 395 

Shippen,  Edward 396 

"        Chief  Justice 396 

"        William '. 38 

"              "          teacher    obste- 
trics     59-60 

"        William,  hospital  super- 
intendent. . .  63 
Shippen  and  Morgan,  controversy 

in  hospital  directorship 66 

Shivers,  Rosanna 178 

"         Samuel 173 

Shute,  Samuel  M 397 

Simcoe,  Lieut. -Col.,  escape 338 

"       Gov.,  courtesy  of 339 

Simpson,  Jno .  N 434 

Sims,  Clifford  S 380 

Sims,  Jno.  C 380 

Sinnickson,  Col.  Jno 292 

"            Clement  H 292 

Small  Po.x 22 

Smellie,  Dr.,   instructor  in  obste- 
trics   57 

Smith,  Rev.  Caleb 119,  364 

"      Charles 397 

"      Isaac 398 

"     Jonathan 400 

"     Joseph;  his  bibliography. .  236 

"      Peter 400 

"      William  Peartree 170 

Societies  in  Philadelphia 53 

Medical 43.  51  sqq 

ofN.  J 43  sqq 

"     title 56 

"  "        of  the    Eastern 

District  of  N.  J  49,  332 

"              "in  Boston 51 

Society,  Weekly,  of  Gentlemen  in 

New  York 51 

"        of  the  County  of  New  York  53 

"        Medical  of  N.  J.  members  121 

Spencer,   Oliver 154 

' '        Elizabeth 154 

Springfield,  a  woman's  stratagem 

at  battle  of 228 

Stillwell,  family  of 401 

Gershom 405 

"         Jno.  E  (i) 404 


448 


INDEX 


PAGE. 

Stilhvell,  Jno.  E.  (2) 405 

*'         Nicholas 401 

' '          Richard 402 

"(2) 403 

Wm 75 

William 403 

"     E 404 

William  (i) 405 

Stites,  Hezekiah 405 

St.  I'eiers  Ch . ,  Amboy 167 

Stockton,   Benj.  B 408 

Ebenezer 318,409 

Stokes,  Chas 143 

Jno.  H 406 

Stratton,  Benj.  Harris 412 

Chas.  C 411 

family  on  L.   1 410 

' '          genealog}' 413 

James 410 

Jno.    L 413 

Rev.  Samuel  V *.  411 

Sir\'ker,  Capt.  John 414 

family  of 414 

Peter  J 414 

William  S.  (Gen.) 415 

Study,  preliminary 36 

Students  of   medicine,    fee  to   in- 
structors    36 

Sugar  House,  Old,  New  York. . .  .  273 
Surgeons   commissioned  in    New 

Jersey  in  1776 81 

Sutfin,  Daniel 416 

Swain,  Aaron 418 

Swan,  Samuel 417 

Swedes,  settlement  of 13 

Tali.man,  Benjamin  H 418 

"          Stephen 419 

Taylor,  Edward 419 

John 131 

Mary 131 

Tea,  destruction  of,  in   New  Jer- 
sey, 1774 244,  248 

Teeth,  loss  of 21 

Tennent,  Dr. ,  early  writer 35,  421 

"  John  V.    B.,  teacher  in 

midwifery 59 

genealogy 421 

Gilbert 420 


PAGE. 

Thatcher,      Rev.     Thomas,     first 

writer  on  medicine 32 

Thetis,  ship  of  war 210 

Thro.nt  distemper.  Hard  on 34 

Throat  distemper 23  sqq  87 

Tilton  on  hospitals 67 

Titles  to  early  lands  disputed  con- 
cerning   128 

Tories  in  Burlington 349 

Tower  Hill,  1746,  scene  at 341 

Treat,      Samuel,      certificate      of 

study 102,  421 

Trenton,  when  chartered 190 

Tunison,  Garrett  W 422 

Turner,  William 423 

Tuttle,  Samuel 195 

Unmversalism,      Imlay,    writer 

upon 294 

Vaccination 362.  407 

Van  Boskirk,  Abr 424 

Van  Buren,  Abr 424 

"              James 425 

William 425 

William  H 425 

\'an  Cleve,  John 41,  425 

\'aii  Court,  Moses 427 

Vanderveer,  Henry 429 

Lawrence 48,427 

Van  Home,  Jno 429 

Vanleer,  Benjamin 430 

Van  Sutphen,  Dirck 416 

Venereal  disease 22 

Venesection 218,  308 

Vergereau,  Maria 333 

Vickars,  Samuel 431 

Viesselius,  George  A 431 

Virginia  legislation 54 

Voltaire 345 

Waldron,  Jane 197 

Wall,  John  Galen 431 

Wallace,   Ellerslie 326 

Walton,  early  writer 33 

Ward,  Abr 43^ 

Ward,  Sarah i94 

Ward,  Samuel 149.  433 

War  of  1758,  effect  of 42 


INDEX, 


449 


PAGE. 

Washington,  letter  to  Dr.  Cochran  207 

Waterhouse,  J  no 433 

Wet  ride,  a 337 

\\'iggins,  Thomas 48,  433 

Willett,  William 375 

Williamson,  M.  H 435 

Wills,  Daniel 434 

Wilson,  Jno 437 

Wilson,  Lewis  F 436 

Winans,  William 437 

Wise,  Hon.  Henry  A 297 

Witherspoon,  Jno 438 

Women,  sick  cared  for  by 16 

Wood,  Thomas,  lecturer 41 


PAGE. 

Woodhull,   John 119 

Woodhull,    Rev.  Dr.  John 119 

Rev.  William 119 

Woodruff,  Ebenezer  B 298 

Woodruff,  Hezekiah  S 153,  438 

Writers  on  Medicine 32,  346-7 

Yarmouth,  ship  of  war 176 

Yellow  Fever,  Rush's  treatment. .     327 
in  Phila..  1798. . . .   384-5 
Young,     Thomas,     instructor    in 
midwifery 57 

Zengek's  IVeek!^ 33 


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